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Tunable superconductivity coexisting with the anomalous Hall effect in 1T'-WS2

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Pith's one-line read Hydrostatic pressure drives few-layer 1T'-WS2 through two superconducting phases, the second coexisting with an anomalous Hall effect.

desk verdict Pressure-tuned reentrant superconductivity in 1T'-WS2 looks solid; the anomalous Hall effect that the coexistence claim rides on is not yet properly established. read the letter →

arxiv 2501.05980 v1 pith:6YQ7LXHH submitted 2025-01-10 cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.mtrl-sciphysics.app-ph

Md Shafayat Hossain , Qi Zhang , David Graf , Mikel Iraola , Tobias Müller , Sougata Mardanya , Yi-Hsin Tu , Zhuangchai Lai
show 20 more authors
Martina O. Soldini Siyuan Li Yao Yao Yu-Xiao Jiang Zi-Jia Cheng Maksim Litskevich Brian Casas Tyler A. Cochran Xian P. Yang Byunghoon Kim Kenji Watanabe Takashi Taniguchi Sugata Chowdhury Arun Bansil Hua Zhang Tay-Rong Chang Mark Fischer Titus Neupert Luis Balicas M. Zahid Hasan
This is my paper · ORCID
classification cond-mat.supr-concond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.mtrl-sciphysics.app-ph
keywords 1T'-WS2reentrantsuperconductivityanomalousHalleffecthydrostaticpressuretopologicalphasetransitionLifshitzmetaldichalcogenidesunconventional
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

Applying hydrostatic pressure to twelve-layer 1T'-WS2 produces a cascade of electronic ground states in one material. The ambient-pressure superconducting phase (SC1) is suppressed at $P = 1.15$ GPa exactly where a nonlinear anomalous Hall component appears in the normal-state Hall resistance. Above $P = 1.8$ GPa superconductivity returns as a second phase (SC2) with a lower $T_c$, a different upper-critical-field anisotropy, and a still-present but subdued anomalous Hall effect. The paper argues that SC2 is a distinct superconducting state, possibly with unconventional pairing symmetry, emerging from a normal state with broken-time-reversal-symmetry-like transport signatures. If correct, this makes 1T'-WS2 a clean single-parameter platform for studying the interplay of superconductivity, topology, and magnetic order.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing object is the pressure-tuned electronic structure of 1T'-WS2. The argument traces how a band inversion at the $Y$ point (around 1 GPa) switches the system from a topological crystalline insulator into a strong topological phase, while a Lifshitz transition reconstructs the Fermi surface. These changes are connected to the experiments through first-principles band structures, Wannier tight-binding models, random-phase-approximation susceptibility calculations (which find a magnetic divergence at an incommensurate wave vector), and electron-phonon coupling estimates that weaken with pressure. The symmetry analysis of the $C_{2h}$ point group, giving four one-dimensional pairing irreps ($A_g$, $B_g$, $A_u$, $B_u$), is what lets the authors argue that the reentrant phase could realize a distinct, possibly triplet, pairing channel in the presence of the anomalous-Hall normal state.

What would settle it

A muon spin rotation or magnetic torque measurement on 1T'-WS2 near 1.63 GPa and below 30 K could settle the broken-symmetry claim: if no static or slowly fluctuating internal field emerges in that regime, the proposed magnetic order is ruled out and the transport anomaly would require another explanation.

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Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central claim is that pressure reentrantly induces a second superconducting state in few-layer 1T'-WS2 that coexists with an anomalous Hall effect. At ambient pressure the material superconducts (SC1); its critical temperature falls with pressure and vanishes at $P = 1.15$ GPa, at which point the Hall resistance develops a low-field nonlinear component attributed to an anomalous Hall effect. Increasing pressure further, superconductivity reappears at $P = 1.8$ GPa (SC2) with a smaller $T_c$, a smaller out-of-plane upper critical field (and smaller $\mu_0 H_{c2\perp bc}/T_c$), but a comparable in-plane upper critical field, yielding nearly twice the $\mu_0 H_{c2\parallel bc}/T_c$ ratio and a markedly larger superconducting anisotropy $\gamma$. The authors take the enhanced anisotropy, together with the persistence of the anomalous Hall effect in the normal state, as evidence that SC2 has a different pairing symmetry from SC1, potentially involving triplet pairing. First-principles calculations show that the same pressure range hosts a band inversion at $Y$ that changes the topological classification from a topological crystalline insulator to a strong topological phase, along with Lifshitz transitions and a calculated magnetic (incommensurate spin-density-wave-like) susceptibility divergence, supporting a magnetic-fluctuation origin for the anomalous Hall effect and the unconventional pairing scenario.

