Pith. sign in

REVIEW 4 major objections 6 minor 1 cited by

Efficiently Laser Driven Terahertz Surface Plasmon Polaritons on Long Metal Wire

T0 review · 4 major / 6 minor · reviewed 2026-08-08 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read A 3 mJ subrelativistic laser focused on the midpoint of a long thin metal wire produces single-cycle, ten-megawatt terahertz surface plasmon polaritons with a laser-to-SPP efficiency around 2.4%, claimed as highest reported, via coherent…

desk verdict Solid demonstration of subrelativistic-laser-driven THz wire SPPs, but the headline efficiency and power claims crash into the energy budget and an unmeasured correction factor. read the letter →

arxiv 2502.08048 v2 pith:NJNCJQSR submitted 2025-02-12 physics.optics hep-ex

Shuoting Shao , Xiangbing Wang , Rong Huang , Guangyue Hu , Min Chen , Huibo Tang , Longyu Kuang , Yuxi Liu
show 5 more authors
Yuqiu Gu Yongkun Ding Ruxin Li Hongbin Zhuo Mingyang Yu
This is my paper · ORCID
classification physics.opticshep-ex
keywords terahertzsurfaceplasmonpolaritonsmetalwirewaveguidecoherenttransitionradiationsubrelativisticlasersingle-cyclepulsesSommerfeldmodelaser-plasmainteractionPICsimulation
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper reports a way to turn a modest tabletop laser into an intense guided terahertz source: focus a 3 mJ, subrelativistic femtosecond pulse on the midpoint of a meter-long, 30-micron-diameter metal wire. The laser expels hot electrons that, as they cross the wire surface, emit coherent transition radiation; that radiation is radially polarized and couples into surface plasmon polaritons that travel in both directions along the wire. Measured free-space THz energy at the wire ends, corrected by an assumed end-reflection factor, gives a laser-to-SPP conversion efficiency around 2.4% and SPP power above 10 MW, which the authors call the highest value at present. A single-cycle pulse of about 5 ps duration, centered near 0.2 THz, propagates over 25 cm. If the efficiency and power figures hold, intense guided THz pulses would be reachable with subrelativistic lasers rather than relativistic lasers or accelerators.

What carries the argument

The machine is a subwavelength-diameter, meter-long metal wire acting as a waveguide for a Sommerfeld surface mode, defined as the radially polarized guided electromagnetic mode on a cylindrical metal wire. The laser-expelled electron bunch crossing the wire surface emits coherent transition radiation: radiation emitted when a charged-particle bunch crosses a boundary between media, here the wire surface, adding coherently because the bunch is short compared with the terahertz wavelength. Because the emitted THz is radially polarized and the wire supports a radially polarized surface mode, the free-space radiation couples into SPPs without an additional coupler. The key quantitative relation is the coherent transition radiation spectrum, whose integration over angles up to 10 degrees reproduces the sharp drop in SPP field as electron kinetic energy rises from 80 keV to 3 MeV, and the thin-wire condition $D/2 < \gamma\lambda$ that suppresses transverse radiation and enhances axial coupling.

What would settle it

Directly measure the SPP energy traveling on the wire before it reaches the end, for instance by electro-optic sampling of the evanescent field along the wire or by a calibrated out-coupler placed before the end, and compare the total guided energy with the claimed 2.4% laser-to-SPP efficiency. If the guided energy matches the uncorrected free-space value of about 0.8% of the laser energy, the ten-megawatt and 'highest value' claims would need revision.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central discovery is that subrelativistic laser-driven hot electrons, not relativistic electrons, are better suited for exciting intense THz surface plasmon polaritons on thin wires, and the mechanism is coherent transition radiation at the wire surface. Experiments with pyroelectric and electro-optic detection show bidirectional SPPs with a symmetric forward-to-backward ratio regardless of asymmetries in the guided electrons; blocking the guided electrons with a Teflon sheet does not suppress the SPPs, ruling out guided-electron undulator, SPP amplification, and current-antenna models. Particle-in-cell and full-wave electromagnetic simulations reproduce the spectra and field profiles, and the coherent transition radiation formula integrated over small angles fits the measured field versus electron energy. The paper concludes that the more than 80% of electrons ejected perpendicular to the wire produce radially polarized THz radiation that transforms into a Sommerfeld surface mode on the wire without coupling loss.

Load-bearing premise

The efficiency and power figures rest on a measured free-space THz energy at each wire end of about 12 microjoules, multiplied by a factor of three because the authors assume about two-thirds of the SPP power is reflected back at the ends; that reflection factor is not directly measured, and the 2.4% efficiency, the more-than-10-MW power, and the 'highest value' comparison all change linearly with it.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Guided, single-cycle THz pulses at more than 10 MW peak power can be generated with a standard 3 mJ tabletop laser rather than a relativistic laser or an accelerator.
  • The same wire delivers pulses in both directions over at least 25 cm, so a single laser shot can feed two remote interaction points.
  • Because the THz field is radially polarized and guided as a Sommerfeld mode, it can reach subwavelength-scale regions without the diffraction and focusing losses of free-space THz beams.
  • The efficiency and power follow the coherent transition radiation model, which predicts that subrelativistic electron energies and thin wires are optimal, giving a quantitative rule for choosing laser and wire parameters.
  • The scheme is aimed at integrated THz devices such as endoscopic THz systems, nonlinear THz pump-probe setups, and waveguide-based THz accelerators.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If the assumed one-third transmission at the wire ends is confirmed by direct measurement, the same mechanism should work with higher-energy lasers: since the coherent transition radiation efficiency depends on electron energy and bunch parameters rather than directly on laser intensity, scaling to multi-tens-of-millijoule drivers could push guided THz power toward the terawatt level the paper men
  • The coherent transition radiation picture suggests an optimal laser intensity window: intense enough to expel a dense, short electron bunch but not so intense that electrons become relativistic and radiate preferentially perpendicular to the wire; intensity scans across $10^{16}$ to $10^{18}$ W/cm$^2$ on wires of varying diameter would test this.
  • The same mechanism may unify earlier reports of SPP amplification and helical-undulator emission, implying that wire-end and wire-edge diffraction radiation, rather than the guided electrons themselves, set the observed yield in those experiments.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

