Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 major objections 3 minor 60 references

Interplay of $d$- and $p$-states in RbTi$_3$Bi$_5$ and CsTi$_3$Bi$_5$ flat-band kagome metals

T0 review · 3 major / 3 minor · reviewed 2026-08-09 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read Bismuth p-states reshape the low-energy electronic structure of the titanium kagome metals RbTi3Bi5 and CsTi3Bi5, and a 150 K phonon anomaly marks the likely onset of electronic nematicity.

desk verdict Solid broadband IR study with a credible d-p coupling story, but the new Bi pz pockets and the 150 K nematicity are both less firm than the abstract suggests. read the letter →

arxiv 2501.18389 v2 pith:4DGCREDB submitted 2025-01-30 cond-mat.str-el

M. Wenzel , E. Uykur , A. A. Tsirlin , A. N Capa Salinas , B. R. Ortiz , S. D. Wilson , M. Dressel This is my paper · ORCID
classification cond-mat.str-el
keywords kagomemetalsflatbandsopticalconductivitynematicityelectron-phononcouplingDiraccrossingsRbTi3Bi5Cs
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper uses broadband infrared spectroscopy and density-functional calculations to establish what carries the low-energy electronic response of two titanium-based kagome metals, RbTi3Bi5 and CsTi3Bi5, whose Fermi level sits unusually close to flat bands. It argues that the low-energy optical conductivity is not set by titanium d-states alone: non-kagome bismuth pz states form a tilted Dirac crossing, create new Fermi-surface pockets near the A point, and contribute interband absorption that the d-bands alone cannot explain. It further identifies a change in electron-phonon coupling inside RbTi3Bi5 near 150 K, namely a Fano-shaped phonon that suddenly turns into an anti-resonance and a localization peak whose position changes slope, and reads this as the bulk onset of the electronic nematic order previously seen only at surfaces. If correct, the result makes nematic order in this family a bulk, purely electronic phenomenon and shows that phonons can act as fingerprints of that transition.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing object is the band-resolved optical conductivity of the kagome 135 lattice, decomposed into a Drude term for itinerant carriers, a localization peak for carriers transiently trapped by bosonic excitations, Lorentzian interband transitions, and a Fano phonon line. The argument turns on a Fermi-level shift: treating the DFT band energies as needing a uniform downward renormalization of 177 meV to 179 meV reproduces the measured interband spectra and moves the Bi2 $p_z$ states onto the Fermi level around the $A$ point without altering the $k_z = 0$ Fermi surface. The Fano resonance, an asymmetric phonon line shape produced by interference between a discrete phonon and a continuum of electronic excitations, supplies the second mechanism: its sharp evolution into an anti-resonance below 150 K, together with a kink in the localization-peak position, is the paper's evidence for a change in electron-phonon coupling as the system enters the nematic state.

What would settle it

A diffraction or pair-distribution-function scan across 150 K looking for a lattice distortion would settle whether the phonon and localization-peak anomalies are electronic, and a search for the predicted Bi2 $p_z$ pockets around the $A$ point by angle-resolved photoemission or quantum oscillations would settle whether the Fermi-level shift picture is correct.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central discovery is that the low-energy physics of the titanium 135 kagome metals is governed by an interplay between correlated Ti $d$-states and Bi $p$-states, not by the kagome $d$-bands alone. Reproducing the measured optical conductivity requires shifting the DFT Fermi level downward by 177 meV in RbTi3Bi5 and 179 meV in CsTi3Bi5; this shift leaves the $\Gamma$–M–K–$\Gamma$ bands essentially untouched but brings Bi2 $p_z$ states to the Fermi level around the $A$ point, producing two new Fermi-surface sheets and making the observed low-energy absorption arise from transitions between linearly dispersing bands, including a tilted Dirac crossing dominated by Bi1 and Bi2 $p_z$ states. The same data show strong electronic correlations: the experimental intraband spectral weight is only about 40 percent of the DFT value, and the DFT+U prescription fails to place the flat bands correctly, indicating orbital-selective correlations beyond a mean-field treatment. In RbTi3Bi5, a Fano-shaped infrared-active $E_{1u}$ phonon near 200 cm$^{-1}$ and the localization peak both change sharply below 150 K, which the paper interprets as a sudden change in electron-phonon coupling accompanying the onset of bulk nematicity.