Load-bearing premise

The identification of the anomalous Hall effect assumes that after subtracting a linear-in-field baseline, the remaining low-field nonlinearity in the Hall resistance is intrinsic rather than a two-band, magnetoresistance, or contact artifact; no magnetic probe or hysteresis is presented in the paper.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • If the coexistence is real, 1T'-WS2 becomes a rare tunable superconductor in which an anomalous Hall effect (a broken-time-reversal-symmetry signature) and superconductivity can be switched on and off with pressures of order 1-2 GPa.
  • The reentrant phase's enhanced anisotropy and high in-plane $\mu_0 H_{c2}/T_c$ ratio imply a different superconducting condensate from SC1, possibly with triplet pairing, which could be tested by phase-sensitive or spin-sensitive measurements.
  • The first-principles results place the reentrant phase in a strong topological phase, so surface-sensitive probes could look for topological surface states; the calculated surface cone sits about 50 meV above the Fermi level.
  • The calculated incommensurate magnetic susceptibility divergence predicts a spin-density-wave-like instability that neutron or muon experiments could detect and link to the anomalous Hall effect.
  • Because the pressure response is reversible, the same device can be cycled between SC1, the anomalous-Hall metal, and SC2, making 1T'-WS2 a testbed for competing-order physics.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • A direct extension not pursued in the paper: if the anomalous Hall component is confirmed as intrinsic, 1T'-WS2 would join a small family of superconductors in which pairing nucleates from a time-reversal-symmetry-broken normal state; a Josephson-interferometry or polar-Kerr measurement could determine whether the superconducting order itself breaks time-reversal symmetry.
  • The coincidence of the ~30 K resistance anomaly with the vanishing of the anomalous Hall effect suggests a genuine phase transition; specific-heat or thermal-expansion measurements under pressure could test this without relying on transport.
  • Because the calculated topological surface cone lies only ~50 meV above the Fermi level, electron doping (via gating or intercalation) might bring it to the Fermi energy and make the surface states participate in transport, which the paper does not explore.
  • The computed rise in spin susceptibility with pressure and the drop in electron-phonon coupling suggest that still higher pressures could further tip the balance toward magnetic order or another superconducting dome, but the paper's data stop at 2.3 GPa.
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Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 5 minor

Summary. This manuscript reports pressure-dependent electrical transport measurements on few-layer (12-layer) 1T'-WS2 Hall bars, showing a first superconducting dome (SC1) that is suppressed by P≈1.15 GPa, the emergence of a low-field nonlinear Hall component at the same pressure, and a reentrant superconducting dome (SC2) at P≥1.8 GPa with a larger in-plane/out-of-plane Hc2 anisotropy. The authors combine these data with DFT, tight-binding, RPA susceptibility, and electron-phonon calculations to argue for a pressure-induced topological transition and a possible magnetic instability, and they interpret the reentrant SC2 state as coexisting with a broken-time-reversal-symmetry-like anomalous Hall response.

Significance. The potential significance is high if the central claim holds: 1T'-WS2 would be a rare tunable system in which superconductivity reappears out of a state exhibiting an anomalous Hall effect, with a possible unconventional pairing. The experimental work includes data from three samples with reversible pressure behavior, and the theory section is unusually complete, with machine-checkable band-structure, symmetry-indicator, EPW, and RPA calculations. The paper is also transparent about its limitations, explicitly noting the absence of hysteresis and the need for future structural and muSR studies. However, the fragility of the AHE identification is the main factor limiting confidence in the coexistence claim.

