Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 23 of 23 outbound references and 10 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.11854.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.11854 v1

Coverage vector

measured 23 of 23 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.529362Z

measured 33 of 33 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 10 of 10 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T04:29:03.462532Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

23 of 23 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy10
unresolved13
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

1
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

Observation d8ae9209-a0d2-4e69-971d-1ab58b162ccd · outbound

This paper cites Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelism.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelism

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.434397Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 31ca552d-c2e8-460a-b9ac-d77ba8d3e495 · outbound

This paper cites The Cost of Training NLP Models: A Concise Overview.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference The Cost of Training NLP Models: A Concise Overview

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.439541Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9cb4cba0-e803-4f6f-a4d9-bbf99f1531e8 · outbound

This paper cites Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge- Intensive NLP Tasks,.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge- Intensive NLP Tasks,

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.443749Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2cb38bc5-e229-41b4-8264-634e2c49d069 · outbound

This paper cites Improving language models by retrieving from trillions of tokens,.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference Improving language models by retrieving from trillions of tokens,

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.831379Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 7763981e-e13f-4aa6-b896-b11acd0329ed · outbound

This paper cites SILO Language Models: Isolating Legal Risk In a Nonparametric Datastore.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference SILO Language Models: Isolating Legal Risk In a Nonparametric Datastore

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.451445Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 845290e8-6a6f-4bca-876c-8111461e74d4 · outbound

This paper cites REPLUG: Retrieval-Augmented Black-Box Language Models.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference REPLUG: Retrieval-Augmented Black-Box Language Models

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.455939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ad098313-263f-4c21-b4ab-0be7da28d297 · outbound

This paper cites Benchmarking large language models in retrieval- augmented generation,.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference Benchmarking large language models in retrieval- augmented generation,

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.818723Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 85847da2-1da9-4c20-8b9f-481df13260f8 · outbound

This paper cites PipeRAG: Fast Retrieval-Augmented Generation via Algorithm-System Co-design.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference PipeRAG: Fast Retrieval-Augmented Generation via Algorithm-System Co-design

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.464683Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 93c9a461-2e16-4753-a512-a4bb06630814 · outbound

This paper cites RAGCache: Efficient Knowledge Caching for Retrieval-Augmented Generation.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference RAGCache: Efficient Knowledge Caching for Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.468826Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7f4a364a-efa8-4c33-988c-adfeb880ffb9 · outbound

This paper cites Accelerating Retrieval-Augmented Language Model Serving with Speculation.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference Accelerating Retrieval-Augmented Language Model Serving with Speculation

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.473414Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b5fb830b-e9f7-409e-ab09-8712880a2342 · outbound

This paper cites Efficient and robust approximate near- est neighbor search using hierarchical navigable small world graphs,.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference Efficient and robust approximate near- est neighbor search using hierarchical navigable small world graphs,

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.805354Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 0c5d7650-e1bd-4f74-8972-6fe4601cc195 · outbound

This paper cites Inverted files for text search engines,.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference Inverted files for text search engines,

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.793218Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 6e1a2ea5-649b-4eb5-ba56-c096fc9d35ba · outbound

This paper cites ”Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference ”Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.780816Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 8e4a5930-e344-4e1a-9f07-0cf46caad940 · outbound

This paper cites In-context retrieval-augmented language models,.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference In-context retrieval-augmented language models,

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.767292Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation b83f75fa-3a15-40c8-a17a-b5d90d1bbabe · outbound

This paper cites C-pack: Packaged resources to advance general chinese embedding,.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference C-pack: Packaged resources to advance general chinese embedding,

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.754647Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 0f1a2101-ba7d-4814-bba3-d681159a08dc · outbound

This paper cites Team, “Gemma,” 2024.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference Team, “Gemma,” 2024

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.501290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e0d02fb3-6b6a-4f73-82ae-b0107a666b57 · outbound

This paper cites Splitwise: Efficient generative llm inference using phase splitting,.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference Splitwise: Efficient generative llm inference using phase splitting,

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.733733Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation e08182e7-1019-4ca5-a149-9f36c392f301 · outbound

This paper cites The Web Is Your Oyster - Knowledge-Intensive NLP against a Very Large Web Corpus.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference The Web Is Your Oyster - Knowledge-Intensive NLP against a Very Large Web Corpus

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.509363Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dd94c373-e60d-46ae-ba32-96d8105d40a2 · outbound