Load-bearing premise

The interpretation of the 150 K anomaly as the onset of nematicity rests on the assumption that no structural transition occurs, since a subtle lattice distortion that leaves interband optics, dc transport, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat unchanged could also explain the phonon and localization-peak anomalies.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • The 150 K anomaly in RbTi3Bi5 would establish a bulk electronic transition where only surface-sensitive probes had previously suggested nematicity, making the nematic order a property of the crystal rather than of its surface.
  • The low-energy optical response of the titanium 135 family is dominated by Bi $p_z$ states and tilted Dirac crossings, so theories of these compounds must include non-kagome orbitals rather than treating only the Ti $d$-band manifold.
  • The failure of DFT+U to reproduce the band structure and optical spectra means the correlations in these materials are orbital-selective and require a treatment beyond static mean-field approaches such as DFT+U.
  • Phonon and localization-peak anomalies can serve as bulk fingerprints for electronic instabilities in kagome metals, motivating momentum-dependent phonon measurements.
  • The absence of the 150 K anomaly in CsTi3Bi5, despite a similar low-temperature localization-peak slope, leaves open that nematicity there either is surface-confined or sets in above room temperature.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Editorial inference: If the 150 K transition is genuinely nematic, the Fano phonon's sudden change implies that the electron-phonon coupling strength is tied to the nematic order parameter; a temperature-dependent Raman or inelastic x-ray measurement could look for a corresponding phonon anomaly at the same temperature.
  • Editorial inference: The nearly identical slopes of the CsTi3Bi5 localization peak and of the low-temperature RbTi3Bi5 slope suggest that CsTi3Bi5 may enter a similar state above room temperature; extending optical measurements above 300 K would test this directly.
  • Editorial inference: The paper's Fermi-level shift is equivalent to a nominal hole doping of roughly 0.8 to 0.9 electrons per formula unit, yet the authors attribute it to band renormalization; angle-resolved photoemission mapping of the Bi2 $p_z$ pockets around the $A$ point would discriminate between a true doping effect and a correlation-driven renormalization.
  • Editorial inference: If phonons are fingerprints of nematicity, then uniaxial-stress experiments that tune the nematic transition should also tune the Fano parameter and localization-peak slope, providing a mechanical control knob for the purported transition.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 3 minor

Summary. The paper reports broadband (50-18000 cm^-1) infrared reflectivity measurements on single crystals of RbTi3Bi5 and CsTi3Bi5, from which the optical conductivity is obtained by Kramers-Kronig analysis. The spectra are decomposed into Drude, localization, interband Lorentzian, and (for RbTi3Bi5) Fano phonon contributions. By comparing with DFT band-structure and optical-conductivity calculations, the authors argue that the low-energy interband response is dominated by transitions between linearly dispersing Ti d bands (bands C and D) and by transitions between tilted Dirac bands involving Bi pz orbitals (bands E and F). To reproduce the experimental interband spectra, they apply a rigid downward shift of the Fermi level by 177 meV (RbTi3Bi5) and 179 meV (CsTi3Bi5); this shift also creates new Bi2 pz Fermi-surface pockets around the A point. Finally, they identify a Fano phonon mode near 200 cm^-1 and a localization peak in RbTi3Bi5, both showing anomalies around 150 K, which they suggest may indicate the onset of bulk nematicity. A correlation-strength estimate from the ratio of experimental to DFT intraband spectral weight gives approximately 0.40 for both compounds, in contrast to CsV3Sb5.

Significance. If the central claims hold, the paper delivers new experimental facts about the ATi3Bi5 family: the low-energy optical response is not solely a Ti d-band story, but involves Bi2 pz states that form tilted Dirac crossings and new Fermi-surface pockets around the A point; and a bulk 150 K anomaly in RbTi3Bi5 may be the nematic transition previously seen only by surface-sensitive probes. The experimental work is careful, including explicit handling of sample air sensitivity, and the band-resolved optical-conductivity calculations provide a concrete microscopic assignment of the low-energy interband features. The quantitative comparison of correlation strength across the 135 family is also a useful contribution. However, the two headline claims rest on modeling assumptions that are not fully tested: the Bi2 pz pockets follow from a rigid Fermi-level shift, and the 150 K nematic interpretation is built on the absence of anomalies in other bulk probes. Both are falsifiable and should be explicitly presented as model-dependent unless additional evidence is supplied.

