Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 major objections 5 minor 67 references

Stable Soliton Microcomb Generation in X-cut Lithium Tantalate via Thermal-Assisted Photorefractive Suppression

T0 review · 3 major / 5 minor · reviewed 2026-08-08 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read Heating X-cut lithium tantalate to 230 °C suppresses photorefractive drift, enabling stable Kerr soliton microcombs without electronic feedback.

desk verdict First stable soliton states in X-cut LiTaO3, but the causal role of heating versus the auxiliary laser is not fully pinned down. read the letter →

arxiv 2502.08409 v1 pith:TMA5YLE5 submitted 2025-02-12 physics.optics

Jiachen Cai , Shuai Wan , Bowen Chen , Jin Li , Xuqiang Wang , Dongchen Sui , Piyu Wang , Zhenyu Qu
show 9 more authors
Xinjian Ke Yifan Zhu Yang Chen WenHui Xu Ailun Yi Jiaxiang Zhang Chengli Wang Chun-Hua Dong Xin Ou
This is my paper · ORCID
classification physics.optics PACS 42.65.Tg
keywords dissipativeKerrsolitonsmicrocombslithiumtantalateX-cutferroelectricsphotorefractivesuppressionthermalstabilizationauxiliary-laserpumpingon-chipheater
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper claims that a simple heating step—raising an X-cut thin-film lithium tantalate racetrack resonator to about 230 °C—suppresses the photorefractive effect that has prevented stable soliton microcombs in X-cut ferroelectrics. Combined with a counter-propagating auxiliary laser that balances the thermo-optic drift, this dual-suppressed approach lets dissipative Kerr solitons (mode-locked pulses in a microresonator) form by manual or piezo tuning only, with no electronic feedback loop. The authors report mode-locked states lasting beyond 180 seconds, including single-soliton and a 13-soliton crystal state, and reproduce the scheme with an integrated platinum spiral heater. If true, the result matters because X-cut ferroelectric films could then host both high-speed electro-optic modulation and Kerr comb sources on one chip, which Z-cut geometries cannot do efficiently.

What carries the argument

The carrying mechanism is the 'dual-suppressed strategy'. First, thermal regulation of carrier dynamics: heating raises the dark conductivity of LiTaO3 so that photorefractive carriers recombine faster, preventing formation of a persistent photovoltaic space-charge grating; the paper supports this by measuring I-V hysteresis up to 125 °C and mode-splitting decay up to 90 °C. Second, auxiliary-laser-assisted pumping: a second, opposite-direction TM-polarized laser at high on-chip power sits on a blue-detuned resonance and uses the thermo-optic effect to passively regulate cavity thermal balance as the TE pump is swept, so the rapid red-shift from the thermo-optic effect no longer drags the pump out of the soliton step. The test bed is a 100-GHz-FSR X-cut LiTaO3 racetrack with intrinsic Q near 3.6 million and anomalous TE-mode dispersion.

What would settle it

Measure the clockwise–counterclockwise mode splitting and resonance drift of the same X-cut LiTaO3 racetrack at 230 °C under roughly 100 mW on-chip pump power over several minutes; if the splitting remains comparable to the room-temperature values or the resonance continues to wander on a seconds timescale, the claim that heating suppresses the photorefractive effect is falsified. A complementary test is to turn off the auxiliary laser after soliton formation at 230 °C: if the soliton state decays within seconds, the auxiliary laser, rather than the heating, is providing the stabilization.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central discovery is that photorefractive resonance drift in X-cut LiTaO3 microresonators can be removed by operating at elevated temperature. The paper argues that raising the temperature to 230 °C increases ionic conductivity through an Arrhenius-type process, shortens the lifetime of photoexcited carriers, and thereby suppresses the slowly building space-charge field and the mode splitting it induces. With photorefractive drift gone, only the fast thermo-optic shift remains, and that is compensated by injecting an auxiliary laser from the opposite direction whose power passively adjusts to keep the total intracavity power and thermal balance fixed. The authors use this dual-suppressed strategy to demonstrate dissipative Kerr solitons, from modulation-instability combs through breather, multi-soliton, two-soliton, single-soliton, and a 13-soliton crystal state, with mode-locked states persisting beyond 3 minutes; an integrated spiral Pt heater reaching over 200 °C near the waveguide reproduces the result without a thermoelectric cooler.