4 major / 6 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports experimental observation of bidirectional terahertz surface plasmon polaritons (THz SPPs) on a 30-µm, 50-cm tungsten wire driven by a 3 mJ, 40 fs, subrelativistic (a0 = 0.3) laser pulse focused at the wire midpoint. From pyroelectric measurements the authors infer about 24 µJ of free-space THz radiation emitted from the two wire ends, and by applying an assumed factor of three for end reflection they claim roughly 72 µJ of on-wire SPP energy, a laser-to-SPP conversion efficiency of about 2.4%, and more than 10 MW of SPP power. The SPP excitation is attributed to coherent transition radiation (CTR) from laser-expelled electrons crossing the wire surface. The evidence includes Teflon-blocking control experiments, PIC simulation of the laser-plasma interaction, CST simulation of SPP generation, and an analytical CTR scaling law. The control experiments are effective in excluding guided-electron, return-current, and backside-electron mechanisms, and the proposed CTR mechanism is plausible.

Significance. If the quantitative claims can be secured, this is a significant advance: intense, guided, single-cycle THz SPPs would be generated with a modest tabletop subrelativistic laser rather than a relativistic laser or accelerator, and the identification of CTR as the coupling mechanism is physically interesting. The paper's strengths are the carefully designed control experiments, the qualitative agreement between PIC, CST, and experiment, and the use of an analytical CTR formula to explain the electron-energy dependence. However, the headline efficiency, the ten-megawatt power figure, and the 'highest value at present' claim all depend on an unmeasured end-reflection correction and on an absolute energy calibration that is not documented with uncertainties. These load-bearing points need to be addressed before the central quantitative claim can be accepted.

major comments (4)
  1. [§III, paragraph beginning 'The total energy of the free-space THz radiation'] The central quantitative claims—72 µJ on-wire SPP energy, 2.4% laser-to-SPP efficiency, and more than 10 MW of SPP power—are obtained by multiplying the measured free-space energy (~2 × 12 µJ) by a factor of three, based on the statement that 'about 2/3' of the SPP power is reflected at the wire ends. No direct measurement, end-geometry simulation, literature value, or uncertainty estimate is provided for this reflection factor for the specific 30-µm tungsten wire and the 0.2 THz Sommerfeld mode. Because every headline number scales linearly with this factor, the quantitative claims are not yet supported. Please either measure the end reflection (for example, by comparing the on-wire SPP field before and after the end, or by using a calibrated end taper) or restrict the stated efficiency to the measured free-space energy.
  2. [§IV, Simulation Setup] The CST input electron bunch is specified as 0.5 nC at 80 keV, which corresponds to a total kinetic energy of about 40 µJ (0.5 nC / e ≈ 3.1 × 10^9 electrons, times 80 keV per electron). Section III claims 72 µJ of on-wire SPP energy, which is larger than the total energy of the electron bunch used as the source in the CST simulation. This is an internal inconsistency: unless an additional energy-conversion channel is involved, the stated SPP energy cannot exceed the available electron kinetic energy. The manuscript should resolve this discrepancy quantitatively, either by revising the reflection factor, by using a larger electron charge consistent with the experiment, or by explicitly identifying and modeling an additional energy source.
  3. [§III, energy measurement paragraph] The absolute free-space energy of ~2 × 12 µJ is reported without error bars, without a detector calibration procedure, and without a description of how the hollow-cone angular distribution (opening angle ~20°, Fig. 1(d)) is integrated over the TPX lens acceptance. Since the collected fraction depends on the lens angular aperture and the transverse position of the detector, the absolute energy and hence the derived efficiency need a documented uncertainty budget. Please report the calibration of the pyroelectric detector and electro-optic system, the angular integration procedure, and the resulting uncertainty on the 24 µJ free-space energy.
  4. [§IV, Simulation Setup and 'Agreements between Simulation and Experiments'] The CST electron-bunch parameters (0.5 nC, 2.4 ps, 80 keV, 30° divergence) are stated as inputs without demonstrating that they are independently determined by the PIC simulation or by the measured electron angular and energy distributions. If these parameters were adjusted to reproduce the THz observations, then the agreement in Fig. 1(c) is partly circular. Please provide the PIC-derived bunch parameters and a sensitivity study over charge, duration, energy, and divergence to show that the simulation predictions are robust and not fitted to the measured THz signal.
minor comments (6)
  1. [Abstract and §V] The phrase 'should thus be useful to applications requiring terawatt level single-cycle THz SPPs' overstates the demonstrated power; the paper reports more than 10 MW, not terawatt level. Please either remove 'terawatt level' or clearly label it as a scaling projection.
  2. [Abstract] The wording 'It is proved that the THz SPPs are excited by coherent transition radiation' is too strong for an experimental inference; 'consistent with' or 'supported by' would be more appropriate.
  3. [§IV and §III headings] Please fix typographical errors: 'charge 0.5nc' should read '0.5 nC', the heading 'Mearsurement of expelled hot electrons' should read 'Measurement', and 'the THz energy blow the measurement threshold' should read 'below the measurement threshold'.
  4. [§III] The notation '2 × 12 µJ' is ambiguous; please specify explicitly that this means 12 µJ per wire end, 24 µJ total.
  5. [§IV, around Eq. (3)] The statement that the CTR-to-SPP transformation is 'free from coupling loss' appears inconsistent with the use of a 10° integration window in Eq. (3), which is itself an angular acceptance restriction. Please quantify the fraction of CTR energy collected by this window and discuss it as a coupling efficiency.
  6. [Fig. 5(a)] The comparison in Fig. 5(a) is of normalized SPP electric field, not laser-to-SPP conversion efficiency; the 'highest value at present' claim in Section III should be supported by a direct efficiency comparison or explicitly reinterpreted as an electric-field comparison.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the derivation chain is self-contained, with the caveat that the absolute SPP-energy calibration rests on an unmeasured 2/3 end-reflection factor, which is a calibration risk rather than a circular reduction.