major comments (3)
  1. [Fig. 3(a) and the second paragraph under 'Band structure and optical conductivity calculations'] The new Bi2 pz Fermi-surface pockets around the A point are inferred from a single global Fermi-level shift of -177 meV (Rb) and -179 meV (Cs) applied to all bands. This is load-bearing because the paper itself argues for orbital-selective correlations: the Ti d flat bands are strongly renormalized while the Bi pz-derived tilted Dirac bands are described as the less-correlated partners. A uniform shift therefore conflates a d-band self-energy correction with a chemical-potential shift, and if the true renormalization is orbital-dependent, the A-point pockets may be an artifact of the rigid-shift ansatz. The DFT+U checks in Fig. S10 do not resolve this issue because they shift all Ti d states and are explicitly inconsistent with ARPES. No ARPES or quantum-oscillation data are cited that directly identify these A-point pockets. I recommend either softening the claim to a model-dependent prediction or providing direct experimental confirmation (e.g., ARPES at the A point or quantum oscillations for the new pockets).
  2. [Supplemental Material, 'LOCALIZATION PEAK' section and main text Fig. 4(c)] The localization peak in RbTi3Bi5 is stated in the Supplemental Material to be so sharp that it cannot be fitted with the displaced-Drude model of Eq. S3, and a simple Lorentzian is used instead. The main text nevertheless uses the temperature dependence of this Lorentzian peak position to claim an electron-phonon coupling anomaly at 150 K. This is internally inconsistent: the physical interpretation of the peak as a boson-induced localization peak, and the significance of the slope change in Fig. 4(c), are both tied to a model that is explicitly not applied to RbTi3Bi5. The paper should either show that the simple Lorentzian reproduces the same peak positions as the displaced-Drude model in a regime where the latter applies, or demonstrate that the peak-position anomaly is robust to the choice of background subtraction and fit function.
  3. [Main text, paragraph beginning 'Below 150 K' and the 'absence of a low-temperature anomaly' argument] The interpretation that the 150 K anomaly in RbTi3Bi5 signals the onset of nematicity relies on ruling out a structural transition via the absence of anomalies in interband optical absorption, dc transport, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat. These are negative observations, and the cited references (Refs. [13,16]) are not displayed in the manuscript, so the sensitivity of those probes in the relevant temperature range cannot be judged. The interband-optical statement is also based on the same decomposed fits used to define the phonon and localization anomalies, so it is not an independent check. A subtle lattice distortion that does not appreciably affect these probes could produce the same Fano and localization-peak changes. The claim should be reframed as 'consistent with nematicity' or supported by a direct bulk structural probe (e.g., thermal expansion or diffuse scattering).
minor comments (3)
  1. [Main text, second paragraph of the section discussing Fig. 1(b)] The sentence 'The primary effect of the Fermi level shift is the emergence of Bi2 pz states at the Fermi level around the A point, as illustrated in Fig. 1(a)' appears to refer to the wrong panel; the band structure is in Fig. 1(b) and the Fermi surface in Fig. 3(a).
  2. [Supplemental Material, 'PLASMA FREQUENCY' section] The experimental plasma frequencies carry estimated error bars of 10%, but no corresponding uncertainty is given for the DFT plasma frequencies (4.02 eV and 3.98 eV); a brief statement about the numerical convergence of the DFT values would make the correlation ratio more robust.
  3. [Main text, section 'Band structure and optical conductivity calculations'] The phrase 'a similar downward shift of the Fermi level has also been reported in ARPES measurements for the Cs compound' could be clarified: ARPES measures occupied band positions relative to the Fermi level, not a change in the chemical potential, so the comparison refers to the inferred renormalization of flat-band energies rather than a direct measurement of a Fermi-level shift.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the optical analysis is self-contained, and the Fermi-level shift used in the DFT comparison is an explicitly fitted adjustment with independent ARPES support, not a hidden restatement of the paper's conclusions.

full rationale

The paper's central optical measurement is self-contained: reflectivity is measured directly and converted to optical conductivity via Kramers-Kronig analysis, and the Drude-Lorentz/Fano decomposition is a standard spectral-fit procedure with stated model forms. The low-energy interband response is then compared with DFT-based optical conductivity, which is an external calculation rather than a quantity derived from the data. The Fermi-level shift of -177 meV (Rb) and -179 meV (Cs) is indeed a fitted parameter used to bring DFT into agreement with the measured interband absorption, and the A-point Bi2 pz Fermi-surface pockets are a direct consequence of applying that shift to the calculated band structure. However, this is not circular: the shift is not determined by the A-point pockets themselves, and the paper explicitly labels the Fermi surface as 'constructed from the calculated band structure with the Fermi level shifted down by 177 meV to match the experimental data.' Moreover, the shift is independently motivated by ARPES reports of a similar downward Fermi-level shift in CsTi3Bi5, and the kz=0 Fermi surface is checked against ARPES and quantum-oscillation results. Whether a uniform rigid shift is physically correct, as opposed to an orbital-selective renormalization, is a legitimate model-robustness concern, but it is not a circularity: the A-pocket claim is an extrapolation from an assumed band alignment, not an input used to produce that alignment. The correlation ratio compares experimental and DFT intraband spectral weights rather than deriving one from the other, and the 150 K nematicity inference is an interpretation supported by the absence of structural anomalies in other probes, not a tautology. Self-citations to prior optical studies of AV3Sb5 compounds provide comparison values for other materials and are not load-bearing for the present derivation. No uniqueness theorem or forbidden-alternative argument is imported from the authors' prior work. Overall, the derivation chain is independent of its conclusions, and the main risks are empirical/modeling uncertainties rather than circular reasoning.