major comments (3)
  1. [Fig. 3 and Methods IV] The extraction of Rxy^AHE by subtracting a linear-in-field baseline is the sole experimental basis for the anomalous Hall effect claim, but the paper never specifies the field range over which the linear fit is performed, nor does it compare the residual against a two-band or multi-band ordinary Hall model. This is a live alternative because the authors' own band-structure calculations locate a Lifshitz transition in exactly this pressure range (Fig. 5e,f), which can produce a temperature-dependent, nonlinear ordinary Hall signal of the same shape. The absence of hysteresis (stated in the main text) and the lack of any magnetization or muSR data mean that the broken-time-reversal-symmetry interpretation is not independently secured. To make the coexistence claim convincing, the authors should show the raw Rxy(B) data with the chosen linear fit overlaid, test whether a two-band fit with pressure- and temperature-dependent densities/mobilities can reproduce the observed nonlinearity, and either provide a magnetic probe or explicitly soften the language from 'anomalous Hall effect' to 'anomalous Hall-like nonlinearity'.
  2. [Main text, 'The wealth of pressure-tunable electronic states...'] The assumption that 1T'-WS2 remains structurally stable under pressure is supported only by transport reversibility and phonon calculations (Extended Fig. 7), with no in-situ structural characterization. This is a load-bearing assumption because the 30 K resistance anomaly (Extended Fig. 4) and the appearance of the low-field nonlinear Hall component at 1.15 GPa could both reflect a pressure-induced structural distortion rather than a purely electronic transition. If the structure changes, the topological and Fermi-surface calculations at P = 2.3 GPa (Fig. 5) would not describe the measured state. The authors should either provide high-pressure X-ray diffraction or Raman data, or explicitly state that the topological interpretation is conditional on the untested stability of the 1T' phase.
  3. [Fig. 4c,d] The proposed competition between superconductivity and the anomalous Hall effect in SC2 rests on the observation that the saturated value of the extracted Rxy^AHE slightly decreases below Tc. Since the extraction procedure itself assumes a particular form for the ordinary Hall background, this decrease could be an artifact of the superconducting transition modifying that background (e.g., through changes in the carrier scattering rate or in the magnetoresistance). The authors should demonstrate that the decrease is robust across a range of linear-subtraction windows and reproducible in all three samples before interpreting it as evidence for competition between the two orders.
minor comments (5)
  1. [Methods V and Fig. 5 caption] The symmetry indicator lists contain a typo: 'z2w2 = 0, z2w2 = 0' should read 'z2w2 = 0, z2w3 = 0' in the P = 2.3 GPa case (Methods V and Fig. 5a caption).
  2. [Fig. 1e-g] The pressure phase diagrams in Fig. 1e-g show data from three samples without any error bars or individual data-point identification; given that the SC2 dome is defined by only two pressures, the authors should add error bars or at least specify the sample-to-sample spread in Tc and Hc2.
  3. [Main text, Fig. 1 caption] The notation for the in-plane upper critical field is inconsistent: the text says 'μ0Hc2||bc' for fields oriented 'along the c-axis' in one place, while the caption says 'fields directed along the bc plane' (Fig. 1g). Please standardize the field-orientation nomenclature.
  4. [Methods V] In the paragraph describing the Wannier basis, 's-orbitals of S' appears to be a typo for 'p-orbitals of S', since the text elsewhere states that the basis is W d-orbitals and S p-orbitals.
  5. [References] Reference 35 duplicates Reference 31 (both cite Yang et al., 'Giant, unconventional anomalous Hall effect in the metallic frustrated magnet candidate, KV3Sb5') with slightly different journal formatting; one should be removed or the citation should be consolidated.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the experimental phase diagram and the first-principles calculations are independent, and the anomalous Hall extraction is an interpretive choice rather than a self-referential derivation.

full rationale

The derivation chain is not circular. The central experimental claims (suppression of SC1, reentrance of SC2, changes in Hc2 anisotropy, and a low-field nonlinear Hall component) are direct transport observations, not outputs of a fitted model. The 'anomalous Hall effect' is obtained by subtracting a linear-in-field baseline (Methods IV; Fig. 3d,f), which is an interpretive reduction rather than a self-referential construction: the raw Rxy is visibly nonlinear in field, and the linear subtraction isolates that nonlinearity; whether it is intrinsic AHE versus two-band magnetoresistance contamination is a validity question, not a circularity. The paper itself flags the fragility of the interpretation with 'It is worth noting that no hysteresis is observed in these experiments' and 'A clear understanding of what this anomaly represents and whether it signals a phase-transition would require structural analysis under high pressures and therefore will be left for future research'; these are limitations on the coexistence interpretation, not circular steps. The DFT/RPA/EPW calculations are independent supporting evidence: the Hubbard U = 6.5 eV and the choice of PBE/LDA functionals are external inputs that do not encode the measured Tc or Rxy values, and the symmetry analysis of possible superconducting order parameters is carried out from the C2h point group without fitting to the data. Self-citations (refs 21,22) are used for crystal structure and background band-structure characterization, not as proof of the new pressure-induced phases or the AHE. No prediction reduces to a fitted parameter, no ansatz is smuggled in via citation, and no uniqueness theorem is imported from the authors' prior work. Therefore the circularity score is 0.