full rationale

The claimed 2.4% laser-to-SPP efficiency is obtained by multiplying the measured free-space THz energy at the wire ends (~2×12 µJ after TPX lens and silicon-wafer transmission corrections) by a factor of three, justified by the statement that 'about 2/3' of the SPP power is reflected at the wire ends. This is an assumed physical calibration constant, not a parameter fitted to the same data and then renamed as a prediction; no equation in the paper defines the SPP energy in terms of the free-space energy such that the conclusion is forced by the input. The mechanistic claim that the THz SPPs arise from coherent transition radiation of laser-expelled electrons is independently supported: Teflon blocking of guided electrons leaves the THz signals unchanged, the measured initial angular distribution shows more than 80% of the electrons emitted normal to the wire, and the CST simulation takes its electron-bunch parameters from the PIC simulation rather than from the THz observations. The CTR comparison uses standard external formulas and is a consistency check, not a self-citation chain. The only self-citations (refs. [40] and [61]) appear as alternative mechanisms that are excluded or as background; they are not load-bearing. The serious caveats—the unmeasured 2/3 reflection factor, the lack of stated uncertainty on the free-space energy, and the apparent inconsistency between the claimed 72 µJ of SPP energy and the stated 40 µJ of CST electron-bunch energy—are correctness and calibration risks, not circularity.

Assumptions & free parameters 4 free parameters · 4 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The headline efficiency rests on an assumed end-reflection correction and on simulation inputs (bunch charge, duration, energy, divergence) that are tuned to match the observed signals. The CTR explanation uses a standard formula, but the quantitative comparison relies on a chosen 10-degree coupling window and an unspecified bunch radius.

free parameters (4)
  • Wire-end SPP reflection correction factor = about 2/3 reflected, i.e., on-wire SPP energy inferred as 3x measured end radiation
    Used in Section III to convert 2x12 uJ of free-space end radiation into a 2.4% laser-to-SPP efficiency and >10 MW SPP power. Not directly measured and no error bar is given.
  • CTR-to-SPP angular acceptance window = 0 to 10 degrees
    Eq. (3) integrates the CTR formula only over a 10-degree cone around the wire axis, described as the angle range that couples efficiently into the radially polarized SPP mode. The cutoff is chosen to fit the simulation and experiment trend in Fig. 5(a), not derived from a mode-coupling calculation.
  • CST electron-bunch parameters = charge 0.5 nC, duration 2.4 ps, velocity 0.5c (80 keV), divergence 30 degrees
    Input to the CST simulation used to reproduce the measured THz SPP spectra and field profiles in Section IV. These parameters are taken from PIC and are not independently measured for absolute charge, so the simulation confirms shape rather than absolute efficiency.
  • CTR bunch transverse radius a = not stated
    Appears in the form-factor exponential in Eq. (2); no value is given in the main text, so the quantitative fit of Fig. 5(a) is not fully specified.
assumptions (4)
  • domain assumption The coherent transition radiation formula for an infinite plane, Eq. (2), applies to electrons crossing a thin wire surface.
    The paper states the wire CTR spectrum is similar to that for crossing an infinite plane and integrates it over a 10-degree window. The validity of this approximation for a subwavelength-diameter wire is assumed, not demonstrated.
  • domain assumption Free-space THz radiation within 10 degrees of the wire axis couples losslessly to the radially polarized Sommerfeld SPP mode.
    Used to identify the angular window in Eq. (3); no mode-coupling calculation or reflection analysis is given.
  • domain assumption About two-thirds of the SPP power is reflected at the wire ends.
    Used to scale measured end radiation to on-wire SPP energy in Section III; no measurement of the reflection coefficient is presented in the main text.
  • domain assumption Teflon-sheet blocking of guided electrons does not alter the laser-wire interaction or the conversion of laser energy to escaping electrons.
    The control experiments in Section III rely on this to conclude that SPPs are not produced by guided electrons.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Efficiently Laser Driven Terahertz Surface Plasmon Polaritons on Long Metal Wire." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/NJNCJQSR