Assumptions & free parameters 5 free parameters · 6 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The central claims rest on a handful of fitted parameters and domain assumptions. The Fermi-level shift is the most important free parameter: it is adjusted to match the measured interband conductivity and then used to infer Bi2 pz Fermi-surface pockets and flat-band proximity. The Fano q2, phonon frequency, localization peak position, and experimental plasma frequency are all extracted from model fits to the spectra. The physical interpretation additionally assumes the localization peak is an intraband signature, that PBE+SOC DFT is a valid starting point, that the large Fermi-level shift is correlation renormalization rather than real doping, and that absence of detected structural anomalies rules out a lattice transition. No new particles or forces are introduced.

free parameters (5)
  • Fermi-level shift (chemical potential mu) = -177 meV (RbTi3Bi5), -179 meV (CsTi3Bi5)
    Adjusted so DFT interband optical conductivity matches the measured spectra near 1000 cm-1; the shifted band structure is then used to construct Fermi-surface pockets around the A point and to infer flat-band proximity.
  • Fano coupling parameter q2(T) = Temperature dependent, not tabulated
    Extracted from Fano fits to the ~200 cm-1 phonon; the abrupt change below 150 K is a central piece of evidence for the nematicity interpretation.
  • Phonon frequency omega0(T) = ~200 cm-1 at 300 K, redshift below 150 K
    Fitted Fano resonance parameter; the redshift below 150 K is used as evidence for a change in electron-phonon coupling.
  • Experimental plasma frequency = 2.50 eV (Rb), 2.52 eV (Cs)
    Obtained from the spectral weight of the Drude and localization peaks; the ratio to the DFT plasma frequency (4.02 eV and 3.98 eV) quantifies the correlation strength.
  • Localization peak position vs temperature = Linear red shift with a slope change below ~150 K for RbTi3Bi5
    Peak position extracted from the spectral decomposition (Lorentzian for Rb, Eq. S3 for Cs); the slope anomaly is used as a second signature of the 150 K transition.
assumptions (6)
  • domain assumption PBE exchange-correlation functional with spin-orbit coupling gives a sufficiently accurate band structure to interpret the low-energy optical response.
    Used for all band structures and optical conductivity calculations (Methods, Wien2k). The need for a 177/179 meV Fermi-level shift shows the bare DFT band structure is not quantitatively correct.
  • domain assumption The low-energy absorption peak below 1000 cm-1 is the intraband signature of localized electrons (localization peak) rather than an interband transition.
    Assigned based on the absence of low-energy interband transitions and on prior work on GdMn6Sn6 and KV3Sb5; this model choice determines the temperature-slope anomaly used in the nematicity argument.
  • ad hoc to paper Absence of changes in interband optical absorption, dc transport, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat rules out a structural transition below 150 K.
    Used in the main text around Fig. 4 to argue the phonon anomaly reflects electronic nematicity rather than a lattice transition; this relies on absence of evidence and is the paper's most fragile interpretive step.
  • ad hoc to paper The large downward Fermi-level shift reflects correlation-driven band renormalization rather than real hole doping of about -0.8 to -0.9 e/f.u.
    Stated in the Supplemental Material: such large doping changes could not be caused by defects, impurities, or minor off-stoichiometry. This assumption is needed to treat the shifted band structure as physically meaningful.
  • standard math The Fano profile with parameter q adequately describes the electron-phonon coupled phonon line shape.
    Used to extract the phonon frequency and q2; the Fano model is standard, but the interpretation of q2 as a direct measure of electron-phonon coupling strength depends on the model's validity.
  • domain assumption Hagen-Rubens and x-ray scattering function extrapolations used in Kramers-Kronig analysis do not introduce spurious low-energy spectral features.
    Standard Kramers-Kronig procedure (Supplemental Material), but the low-frequency extrapolation affects the sharp onset of the localization peak that is central to the RbTi3Bi5 anomaly.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Interplay of $d$- and $p$-states in RbTi$_3$Bi$_5$ and CsTi$_3$Bi$_5$ flat-band kagome metals." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/4DGCREDB

@misc{pith2026250118389,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Interplay of $d$- and $p$-states in RbTi$_3$Bi$_5$ and CsTi$_3$Bi$_5$ flat-band kagome metals},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/4DGCREDB}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2501.18389}
}
abstract

Shifting the Fermi level of the celebrated $AM_3X_5$ (135) compounds into proximity of flat bands strongly enhances electronic correlations and severely affects the formation of density waves and superconductivity. Our broadband infrared spectroscopy measurements of RbTi$_3$Bi$_5$ and CsTi$_3$Bi$_5$ combined with density-functional band-structure calculations reveal that the correlated Ti $d$-states are intricately coupled with the Bi $p$-states that form a tilted Dirac crossing. Electron-phonon coupling manifests itself in the strong damping of itinerant carriers and in the anomalous shape of the phonon line in RbTi$_3$Bi$_5$. An anomaly in these spectral features around 150 K can be paralleled to the onset of nematicity detected by low-temperature probes. Our findings show that the materials with low band filling open unexplored directions in the physics of kagome metals and involve electronic states of different nature strongly coupled with lattice dynamics.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2501.18389 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. FIG. 1. (a) Temperature-dependent real part of the in-plane opti [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. FIG. 2. Comparison of the optical response of RbTi [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. FIG. 4. (a) Ratio of the experimental and DFT-based intra [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_4.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (1 more)
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. (a) Fermi surface of RbTi [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_3.png]