This paper cites TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Chal- lenge Dataset for Reading Comprehension,.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Chal- lenge Dataset for Reading Comprehension,

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.721317Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 14922f2e-7839-4fe5-950e-f1004fcb8554 · outbound

This paper cites The Faiss library.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference The Faiss library

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.517810Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9b050bfd-ee73-4ec2-be4f-8dd6b0e7f24e · outbound

This paper cites HuggingFace's Transformers: State-of-the-art Natural Language Processing.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference HuggingFace's Transformers: State-of-the-art Natural Language Processing

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.521870Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4db4b84f-288e-414a-a351-cbaf956c6795 · outbound

This paper cites Efficient memory management for large language model serving with pagedattention,.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference Efficient memory management for large language model serving with pagedattention,

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.708109Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 501e6e80-ae84-4bf0-bd32-5e2349079e3c · outbound

This paper cites Accelerating Inference of Retrieval-Augmented Generation via Sparse Context Selection.

Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference Accelerating Inference of Retrieval-Augmented Generation via Sparse Context Selection

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:35:23.529362Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 25434966-f3a3-4f5e-bbe7-1111930d02ab · inbound

CaGR-RAG: Context-aware Query Grouping for Disk-based Vector Search in RAG Systems cites this paper.

CaGR-RAG: Context-aware Query Grouping for Disk-based Vector Search in RAG Systems Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:29:03.462532Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9de3e231-4e2f-409e-a7c3-226309dc132b · inbound

Cosmos: A CXL-Based Full In-Memory System for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search cites this paper.

Cosmos: A CXL-Based Full In-Memory System for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:10:03.561168Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d92c68b1-6eb0-4ad5-97ac-e268cab42e02 · inbound

BAR Conjecture: the Feasibility of Inference Budget-Constrained LLM Services with Authenticity and Reasoning cites this paper.

BAR Conjecture: the Feasibility of Inference Budget-Constrained LLM Services with Authenticity and Reasoning Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference

Reference 2019

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:04:47.214527Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 08d6a4a6-8666-4176-9975-40b3d3de85db · inbound

CacheClip: Accelerating RAG with Effective KV Cache Reuse cites this paper.

CacheClip: Accelerating RAG with Effective KV Cache Reuse Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference

Reference 21

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-22T12:41:33.721435Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 1e8141bd-6958-4562-a8c5-7f1a5fd97ac1 · inbound

NOVA: NOise-aware Verbal Confidence CAlibration for Robust Large Language Models in RAG Systems cites this paper.

NOVA: NOise-aware Verbal Confidence CAlibration for Robust Large Language Models in RAG Systems Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference

Reference 2004

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T10:14:02.295939Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 28713d80-fb78-46a7-afc2-f2e38cff95cb · inbound

GaiaFlow: Semantic-Guided Diffusion Tuning for Carbon-Frugal Search cites this paper.

GaiaFlow: Semantic-Guided Diffusion Tuning for Carbon-Frugal Search Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-15T22:00:21.415220Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation aa2abccb-57f1-4d40-8df9-412a049b22be · inbound

Integrating Domain-Specialized Language Models with AI Measurement Tools for Deterministic Atomic-Resolution Experimentation cites this paper.

Integrating Domain-Specialized Language Models with AI Measurement Tools for Deterministic Atomic-Resolution Experimentation Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-15T20:10:18.591423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 7fe9fa6d-16ea-4983-bcfb-5c67b8b697a3 · inbound

uGen: An Agentic Framework for Generating Microarchitectural Attack PoCs cites this paper.

uGen: An Agentic Framework for Generating Microarchitectural Attack PoCs Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference

Reference 44

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-19T15:47:38.550332Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation aa058340-fe41-49c8-8e9a-90f8c514ec9b · inbound

When More Cores Hurts: The Vector Database Scaling Paradox in HPC cites this paper.

When More Cores Hurts: The Vector Database Scaling Paradox in HPC Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference

Reference 74

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-27T15:21:00.063605Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation e33965f2-9524-4445-83bb-405d282648df · inbound

Retrieval-Augmented Generation in LLMs for Mental Health: Quantifying the Incremental Contribution of Retrieval Within a Layered Safety Architecture cites this paper.

Retrieval-Augmented Generation in LLMs for Mental Health: Quantifying the Incremental Contribution of Retrieval Within a Layered Safety Architecture Towards Understanding Systems Trade-offs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model Inference

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T22:39:04.174766Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.