Load-bearing premise

The load-bearing premise is that heating to 230 °C fully suppresses photorefractive-induced resonance drift at the operating pump powers (about 100 mW on-chip), even though the paper's direct photorefractive measurements stop at 90–125 °C; if residual drift remains, the observed stability would instead depend on the auxiliary laser's passive feedback.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • X-cut LiTaO3 platforms can now combine high-speed electro-optic modulation (using the large r33 coefficient) with a Kerr soliton comb in a single monolithic circuit.
  • Soliton generation no longer requires electronic feedback locking; manual or piezo tuning suffices, simplifying packaging and reducing device complexity.
  • The on-chip Pt spiral heater demonstrates that the thermal suppression can be integrated, not just done with a thermoelectric cooler, shrinking the footprint of a stabilized soliton source.
  • Observing a 13-soliton crystal state in an X-cut ferroelectric resonator brings soliton-crystal physics to a material class where it had not been seen.
  • Long-lived (over 180 s) mode-locked states with fixed pump and auxiliary lasers support applications such as coherent optical communications and microwave generation that require stable comb sources.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Beyond the paper, if the same thermal suppression carries over to X-cut lithium niobate, the method would offer a universal route to combine r33-based modulation with Kerr combs across both ferroelectric thin-film platforms; the paper suggests but does not demonstrate this.
  • The 230 °C operating temperature implies a tradeoff: packaging, heater power, and thermal crosstalk with co-integrated electronics become design constraints, so the practical folding of this scheme into a large-scale photonic integrated circuit will depend on how well local heaters can confine the hot zone.
  • A testable extension is measuring the photorefractive-induced mode splitting continuously at 230 °C under full pump power; quantifying the residual splitting would convert the current extrapolation into a direct calibration of how much thermal margin is needed.
  • Because the auxiliary laser's role is thermal balance rather than electronic feedback, the scheme may be robust to slow environmental temperature changes, but that robustness has an upper bound set by the cavity's thermal time constant; quantifying that bound would guide field deployment.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 5 minor

Summary. The paper reports the generation of stable dissipative Kerr soliton microcombs in X-cut thin-film lithium tantalate racetrack resonators, achieved by heating the resonator to approximately 230 °C (via a TEC or an integrated platinum heater) and using a dual-laser scheme with a blue-detuned auxiliary laser. The authors propose that elevated temperature suppresses the photorefractive effect by increasing carrier conductivity, while the auxiliary laser compensates thermo-optic dragging. They present temperature-dependent I-V curves, mode-splitting measurements (30–90 °C), transmission spectra showing soliton steps, RF noise spectra for five comb states, a 13-soliton crystal, a 180 s long-term stabilization measurement, and an on-chip heater demonstration.

Significance. If the mechanism is confirmed, this would be the first demonstration of soliton microcomb generation in X-cut lithium tantalate, a material that combines high electro-optic coefficient with Kerr nonlinearity, and the work includes several concrete, testable observations: temperature-dependent mode splitting reduction, increased conductivity with temperature, mode-locked states with low RF noise, and a 180 s stability measurement. The integrated heater demonstration is also a useful step toward compact devices. The main value of the paper lies in this experimental demonstration, and the evidence for mode locking itself is credible.