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

60 extracted references · 44 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    S. D. Wilson and B. R. Ortiz, A V 3Sb5 kagome supercon- ductors, Nat. Rev. Mater. 9, 420 (2024)

    work page 2024

  2. [2]

    Nguyen and M

    T. Nguyen and M. Li, Electronic properties of correlated kagom´ e metalsAV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, and Cs): A per- spective, J. Appl. Phys. 131, 060901 (2022)

    work page 2022

  3. [3]

    Jiang, T

    K. Jiang, T. Wu, J.-X. Yin, Z. Wang, M. Z. Hasan, S. D. Wilson, X. Chen, and J. Hu, Kagome superconductors A V3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs), Natl. Sci. Rev. 10, nwac199 (2022)

    work page 2022

  4. [4]

    Neupert, M

    T. Neupert, M. M. Denner, J.-X. Yin, R. Thomale, and M. Z. Hasan, Charge order and superconductivity in kagome materials, Nat. Phys. 18, 137 (2022)

    2022

  5. [5]

    M. M. Denner, R. Thomale, and T. Neupert, Analysis of Charge Order in the Kagome Metal AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs), Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 217601 (2021)

    work page 2021

  6. [6]

    M. L. Kiesel, C. Platt, and R. Thomale, Unconven- tional Fermi Surface Instabilities in the Kagome Hubbard Model, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 126405 (2013)

    2013

  7. [7]

    T. Park, M. Ye, and L. Balents, Electronic instabilities of kagome metals: Saddle points and Landau theory, Phys. Rev. B 104, 035142 (2021)

    2021

  8. [8]

    Wang, Z.-Z

    W.-S. Wang, Z.-Z. Li, Y.-Y. Xiang, and Q.-H. Wang, Competing electronic orders on kagome lattices at van Hove filling, Phys. Rev. B 87, 115135 (2013)

    2013

Show all 60 references
  1. [9]

    J. B. Profe, L. Klebl, F. Grandi, H. Hohmann, M. D¨ urrnagel, T. Schwemmer, R. Thomale, and D. M. Kennes, Kagome Hubbard model from a functional renor- malization group perspective, Phys. Rev. Res. 6, 043078 (2024)

    2024

  2. [10]

    Yi, X.-Y

    X.-W. Yi, X.-Y. Ma, Z. Zhang, Z.-W. Liao, J.-Y. You, and G. Su, Large kagome family candidates with topolog- ical superconductivity and charge density waves, Phys. Rev. B 106, L220505 (2022)

    2022

  3. [11]

    Physikalisches Institut, Universit¨ at Stuttgart, 7056 9 Stuttgart, Germany 2Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Be am Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany 3Felix Bloch Institute for Solid-State Physics, Leipzig Uni versity, 04103 Leipzig, ...

    2025 arXiv

  4. [12]

    J. Si, L. Shi, B. Chen, H. Yang, J. Xu, M. Liu, and S. Meng, Coexistence of superconductivity and topolog- ical phase in kagome metals ANb3Bi5 (A = K, Rb, Cs), npj Comput. Mater. 10, 96 (2024)

    2024

  5. [13]

    Liu, Z.-Y

    Y. Liu, Z.-Y. Liu, J.-K. Bao, P.-T. Yang, L.-W. Ji, S.- Q. Wu, Q.-X. Shen, J. Luo, J. Yang, J.-Y. Liu, C.-C. Xu, W.-Z. Yang, W.-L. Chai, J.-Y. Lu, C.-C. Liu, B.-S. Wang, H. Jiang, Q. Tao, Z. Ren, X.-F. Xu, C. Cao, Z.-A. Xu, R. Zhou, J.-G. Cheng, and G.-H. Cao, Superconduc- tiv...

    2024

  6. [14]

    Werhahn, B

    D. Werhahn, B. R. Ortiz, A. K. Hay, S. D. Wilson, R. Se- shadri, and D. Johrendt, The kagom´ e metals RbTi 3Bi5 and CsTi 3Bi5, Z. Naturforsch. B 77, 757 (2022)

    2022

  7. [15]

    Y. Hu, C. Le, X. Wu, and M. Shi, Topological electronic structure and electronic nematicity in candidate kagome superconductors, ATi3Bi5 (A = Rb, Cs), Supercond. Sci. Technol. 37, 123004 (2024)

    2024

  8. [16]

    See Supplemental Material at for experimental details, data analysis, and additional computational results (see, also, references [ 52–58] therein)

  9. [17]

    Y. Wang, Y. Liu, Z. Hao, W. Cheng, J. Deng, Y. Wang, Y. Gu, X.-M. Ma, H. Rong, F. Zhang, S. Guo, C. Zhang, Z. Jiang, Y. Yang, W. Liu, Q. Jiang, Z. Liu, M. Ye, D. Shen, Y. Liu, S. Cui, L. Wang, C. Liu, J. Lin, Y. Liu, Y. Cai, J. Zhu, C. Chen, and J.-W. Mei, Flat Band and Z2 Top...