@misc{pith2026250208048,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Efficiently Laser Driven Terahertz Surface Plasmon Polaritons on Long Metal Wire},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/NJNCJQSR}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2502.08048}
}
read the original abstract

We experimentally demonstrate a novel scheme for efficiently generating intense terahertz (THz) surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on a sub-wavelength-diameter meter-long metal wire. Driven by a subrelativistic femtosecond laser (a0=0.3, 3 mJ) focused at the wire's midpoint, single-cycle ten-megawatt THz SPPs are excited and propagating bidirectionally along it over 25 cm. The measured laser-to-SPPs energy conversion efficiency is reaching up to ~2.4%, which is the highest value at present. It is proved that the THz SPPs are excited by coherent transition radiation of the subrelativistic laser produced escaping electrons. Particle-in-cell together with CST simulations confirm the experimental observations. Our scheme of using readily available subrelativistic laser should thus be useful to applications requiring terawatt level single-cycle THz SPPs.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2502.08048 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. FIG. 1. (a) Result-based schematic of the experiment setup. A 3mJ, 40fs, subrelativistic ( [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. FIG. 2. (a) Energy and charge of the forward and backward (+ [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. FIG. 3. Experiment results. (a) Electron energy spectra of the forward (+ [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (2 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. CST simulation results. Evolution of the radial electric field [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_4.png]
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5. (a) Dependence of the maximum electric field of the THz SPPs obtained in simulation [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_5.png]

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Forward citations

Cited by 1 Pith paper

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Excitation of Giant Surface Waves During Laser Wake Field Acceleration

    physics.plasm-ph 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A plasma waveguide in a laser wakefield accelerator excites a strong cylindrical Sommerfeld surface wave that may convert about 5% of the drive laser energy into broadband terahertz radiation.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

87 extracted references · 80 canonical work pages · cited by 1 Pith paper

  1. [1]

    X. C. Zhang, A. Shkurinov, and Y. Zhang, Extreme terahertz science, Nature Photonics 11, 16 (2017)

    2017

  2. [2]

    S. S. Dhillon, M. S. Vitiello, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, M. C. Hoffmann, J. Booske, C. Paoloni, M. Gensch, P. Weightman, and G. P. Williams, The 2017 terahertz science and technology roadmap, Journal of physics. D, Applied physics 50, 043001 (2017)

    2017

  3. [3]

    H. A. Hafez, X. Chai, A. Ibrahim, S. Mondal, D. F´ erachou, X. Ropagnol, and T. Ozaki, Intense terahertz radiation and their applications, J. Opt. 18, 093004 (2016)

    2016

  4. [4]

    M. Liu, H. Y. Hwang, H. Tao, A. C. Strikwerda, K. Fan, G. R. Keiser, A. J. Sternbach, K. G. West, S. Kittiwatanakul, J. Lu, S. A. Wolf, F. G. Omenetto, X. Zhang, K. A. Nelson, and R. D. Averitt, Terahertz-field-induced insulator-to-metal transition in vanadium dioxide metamaterial, Nature 487, 345 (2012)

    2012

  5. [5]

    Kampfrath, K

    T. Kampfrath, K. Tanaka, and K. A. Nelson, Resonant and nonresonant control over matter and light by intense terahertz transients, Nature Photonics 7, 680 (2013). 12

    2013

  6. [6]

    J. L. LaRue, T. Katayama, A. Lindenberg, A. S. Fisher, H. ¨Ostr¨ om, A. Nilsson, and H. Oga- sawara, Thz-pulse-induced selective catalytic CO oxidation on Ru, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 036103 (2015)

    2015

  7. [7]

    A. J. Fitzgerald, E. Berry, N. N. Zinovev, G. C. Walker, M. A. Smith, and J. M. Chamberlain, An introduction to medical imaging with coherent terahertz frequency radiation, Physics in Medicine & Biology 47, R67 (2002)

    2002

  8. [8]

    Weightman, Prospects for the study of biological systems with high power sources of tera- hertz radiation, Physical Biology 9, 053001 (2012)

    P. Weightman, Prospects for the study of biological systems with high power sources of tera- hertz radiation, Physical Biology 9, 053001 (2012)

    work page 2012

Show all 87 references
  1. [9]

    N. T. Yardimci and M. Jarrahi, High sensitivity terahertz detection through large-area plas- monic nano-antenna arrays, Scientific Reports 7, 42667 (2017)

    2017

  2. [10]

    D. A. Crawley, C. Longbottom, V. P. Wallace, B. E. Cole, D. D. Arnone, and M. Pepper, Three-dimensional terahertz pulse imaging of dental tissue, Journal of Biomedical Optics 8, 303 (2003)

    2003

  3. [11]

    Koenig, D

    S. Koenig, D. L. Diaz, J. Antes, F. Boes, R. Henneberger, A. Leuther, A. Tessmann, R. Schmogrow, D. Hillerkuss, R. Palmer, T. Zwick, C. Koos, W. Freude, O. Ambacher, J. Leuthold, and I. Kallfass, Wireless sub-THz communication system with high data rate, Nature Photon 7, 977 (2013)

    2013

  4. [12]

    Stojanovic and M

    N. Stojanovic and M. Drescher, Accelerator- and laser-based sources of high-field terahertz pulses, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 46, 192001 (2013)

    2013

  5. [13]

    Happek, A

    U. Happek, A. J. Sievers, and E. B. Blum, Observation of coherent transition radiation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2962 (1991)

    1991

  6. [14]

    Shibata, S

    Y. Shibata, S. Hasebe, K. Ishi, T. Takahashi, T. Ohsaka, M. Ikezawa, T. Nakazato, M. Oya- mada, S. Urasawa, T. Yamakawa, and Y. Kondo, Observation of coherent diffraction ra- diation from bunched electrons passing through a circular aperture in the millimeter- and submillimete...

