Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 23 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.16429.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.16429 v3

Coverage vector

measured 0 of 0 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 23 of 23 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 23 of 23 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:25:48.282642Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-04T08:49:41.850322Z

Reference resolution

0 of 0 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

No outbound reference observations are available for this paper version.

Pith citing papers

Observation d63eaa58-ca87-4424-87e3-f747944499d5 · inbound

Evaluating Gemini in an arena for learning cites this paper.

Evaluating Gemini in an arena for learning LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:25:48.282642Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f8914a9b-4d96-4faf-8417-c8c5e8d0b485 · inbound

Benchmarking the Pedagogical Knowledge of Large Language Models cites this paper.

Benchmarking the Pedagogical Knowledge of Large Language Models LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:20:19.149082Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 58099689-5479-45b4-b749-0ef6399f4c8f · inbound

Exploring LLMs for Predicting Tutor Strategy and Student Outcomes in Dialogues cites this paper.

Exploring LLMs for Predicting Tutor Strategy and Student Outcomes in Dialogues LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T18:57:29.250342Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d012578e-4194-4e4b-ab17-241e0d367abc · inbound

Can LLMs Reliably Simulate Real Students' Abilities in Mathematics and Reading Comprehension? cites this paper.

Can LLMs Reliably Simulate Real Students' Abilities in Mathematics and Reading Comprehension? LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T18:31:58.800410Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e28cfa98-3be6-4c59-bee1-360164761bb6 · inbound

LLMs cannot spot math errors, even when allowed to peek into the solution cites this paper.

LLMs cannot spot math errors, even when allowed to peek into the solution LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:40:44.941872Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1f1bea74-eebc-4b83-baa0-ab241cc10b1c · inbound

IDEAlign: Comparing Large Language Models to Human Experts in Open-ended Interpretive Annotations cites this paper.

IDEAlign: Comparing Large Language Models to Human Experts in Open-ended Interpretive Annotations LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T11:26:27.521867Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 31866a35-a970-4cd6-b5a3-4f3007887233 · inbound

Large Language Models as Students Who Think Aloud: Overly Coherent, Verbose, and Confident cites this paper.

Large Language Models as Students Who Think Aloud: Overly Coherent, Verbose, and Confident LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-16T09:20:48.286246Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation d350fe0a-fb38-4b68-a2db-5460a07573a6 · inbound

Mitigating LLM biases toward spurious social contexts using direct preference optimization cites this paper.

Mitigating LLM biases toward spurious social contexts using direct preference optimization LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-13T20:33:14.773358Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 9e7a0732-1603-4641-82f7-49d27c09aedb · inbound

Behavior Latticing: Inferring User Motivations from Unstructured Interactions cites this paper.

Behavior Latticing: Inferring User Motivations from Unstructured Interactions LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 97

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T07:26:03.299343Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation f914c98b-3aa1-4735-a702-b1720a5d2807 · inbound

Ceci n'est pas une explication: Evaluating Explanation Failures as Explainability Pitfalls in Language Learning Systems cites this paper.

Ceci n'est pas une explication: Evaluating Explanation Failures as Explainability Pitfalls in Language Learning Systems LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T00:31:17.339709Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 4b4e6123-288e-4342-98e8-09ebd589d43b · inbound

Ceci n'est pas une explication: Evaluating Explanation Failures as Explainability Pitfalls in Language Learning Systems cites this paper.

Ceci n'est pas une explication: Evaluating Explanation Failures as Explainability Pitfalls in Language Learning Systems LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-25T06:35:25.196592Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 7f477d66-da4a-4396-852b-8bc2a84ea61b · inbound

TeachArena: Are Language Agents Ready for Realistic Teaching Work? cites this paper.

TeachArena: Are Language Agents Ready for Realistic Teaching Work? LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-22T10:31:25.840516Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation d1f9b7c9-2fe7-4b4c-8850-02144f53b33d · inbound

TeachArena: Are Language Agents Ready for Realistic Teaching Work? cites this paper.

TeachArena: Are Language Agents Ready for Realistic Teaching Work? LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T05:12:48.970474Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 81b869cb-dd76-4565-9b8f-f25745f7faa0 · inbound

LLMs Are Already Good Tutors: Training-Free Prompt Optimization for Pedagogical Math Tutoring cites this paper.

LLMs Are Already Good Tutors: Training-Free Prompt Optimization for Pedagogical Math Tutoring LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T17:53:47.032957Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation a133159d-21c8-4e97-b6d8-4f18d8c675e8 · inbound

The Tutoring Effectiveness Index: Predicting LLM Math Tutor Quality from Four Conversation Signals cites this paper.

The Tutoring Effectiveness Index: Predicting LLM Math Tutor Quality from Four Conversation Signals LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T00:12:49.991686Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation cb1b4b75-d0be-4f97-b7b4-9fcbbef56bd1 · inbound

Reinforcement Learning for Special Education: Aligning LLM Tutors to Diverse Learners through Disability-Adaptive Training cites this paper.

Reinforcement Learning for Special Education: Aligning LLM Tutors to Diverse Learners through Disability-Adaptive Training LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T20:36:11.319709Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation ddab94e1-f01f-4144-81b6-32e6923707ff · inbound

Hey Chat, Can You Teach Me? Structuring Socratic Dialogue for Human Learning in the Wild cites this paper.

Hey Chat, Can You Teach Me? Structuring Socratic Dialogue for Human Learning in the Wild LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-03T10:37:56.759578Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 85409a8d-0782-4a5a-bf78-56ce68f1fd38 · inbound

Curiosity as Linguistic Intervention: Using LLM Tutoring Dialogues to Influence Exploratory Learning Behavior cites this paper.

Curiosity as Linguistic Intervention: Using LLM Tutoring Dialogues to Influence Exploratory Learning Behavior LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 30

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T08:49:41.851968Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation fc095684-545a-46ca-9270-90e9df95afc8 · inbound

Uncertainty-Aware Generation and Decision-Making Under Ambiguity cites this paper.

Uncertainty-Aware Generation and Decision-Making Under Ambiguity LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T05:54:18.282907Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation c1790ed4-ab27-4af1-b85d-2de340729162 · inbound

Experimental Evidence on the Learning Impact of Generative AI cites this paper.

Experimental Evidence on the Learning Impact of Generative AI LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 80

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-13T06:17:36.032945Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation abc4402c-da05-4ba9-92dd-b30c69ef9288 · inbound

AIriskEval-edu Demo: Auditing of Pedagogical Risks in Educational Explanations cites this paper.

AIriskEval-edu Demo: Auditing of Pedagogical Risks in Educational Explanations LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T01:53:05.651688Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8bd545aa-c372-4a0c-b0f2-f285ca0f122e · inbound

ConnectED: A Curriculum-Aligned AI System for Vietnamese Instructional Lesson Planning and Student Learning cites this paper.

ConnectED: A Curriculum-Aligned AI System for Vietnamese Instructional Lesson Planning and Student Learning LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T00:51:20.278105Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0f3ce6b3-a1ec-46d7-90ee-878359087634 · inbound

Auditable Release Control for Pedagogical Leakage in LLM Tutors cites this paper.

Auditable Release Control for Pedagogical Leakage in LLM Tutors LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning

Reference 2020

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T00:53:04.100484Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.