    2023

  10. [18]

    Liu, M.-Q

    B. Liu, M.-Q. Kuang, Y. Luo, Y. Li, C. Hu, J. Liu, Q. Xiao, X. Zheng, L. Huai, S. Peng, Z. Wei, J. Shen, B. Wang, Y. Miao, X. Sun, Z. Ou, S. Cui, Z. Sun, M. Hashimoto, D. Lu, C. Jozwiak, A. Bostwick, E. Rotenberg, L. Moreschini, A. Lanzara, Y. Wang, Y. Peng, Y. Yao, Z. Wang, a...

    2023

  11. [19]

    H. Yang, Y. Ye, Z. Zhao, J. Liu, X.-W. Yi, Y. Zhang, H. Xiao, J. Shi, J.-Y. You, Z. Huang, B. Wang, J. Wang, H. Guo, X. Lin, C. Shen, W. Zhou, H. Chen, X. Dong, G. Su, Z. Wang, and H.-J. Gao, Superconductivity and nematic order in a new titanium-based kagome metal CsTi3Bi5 wit...

    2024

  12. [20]

    Y. Hu, C. Le, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhao, J. Liu, J. Ma, N. C. Plumb, M. Radovic, H. Chen, A. P. Schnyder, X. Wu, X. Dong, J. Hu, H. Yang, H.-J. Gao, and M. Shi, Non- trivial band topology and orbital-selective electronic ne- maticity in a titanium-based kagome superconductor, Nat. Phy...

    2023

  13. [21]

    H. Li, M. Ikeda, A. Suzuki, T. Taguchi, Y. Zhang, H. Goto, R. Eguchi, Y.-F. Liao, H. Ishii, and Y. Kubo- zono, Pressure dependence of superconductivity in alkali- Bi compounds KBi 2 and RbBi 2, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 24, 7185 (2022)

    2022

  14. [22]

    Sankaralingam, S

    S. Sankaralingam, S. M. Jaya, and R. Asokamani, Studies on the electronic structure and superconducting behavior of the intermetallic compounds ABi 2 (A = K, Rb, Cs), J. Low Temp. Phys. 88, 1 (1992)

    1992

  15. [23]

    W. Wu, X. Bai, X. Wang, D. Liu, Z. Zeng, and L. Zou, Pressure-tuning topological phase transitions in Kagome superconductor CsTi 3Bi5 (2024), arXiv:2403.16119

    2024 arXiv

  16. [24]

    J. Y. Nie, X. F. Yang, X. Zhang, X. Q. Liu, W. Xia, D. Z. Dai, C. C. Zhao, C. P. Tu, X. M. Kong, X. B. Jin, Y. F. Guo, and S. Y. Li, Pressure-induced double-dome superconductivity in kagome metal CsTi 3Bi5 (2023), arXiv:2308.10129

    2023 arXiv

  17. [25]

    H. Li, S. Cheng, B. R. Ortiz, H. Tan, D. Werhahn, K. Zeng, D. Johrendt, B. Yan, Z. Wang, S. D. Wilson, and I. Zeljkovic, Electronic nematicity without charge density waves in titanium-based kagome metal, Nat. Phys. 19, 1591 (2023)

    2023

  18. [26]

    Jiang, Z

    Z. Jiang, Z. Liu, H. Ma, W. Xia, Z. Liu, J. Liu, S. Cho, Y. Yang, J. Ding, J. Liu, Z. Huang, Y. Qiao, J. Shen, W. Jing, X. Liu, J. Liu, Y. Guo, and D. Shen, Flat bands, non-trivial band topology and rotation symmetry break- ing in layered kagome-lattice RbTi 3Bi5, Nat. Commun....

    2023

  19. [27]

    C. Bigi, M. D¨ urrnagel, L. Klebl, A. Consiglio, G. Pokharel, F. Bertran, P. L. F´ evre, T. Jaouen, H. C. Tchouekem, P. Turban, A. D. Vita, J. A. Miwa, J. W. Wells, D. Oh, R. Comin, R. Thomale, I. Zeljkovic, B. R. Ortiz, S. D. Wilson, G. Sangiovanni, F. Maz- zola, and D. D. Sa...