    1995

  7. [15]

    G. L. Carr, M. C. Martin, W. R. McKinney, K. Jordan, G. R. Neil, and G. P. Williams, High-power terahertz radiation from relativistic electrons, Nature 420, 153 (2002)

    2002

  8. [16]

    Hosaka, M

    S.Bielawski, C.Evain, T.Hara, M. Hosaka, M. Katoh, S. Kimura, A. Mochihashi, M. Shimada, C. Szwaj, T. Takahashi, and Y. Takashima, Tunable narrowband terahertz emission from mastered laser–electron beam interaction, Nature Physics 4, 390 (2008). 13

    2008

  9. [17]

    A. M. Cook, R. Tikhoplav, S. Y. Tochitsky, G. Travish, O. B. Williams, and J. B. Rosen- zweig, Observation of narrow-band terahertz coherent cherenkov radiation from a cylindrical dielectric-lined waveguide, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 095003 (2009)

    2009

  10. [18]

    Y. Shen, X. Yang, G. L. Carr, Y. Hidaka, J. B. Murphy, and X. Wang, Tunable few-cycle and multicycle coherent terahertz radiation from relativistic electrons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 204801 (2011)

    2011

  11. [19]

    Evain, C

    C. Evain, C. Szwaj, E. Roussel, J. Rodriguez, M. L. Parquier, M.-A. Tordeux, F. Ribeiro, M. Labat, N. Hubert, J.-B. Brubach, P. Roy, and S. Bielawski, Stable coherent terahertz synchrotron radiation from controlled relativistic electron bunches, Nature Physics 15, 635 (2019)

    2019

  12. [20]

    J. A. Deibel, K. Wang, M. D. Escarra, and D. M. Mittleman, Enhanced coupling of terahertz radiation to cylindrical wire waveguides, Opt. Express 14, 279 (2006)

    2006

  13. [21]

    A. G. Stepanov, L. Bonacina, S. V. Chekalin, and J.-P. Wolf, Generation of 30 µJ single-cycle terahertz pulses at 100 Hz repetition rate by optical rectification, Opt. Lett. 33, 2497 (2008)

    2008

  14. [22]

    Hirori, A

    H. Hirori, A. Doi, F. Blanchard, and K. Tanaka, Single-cycle terahertz pulses with amplitudes exceeding 1 MV/cm generated by optical rectification in LiNbO3, Appl. Phys. Lett.98, 091106 (2011)

    2011

  15. [23]

    Shalaby and C

    M. Shalaby and C. P. Hauri, Demonstration of a low-frequency three-dimensional terahertz bullet with extreme brightness, Nature Communications 6, 5976 (2015)

    2015

  16. [24]

    D. H. Auston, K. P. Cheung, and P. R. Smith, Picosecond photoconducting Hertzian dipoles, Appl. Phys. Lett. 45, 284 (1984)

    1984

  17. [25]

    C. W. Berry, N. Wang, M. R. Hashemi, M. Unlu, and M. Jarrahi, Significant performance enhancement in photoconductive terahertz optoelectronics by incorporating plasmonic contact electrodes, Nat. Commun. 4, 1622 (2013)

    2013

  18. [26]

    G. Q. Liao and Y. T. Li, Review of intense terahertz radiation from relativistic laser-produced plasmas, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 47, 3002 (2019)

    2019

  19. [27]

    X. Xie, J. Dai, and X.-C. Zhang, Coherent control of thz wave generation in ambient air, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 075005 (2006)

    2006

  20. [28]

    D’Amico, A

    C. D’Amico, A. Houard, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, A. Couairon, and V. T. Tikhonchuk, Conical forward THz emission from femtosecond-laser-beam filamentation in air, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 235002 (2007). 14

    2007

  21. [29]

    K. Y. Kim, A. J. Taylor, J. H. Glownia, and G. Rodriguez, Coherent control of terahertz supercontinuum generation in ultrafast laser–gas interactions, Nat. Photonics 2, 605 (2008)

    2008

  22. [30]

    Clerici, M

    M. Clerici, M. Peccianti, B. E. Schmidt, L. Caspani, M. Shalaby, M. Gigu` ere, A. Lotti, A. Couairon, F. L´ egar´ e, T. Ozaki, D. Faccio, and R. Morandotti, Wavelength scaling of tera- hertz generation by gas ionization, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 253901 (2013)

    2013

  23. [31]

    I. Dey, K. Jana, V. Y. Fedorov, A. D. Koulouklidis, A. Mondal, M. Shaikh, D. Sarkar, A. D. Lad, S. Tzortzakis, A. Couairon, and G. R. Kumar, Highly efficient broadband terahertz generation from ultrashort laser filamentation in liquids, Nat. Commun. 8, 1184 (2017)

    2017

  24. [32]

    Q. Jin, Y. E, K. Williams, J. Dai, and X.-C. Zhang, Observation of broadband terahertz wave generation from liquid water, Applied Physics Letters 111, 071103 (2017)

    2017

  25. [33]

    W. P. Leemans, C. G. R. Geddes, J. Faure, C. T´ oth, J. van Tilborg, C. B. Schroeder, E. Esarey, G. Fubiani, D. Auerbach, B. Marcelis, M. A. Carnahan, R. A. Kaindl, J. Byrd, and M. C. Martin, Observation of terahertz emission from a laser-plasma accelerated electron bunch cros...