Assumptions & free parameters 1 free parameters · 3 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The experimental central claim is not derived from the theory, so the ledger is light. The main free parameter is the Hubbard U used in RPA; the main untested premises are structural stability and the intrinsic nature of the AHE.

free parameters (1)
  • Hubbard U in RPA susceptibility = 6.5 eV
    The RPA susceptibility calculation (Methods V, Fig. 5b) uses a local intra-orbital Hubbard interaction of uniform strength U = 6.5 eV, chosen by hand rather than computed. The predicted magnetic instability depends on this value.
assumptions (3)
  • domain assumption 1T'-WS2 remains in the same crystal structure under pressures up to 2.3 GPa
    Stated in the main text after Fig. 4: 'we assume that 1T'-WS2 remains structurally stable under pressure'; justified by reversible transport and phonon calculations, but no in-situ structural data are provided.
  • domain assumption The low-field nonlinear component of the Hall resistance is an intrinsic anomalous Hall effect
    The paper subtracts a linear-in-field baseline and attributes the residual to AHE (Fig. 3d,f; Methods IV). Alternative causes such as two-band nonlinear Hall or magnetoresistance contamination are not experimentally excluded.
  • domain assumption DFT with PBE/GGA and LDA functionals provides a reliable description of the pressure-dependent electronic structure
    Used for band structures, topological indicators, phonons, and electron-phonon coupling (Methods V-VI). Standard in the field, but no benchmark against experiment beyond the qualitative Hall behavior.

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Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Tunable superconductivity coexisting with the anomalous Hall effect in 1T'-WS2." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/6YQ7LXHH

@misc{pith2026250105980,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Tunable superconductivity coexisting with the anomalous Hall effect in 1T'-WS2},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/6YQ7LXHH}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2501.05980}
}
read the original abstract

Transition metal dichalcogenides are a family of quasi-two-dimensional materials that display a high technological potential due to their wide range of electronic ground states, e.g., from superconducting to semiconducting, depending on the chemical composition, crystal structure, or electrostatic doping. Here, we unveil that by tuning a single parameter, the hydrostatic pressure P, a cascade of electronic phase transitions can be induced in the few-layer transition metal dichalcogenide 1T'-WS2, including superconducting, topological, and anomalous Hall effect phases. Specifically, as P increases, we observe a dual phase transition: the suppression of superconductivity with the concomitant emergence of an anomalous Hall effect at P=1.15 GPa. Remarkably, upon further increasing the pressure above 1.6 GPa, we uncover a reentrant superconducting state that emerges out of a state still exhibiting an anomalous Hall effect. This superconducting state shows a marked increase in superconducting anisotropy with respect to the phase observed at ambient pressure, suggesting a different superconducting state with a distinct pairing symmetry. Via first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that the system concomitantly transitions into a strong topological phase with markedly different band orbital characters and Fermi surfaces contributing to the superconductivity. These findings position 1T'-WS2 as a unique, tunable superconductor, wherein superconductivity, anomalous transport, and band features can be tuned through the application of moderate pressures.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2501.05980 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Observation of a tunable superconducting state in atomically thin 1 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Transport measurements under several pressures revealing two superconducting states. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Emergence of the anomalous Hall effect upon the disappearance of the first superconducting state [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (2 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Temperature dependence of the anomalous Hall effect. a, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_4.png]
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Pressure-tuned topological and Lifshitz transitions revealed from electronic band structure and susceptibility calculations. a, Band structure as obtained from first principles calculation at two values of pressure P = 0 GPa, and 2.3 GPa, marked by solid and dashed lin…

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    (0, 0, 0) (1/2, 1/2, 0) (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) (0, 0,1/2) (1/2, -1/2, 1/2) (1/2, 0, 1/2) Acknowledgments M.Z.H. group acknowledges primary support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, Quantum Science Center (at OR...

    2020

Pith tools

Reviewed August 10, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.