    2024 arXiv

  20. [28]

    Blaha, K

    P. Blaha, K. Schwarz, G. Madsen, D. Kvasnicka, J. Luitz, R. Laskowski, F. Tran, and L. Marks, WIEN2k, An Aug- mented Plane Wave + Local Orbitals Program for Cal- culating Crystal Properties (Karlheinz Schwarz, Techn. Universit¨ at Wien, Austria), 2018. ISBN 3-9501031-1-2

    2018

  21. [29]

    Blaha, K

    P. Blaha, K. Schwarz, F. Tran, R. Laskowski, G. K. H. Madsen, and L. D. Marks, WIEN2k: An APW+lo pro- gram for calculating the properties of solids, J. Chem. Phys. 152, 074101 (2020)

    2020

  22. [30]

    J. P. Perdew, K. Burke, and M. Ernzerhof, Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865 (1996)

    1996

  23. [31]

    Ambrosch-Draxl and J

    C. Ambrosch-Draxl and J. O. Sofo, Linear optical prop- erties of solids within the full-potential linearized aug- mented planewave method, Comput. Phys. Commun. 175, 1 (2006)

    2006

  24. [32]

    Wenzel, B

    M. Wenzel, B. R. Ortiz, S. D. Wilson, M. Dressel, A. A. Tsirlin, and E. Uykur, Optical study of RbV 3Sb5: Multi- ple density-wave gaps and phonon anomalies, Phys. Rev. B 105, 245123 (2022)

    2022

  25. [33]

    Uykur, B

    E. Uykur, B. R. Ortiz, O. Iakutkina, M. Wenzel, S. D. Wilson, M. Dressel, and A. A. Tsirlin, Low-energy optical properties of the nonmagnetic kagome metal CsV 3Sb5, Phys. Rev. B 104, 045130 (2021)

    2021

  26. [34]

    Uykur, B

    E. Uykur, B. R. Ortiz, S. D. Wilson, M. Dressel, and A. A. Tsirlin, Optical detection of the density-wave insta- bility in the kagome metal KV 3Sb5, npj Quantum Mater. 7, 16 (2022)

    2022

  27. [35]

    Fratini, S

    S. Fratini, S. Ciuchi, and D. Mayou, Phenomenological model for charge dynamics and optical response of dis- ordered systems: Application to organic semiconductors, Phys. Rev. B 89, 235201 (2014)

    2014

  28. [36]

    Fratini and S

    S. Fratini and S. Ciuchi, Displaced Drude peak and bad metal from the interaction with slow fluctuations., Sci- Post Phys. 11, 039 (2021)

    2021

  29. [37]

    J. Yang, X. Yi, Z. Zhao, Y. Xie, T. Miao, H. Luo, H. Chen, B. Liang, W. Zhu, Y. Ye, J.-Y. You, B. Gu, S. Zhang, F. Zhang, F. Yang, Z. Wang, Q. Peng, H. Mao, G. Liu, Z. Xu, H. Chen, H. Yang, G. Su, H. Gao, L. Zhao, and X. J. Zhou, Observation of flat band, Dirac nodal lines and ...

    2023

  30. [38]

    Z. Dong, L. Shi, B. Wang, M. Huo, X. Huang, C. Huang, P. Ma, Y. Zhang, B. Shen, and M. Wang, The de Haas–van Alphen quantum oscillations in the kagome metal RbTi 3Bi5, Chin. Phys. B 33, 107102 (2024)

    2024

  31. [39]

    Rehfuss, C

    Z. Rehfuss, C. Broyles, D. Graf, Y. Li, H. Tan, Z. Zhao, J. Liu, Y. Zhang, X. Dong, H. Yang, H. Gao, B. Yan, and S. Ran, Quantum oscillations in kagome metals CsTi 3Bi5 and RbTi 3Bi5, Phys. Rev. Mater. 8, 024003 (2024)

    2024

  32. [40]

    F. Xie, Y. Fang, Y. Li, Y. Huang, L. Chen, C. Setty, S. Sur, B. Yakobson, R. Valent ´ ı, and Q. Si, Electron cor- relations in the kagome flat band metal CsCr 3Sb5 (2024), arXiv:2403.03911

    2024 arXiv

  33. [41]

    Y. Guo, Z. Wang, F. Xie, Y. Huang, B. Gao, J. S. Oh, H. Wu, Z. Liu, Z. Ren, Y. Fang, A. Biswas, Y. Zhang, Z. Yue, C. Hu, C. Jozwiak, A. Bostwick, E. Rotenberg, M. Hashimoto, D. Lu, J. Kono, J.-H. Chu, B. I. Yakob- son, R. J. Birgeneau, Q. Si, P. Dai, and M. Yi, Ubiqui- tous Fl...

    2024

  34. [42]

    Y. Li, Y. Liu, X. Du, S. Wu, W. Zhao, K. Zhai, Y. Hu, S. Zhang, H. Chen, J. Liu, Y. Yang, C. Peng, M. Hashimoto, D. Lu, Z. Liu, Y. Wang, Y. Chen, G. Cao, and L. Yang, Correlated Electronic Structure and Incipi- ent Flat Bands of the Kagome Superconductor CsCr 3Sb5, Nat. Commun...