    2003

  26. [34]

    C. B. Schroeder, E. Esarey, J. van Tilborg, and W. P. Leemans, Theory of coherent transition radiation generated at a plasma-vacuum interface, Phys. Rev. E 69, 016501 (2004)

    2004

  27. [35]

    Hamster, A

    H. Hamster, A. Sullivan, S. Gordon, W. White, and R. W. Falcone, Subpicosecond, electro- magnetic pulses from intense laser-plasma interaction, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 2725 (1993)

    1993

  28. [36]

    Gopal, S

    A. Gopal, S. Herzer, A. Schmidt, P. Singh, A. Reinhard, W. Ziegler, D. Br¨ ommel, A. Kar- makar, P. Gibbon, U. Dillner, T. May, H.-G. Meyer, and G. G. Paulus, Observation of gigawatt-class THz pulses from a compact laser-driven particle accelerator, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 074802 (2013)

    2013

  29. [37]

    G. Q. Liao, Y. T. Li, C. Li, L. N. Su, Y. Zheng, M. Liu, W. M. Wang, Z. D. Hu, W. C. Yan, J. Dunn, J. Nilsen, J. Hunter, Y. Liu, X. Wang, L. M. Chen, J. L. Ma, X. Lu, Z. Jin, R. Kodama, Z. M. Sheng, and J. Zhang, Bursts of terahertz radiation from large-scale plasmas irradiate...

    2015

  30. [38]

    Gopal, T

    A. Gopal, T. May, S. Herzer, A. Reinhard, S. Minardi, M. Schubert, U. Dillner, B. Pradarutti, J. Polz, T. Gaumnitz, M. C. Kaluza, O. J¨ ackel, S. Riehemann, W. Ziegler, H.-P. Gemuend, H.-G. Meyer, and G. G. Paulus, Observation of energetic terahertz pulses from relativistic so...

    2012

  31. [39]

    G. Q. Liao, Y. T. Li, Y. H. Zhang, H. Liu, X. L. Ge, S. Yang, W. Q. Wei, X. H. Yuan, Y. Q. Deng, B. J. Zhu, Z. Zhang, W. M. Wang, Z. M. Sheng, L. M. Chen, X. Lu, J. L. Ma, X. Wang, and J. Zhang, Demonstration of coherent terahertz transition radiation from relativistic laser-s...

    2016

  32. [40]

    Z. Jin, H. B. Zhuo, T. Nakazawa, J. H. Shin, S. Wakamatsu, N. Yugami, T. Hosokai, D. B. Zou, M. Y. Yu, Z. M. Sheng, and R. Kodama, Highly efficient terahertz radiation from a thin foil irradiated by a high-contrast laser pulse, Phys. Rev. E 94, 033206 (2016)

    2016

  33. [41]

    Herzer, A

    S. Herzer, A. Woldegeorgis, J. Polz, A. Reinhard, M. Almassarani, B. Beleites, F. Ronneberger, R. Grosse, G. G. Paulus, U. H¨ ubner, T. May, and A. Gopal, An investigation on THz yield from laser-produced solid density plasmas at relativistic laser intensities, New Journal of ...

    2018

  34. [42]

    A. H. Woldegeorgis, B. Beleites, F. Ronneberger, R. Grosse, and A. Gopal, Investigating the influence of incident laser wavelength and polarization on particle acceleration and terahertz generation, Phys. Rev. E 98, 061201(R) (2018)

    2018

  35. [43]

    Gopal, A

    A. Gopal, A. Woldegeorgis, S. Herzer, and M. Almassarani, Spatiotemporal visualization of the terahertz emission during high-power laser-matter interaction, Phys. Rev. E 100, 053203 (2019)

    2019

  36. [44]

    Woldegeorgis, S

    A. Woldegeorgis, S. Herzer, M. Almassarani, S. Marathapalli, and A. Gopal, Modeling tera- hertz emission from the target rear side during intense laser-solid interactions, Phys. Rev. E 100, 053204 (2019)

    2019

  37. [45]

    G. Liao, Y. Li, H. Liu, G. G. Scott, D. Neely, Y. Zhang, B. Zhu, Z. Zhang, C. Armstrong, E. Zemaityte, P. Bradford, P. G. Huggard, D. R. Rusby, P. McKenna, C. M. Brenner, N. C. Woolsey, W. Wang, Z. Sheng, and J. Zhang, Multimillijoule coherent terahertz bursts from picosecond ...

    2019

  38. [46]

    G. Q. Liao, H. Liu, G. G. Scott, Y. H. Zhang, B. J. Zhu, Z. Zhang, Y. T. Li, C. Armstrong, E. Zemaityte, P. Bradford, D. R. Rusby, D. Neely, P. G. Huggard, P. McKenna, C. M. Brenner, N. C. Woolsey, W. M. Wang, Z. M. Sheng, and J. Zhang, Towards terawatt-scale spectrally tunabl...

    2020

  39. [47]

    W. L. Barnes, A. Dereux, and T. W. Ebbesen, Surface plasmon subwavelength optics, Nature 424, 824 (2003). 16

    2003

  40. [48]

    Zhang, Q

    X. Zhang, Q. Xu, L. Xia, Y. Li, J. Gu, Z. Tian, C. Ouyang, J. Han, and W. Zhang, Terahertz surface plasmonic waves: a review, Advanced Photonics 2, 014001 (2020)

    2020

  41. [49]

    Berini and I

    P. Berini and I. De Leon, Surface plasmon-polariton amplifiers and lasers, Nature Photonics 6, 16 (2012)

    2012

  42. [50]

    M. L. Brongersma and P. G. Kik, eds., Surface Plasmon Nanophotonics (Springer Dordrecht, 2007)

    2007

  43. [51]

    Saeedkia, ed., Handbook of Terahertz Technology for Imaging, Sensing and Communications (Woodhead Publishing, 2013)

    D. Saeedkia, ed., Handbook of Terahertz Technology for Imaging, Sensing and Communications (Woodhead Publishing, 2013)

    2013

  44. [52]

    Wang and D

    K. Wang and D. M. Mittleman, Metal wires for terahertz wave guiding, Nature 432, 376 (2004)

    2004

  45. [53]

    Wang and D

    K. Wang and D. M. Mittleman, Guided propagation of terahertz pulses on metal wires, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22, 2001 (2005)

    2005

  46. [54]

    Op’t Root, G

    W. Op’t Root, G. Brussaard, P. Smorenburg, and O. Luiten, Single-cycle surface plasmon polaritons on a bare metal wire excited by relativistic electrons, Nat. Commun. 7, 13769 (2016)

    2016

  47. [55]

    P. W. Smorenburg, W. Op’t Root, and O. J. Luiten, Direct generation of terahertz surface plasmon polaritons on a wire using electron bunches, Phys. Rev. B 78, 115415 (2008)

    2008

  48. [56]

    Tokita, S

    S. Tokita, S. Sakabe, T. Nagashima, M. Hashida, and S. Inoue, Strong sub-terahertz surface waves generated on a metal wire by high-intensity laser pulses, Sci. Rep. 5, 8268 (2015)

    2015

  49. [57]

    Teramoto, S

    K. Teramoto, S. Inoue, S. Tokita, R. Yasuhara, Y. Nakamiya, T. Nagashima, K. Mori, M. Hashida, and S. Sakabe, Induction of subterahertz surface waves on a metal wire by intense laser interaction with a foil, Phys. Rev. E 97, 023204 (2018)

    2018

  50. [58]

    Y. Tian, J. S. Liu, Y. F. Bai, S. Y. Zhou, H. Y. Sun, W. W. Liu, J. Y. Zhao, R. X. Li, and Z. Z. Xu, Femtosecond-laser-driven wire-guided helical undulator for intense terahertz radiation, Nature Photonics 11, 242 (2017)

    2017

  51. [59]

    Y. Zeng, C. Zhou, L. Song, X. Lu, Z. Li, Y. Ding, Y. Bai, Y. Xu, Y. Leng, Y. Tian, J. Liu, R. Li, and Z. Xu, Guiding and emission of milijoule single-cycle thz pulse from laser-driven wire-like targets, Opt. Express 28, 15258 (2020)

    2020

  52. [60]

    D. D. Zhang, Y. S. Zeng, Y. F. Bai, Z. P. Li, Y. Tian, and R. X. Li, Coherent surface plasmon polariton amplification via free-electron pumping, Nature 611, 55 (2022). 17

    2022

  53. [61]

    H. B. Zhuo, S. J. Zhang, X. H. Li, H. Y. Zhou, X. Z. Li, D. B. Zou, M. Y. Yu, H. C. Wu, Z. M. Sheng, and C. T. Zhou, Terahertz generation from laser-driven ultrafast current propagation along a wire target, Phys. Rev. E 95, 013201 (2017)

    2017

  54. [62]

    J. Wang, Z. Zhang, S. Zhou, Z. Qin, C. Yu, Y. Cao, Y. Lv, J. Chen, H. Huang, W. Liu, and J. Liu, Radiation dynamics and manipulation of extreme terahertz surface wave on a metal wire, Laser & Photonics Reviews , 2400954

  55. [63]

    Z. P. Jiang and X.-C. Zhang, Electro-optic measurement of THz field pulses with a chirped optical beam, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 1945 (1998)

    1998

  56. [64]

    Bonnet, M

    T. Bonnet, M. Comet, D. D. Petit, F. Gobet, F. Hannachi, M. Tarisien, M. Versteegen, and M. M. Al´ eonard, Response functions of imaging plates to photons, electrons and4He particles, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 103510 (2013)

    2013

  57. [65]

    Kodama, Y

    R. Kodama, Y. Sentoku, Z. L. Chen, G. R. Kumar, S. P. Hatchett, Y. Toyama, T. E. Cowan, R. R. Freeman, J. Fuchs, Y. Izawaa, M. H. Key, Y. Kitagawa, K. Kondo, T. Matsuoka, H. Nakamura, M. Nakatsutsumi, P. A. Norreys, T. Norimatsu, R. A. Snavely, R. B. Stephens, M. Tampo, K. A. ...