    2025

  35. [43]

    Kawamura, FermiSurfer: Fermi-surface viewer pro- viding multiple representation schemes, Comput

    M. Kawamura, FermiSurfer: Fermi-surface viewer pro- viding multiple representation schemes, Comput. Phys. Commun. 239, 197 (2019)

    2019

  36. [44]

    Y. Shao, A. N. Rudenko, J. Hu, Z. Sun, Y. Zhu, S. Moon, A. J. Millis, S. Yuan, A. I. Lichtenstein, D. Smirnov, Z. Q. Mao, M. I. Katsnelson, and D. N. Basov, Electronic correlations in nodal-line semimetals, Nat. Phys. 16, 636 (2020)

    2020

  37. [45]

    M. M. Qazilbash, J. J. Hamlin, R. E. Baumbach, L. Zhang, D. J. Singh, M. B. Maple, and D. N. Basov, Electronic correlations in the iron pnictides, Nat. Phys. 5, 647 (2009) . 7

    2009

  38. [46]

    Rammal, A

    H. Rammal, A. Ralko, S. Ciuchi, and S. Fratini, Transient Localization from the Interaction with Quantum Bosons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 266502 (2024)

    2024

  39. [47]

    Biswas, O

    A. Biswas, O. Iakutkina, Q. Wang, H. C. Lei, M. Dressel, and E. Uykur, Spin-Reorientation-Induced Band Gap in Fe3Sn2: Optical Signatures of Weyl Nodes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 076403 (2020)

    2020

  40. [48]

    Wenzel, A

    M. Wenzel, A. A. Tsirlin, F. Capitani, Y. T. Chan, B. R. Ortiz, S. D. Wilson, M. Dressel, and E. Uykur, Pres- sure evolution of electron dynamics in the superconduct- ing kagome metal CsV 3Sb5, npj Quantum Mater. 8, 45 (2023)

    2023

  41. [49]

    A. A. Tsirlin, P. Fertey, B. R. Ortiz, B. Klis, V. Merkl, M. Dressel, S. D. Wilson, and E. Uykur, Role of Sb in the superconducting kagome metal CsV 3Sb5 revealed by its anisotropic compression, SciPost Phys. 12, 049 (2022)

    2022

  42. [50]

    Mozaffari, W

    S. Mozaffari, W. R. Meier, R. P. Madhogaria, N. Peshcherenko, S.-H. Kang, J. W. Villanova, H. W. S. Arachchige, G. Zheng, Y. Zhu, K.-W. Chen, K. Jenk- ins, D. Zhang, A. Chan, L. Li, M. Yoon, Y. Zhang, and D. G. Mandrus, Universal sublinear resistivity in vana- dium kagome mater...

    2024

  43. [51]

    Peshcherenko, N

    N. Peshcherenko, N. Mao, C. Felser, and Y. Zhang, Sublinear transport in Kagome metals: Interplay of Dirac cones and Van Hove singularities (2024), arXiv:2404.11612

    2024 arXiv

  44. [52]

    L. Cao, X. Liu, J. Cheng, B. Gao, X. Zhang, Y. Guo, F. Ma, and R. Chen, Infrared spectroscopy study of the kagome material CsTi 3Bi5, Phys. Rev. B 111, 075147 (2025)

    2025

  45. [53]

    D. B. Tanner, Use of x-ray scattering functions in Kramers-Kronig analysis of reflectance, Phys. Rev. B 91, 035123 (2015)

    2015

  46. [54]

    Momma and F

    K. Momma and F. Izumi, VESTA: a three-dimensional visualization system for electronic and structural analy- sis, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 41, 653 (2008)

    2008

  47. [55]

    C. C. Homes, M. Reedyk, D. A. Cradles, and T. Timusk, Technique for measuring the reflectance of irregular, submillimeter-sized samples, Appl. Opt. 32, 2976 (1993)

    1993

  48. [56]

    Dressel and G

    M. Dressel and G. Gr¨ uner, Electrodynamics of Solids: Optical Properties of Electrons in Matter (Cambridge University Press, 2002)

    2002

  49. [57]

    Fano, Effects of Configuration Interaction on Intensi- ties and Phase Shifts, Phys

    U. Fano, Effects of Configuration Interaction on Intensi- ties and Phase Shifts, Phys. Rev. 124, 1866 (1961)

    1961

  50. [58]

    Wenzel, A

    M. Wenzel, A. A. Tsirlin, O. Iakutkina, Q. Yin, H. C. Lei, M. Dressel, and E. Uykur, Effect of magnetism and phonons on localized carriers in the ferrimagnetic kagome metals GdMn 6Sn6 and TbMn 6Sn6, Phys. Rev. B 106, L241108 (2022)

    2022

  51. [59]

    Kresse and J

    G. Kresse and J. Furthm¨ uller, Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set, Phys. Rev. B 54, 11169 (1996) . Supplemental Material for ”Interplay of d- and p-states in RbTi 3Bi5 and CsTi 3Bi5 flat-band kagome metals” M. Wenzel,...

    1996

  52. [60]

    Physikalisches Institut, Universit¨ at Stuttgart, 7056 9 Stuttgart, Germany 2Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Be am Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany 3Felix Bloch Institute for Solid-State Physics, Leipzig Uni versity, 04103 Leipzig, ...

    2008

Pith tools

Reviewed August 9, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.