    2004

  58. [66]

    Tokita, K

    S. Tokita, K. Otani, T. Nishoji, S. Inoue, M. Hashida, and S. Sakabe, Collimated fast electron emission from long wires irradiated by intense femtosecond laser pulses, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 255001 (2011)

    2011

  59. [67]

    Nakajima, S

    H. Nakajima, S. Tokita, S. Inoue, M. Hashida, and S. Sakabe, Divergence-free transport of laser-produced fast electrons along a meter-long wire target, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 155001 (2013)

    2013

  60. [68]

    D´ echard, X

    J. D´ echard, X. Davoine, L. Gremillet, and L. Berg´ e, Terahertz emission from submicron solid targets irradiated by ultraintense femtosecond laser pulses, Physics of Plasmas 27, 093105 (2020)

    2020

  61. [69]

    Denoual, L

    E. Denoual, L. Berg´ e, X. Davoine, and L. Gremillet, Modeling terahertz emissions from en- ergetic electrons and ions in foil targets irradiated by ultraintense femtosecond laser pulses, Phys. Rev. E 108, 065211 (2023)

    2023

  62. [70]

    G. S. Smith, An Introduction to Classical Electromagnetic Radiation (Cambridge University Press, 1997). 18

    1997

  63. [71]

    R. A. Fonseca, L. O. Silva, F. S. Tsung, W. Decyk, V. K.and Lu, C. Ren, W. B. Mori, S. Deng, S. Lee, T. Katsouleas, and J. C. Adam, Computational Science — ICCS 2002 , edited by P. M. A. Sloot, A. G. Hoekstra, C. J. K. Tan, and J. J. Dongarra, Vol. 2331 (Springer Berlin Heidel...

    2002

  64. [72]

    CST Particle Studio, http://www.cst.com/products/cstps

  65. [73]

    F. G. Sun, Z. Jiang, and X. C. Zhang, Analysis of terahertz pulse measurement with a chirped probe beam, Applied Physics Letters 73, 2233 (1998)

    1998

  66. [74]

    W. J. Ding and Z. M. Sheng, Sub GV/cm terahertz radiation from relativistic laser-solid interactions via coherent transition radiation, Phys. Rev. E 93, 063204 (2016)

    2016

  67. [75]

    Zheng, K.A.Tanaka, T

    J. Zheng, K.A.Tanaka, T. Miyakoshi, Y. Kitagawa, R. Kodama, T. Kurahashi, and T. Ya- manaka, Theoretical study of transition radiation from hot electrons generated in the laser–solid interaction, Phys. Plasmas 10, 2994 (2003)

    2003

  68. [76]

    D.V.Karlovets and A.P.Potylitsyn, On the theory of diffraction radiation, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 107, 755 (2008)

    2008

  69. [77]

    A. P. Potylitsyn, M. I. Ryazanov, M. N. Strikhanov, and A. A. Tishchenko, Diffraction Radi- ation from Relativistic Particles (Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011)

    2011

  70. [78]

    Zheng, K

    J. Zheng, K. A. Tanaka, T. Miyakoshi, Y. Kitagawa, R. Kodama, T. Kurahashi, and T. Ya- manaka, Spectrum of transition radiation from hot electrons generated in ultra-intense laser plasma interaction, Physics of Plasmas 9, 3610 (2002)

    2002

  71. [79]

    Potylitsyn, Transition radiation and diffraction radiation

    A. Potylitsyn, Transition radiation and diffraction radiation. similarities and differences, Nu- clear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Ma- terials and Atoms 145, 169 (1998)

    1998

  72. [80]

    Tishchenko, M

    A. Tishchenko, M. Strikhanov, and A. Potylitsyn, X-ray transition radiation from an ultrarel- ativistic charge passing near the edge of a target or through a thin wire, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 22...

    2005

  73. [81]

    N.F.Shul’ga and S.N.Dobrovol’skii, Theory of relativistic-electron transition radiation in a thin metal target, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 90, 579 (2000)

    2000

  74. [82]

    L. C. L. Yuan, C. L. Wang, H. Uto, and S. Pr¨ unster, Formation-zone effect in transition radiation due to ultrarelativistic particles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 1513 (1970). 19

    1970

  75. [83]

    E. A. Nanni, W. R. Huang, K. H. Hong, K. Ravi, A. Fallahi, G. Moriena, R. J. D. Miller, and F. X. K¨ artner, Terahertz-driven linear electron acceleration, Nat. Commun.6, 8486 (2015)

    2015

  76. [84]

    D. F. Zhang, A. Fallahi, M. Hemmer, X. Wu, M. Fakhari, Y. Hua, H. Cankaya, A. L. Calen- dron, L. E. Zapata, N. H. Matlis, and F. X. K¨ artner, Segmented terahertz electron accelerator and manipulator (STEAM), Nat. Photonics. 12, 336 (2018)

    2018

  77. [85]

    Curry, S

    E. Curry, S. Fabbri, J. Maxson, P. Musumeci, and A. Gover, Meter-scale terahertz-driven acceleration of a relativistic beam, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 094801 (2018)

    2018

  78. [86]

    Kealhofer, W

    C. Kealhofer, W. Schneider, D. Ehberger, A. Ryabov, F. Krausz, and P. Baum, All-optical control and metrology of electron pulses, Science 352, 429 (2016)

    2016

  79. [87]

    L. Zhao, Z. Wang, C. Lu, R. Wang, C. Hu, P. Wang, J. Qi, T. Jiang, S. Liu, Z. Ma, F. Qi, P. Zhu, Y. Cheng, Z. Shi, Y. Shi, W. Song, X. Zhu, J. Shi, Y. Wang, L. Yan, L. Zhu, D. Xiang, and J. Zhang, Terahertz streaking of few-femtosecond relativistic electron beams, Phys. Rev. X...

    2018

Pith tools

Reviewed August 8, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.