major comments (3)
  1. [Results, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3] The photorefractive-suppression measurements are not performed at the operating conditions of the soliton experiments. Mode splitting is characterized only up to 90 °C (Fig. 2b–c) and I-V conductivity only up to 125 °C (Fig. 2a), while soliton generation runs at 230 °C with 97–185 mW on-chip power. Because the central claim is that 230 °C operation makes the resonator photorefractive-free, this extrapolation needs direct verification (e.g., mode-splitting or resonance-drift measurements at 230 °C and at operating power) or an explicit quantitative scaling argument connecting the low-temperature data to the operating point.
  2. [Discussion, Fig. 4(e)] The Discussion states that the non-ideal DKS steps in Fig. 4(e) 'can be attributed to residual photorefractive effects and coupling fluctuations,' which is internally inconsistent with the earlier claim of 'photorefractive-free resonators' in the Introduction and with the abstract's implication of complete suppression. The authors should reconcile these statements by quantifying the residual photorefractive contribution at the operating temperature and power, and by stating the degree of suppression actually achieved.
  3. [Results, dual-laser scheme (Fig. 3a)] The causal role of heating relative to the auxiliary laser is underdetermined. The dual-laser scheme includes a high-power blue-detuned auxiliary laser whose thermo-optic response passively opposes slow resonance shifts, so the observed >180 s stability and the soliton steps do not uniquely require thermal photorefractive suppression. A control experiment that varies the TEC temperature or the auxiliary laser power (or that monitors resonance drift with the auxiliary laser off) is needed to separate the two contributions and to support the title's mechanism claim.
minor comments (5)
  1. [Results, Fig. 3 caption] There are several typos in the text near Fig. 3, including 'differnet types of temporal dissipate soltion waveforms' and 'theraml'; these should be corrected.
  2. [Discussion] The phrase 'Apart form the redundancies of complex electronic devices' contains a typo ('form' should be 'from'), and the sentence is grammatically incomplete; please revise.
  3. [Methods, Device fabrication] The word 'reasonator' appears in the Q-factor characterization section; it should be 'resonator.'
  4. [Supplementary Note S1] The reference to the previous work is given as '[Laser & Photonics Reviews (2024): 2301351.]' but the bibliography entry format is inconsistent with the main text; please provide a complete citation.
  5. [Fig. 2(b)] The statement that missing sampling points 'do not impact the following analysis of the hysteresis phenomenon' is unclear; please specify how the data were treated in the statistical correlation of Fig. 2(c).

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the thermal photorefractive-suppression mechanism is backed by direct I-V and mode-splitting measurements, and the soliton states are new observations rather than predictions derived from fitted inputs.

full rationale

The paper's central claim is experimental: heating X-cut LiTaO3 reduces photorefractive-induced mode splitting and drift, enabling stable Kerr soliton generation with an auxiliary-laser-assisted scheme. The supporting evidence is direct and parameter-free in the relevant sense: Fig. 2(a) shows measured I-V conductivity rising with temperature from 25 to 125 C, and Fig. 2(b-c) shows measured photorefractive mode splitting declining from 30 to 90 C. The 230 C operating point is an extrapolation beyond those measured ranges, and the Discussion itself admits 'residual photorefractive effects' in the non-ideal DKS steps of Fig. 4(e), which is a limitation or overstatement relative to the phrase 'photorefractive-free' but not a circularity. The auxiliary-laser stabilization mechanism is cited to external prior work (Zhou et al.) and is observed as stable, fixed-pump operation, so even if the relative causal roles of heating and the auxiliary laser are underdetermined by the presented control experiments, that is a correctness/attribution risk rather than an input-output equivalence. The only noticeable self-citation is ref. [29] (Wan et al.), used as precedent for Z-cut soliton access; it is not load-bearing for the X-cut result and carries independent experimental content. No fitted parameter is relabeled as a prediction, no uniqueness theorem is imported from the authors, and no equation in the derivation is equivalent by construction to the claimed outcome. The paper is self-contained as an experimental demonstration, so the circularity score is 0.

Assumptions & free parameters 3 free parameters · 3 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The central claim is an experimental demonstration. It relies on standard material-science assumptions about photorefractive carrier dynamics and on the prior auxiliary-laser thermal management technique. The only hand-set operating points are the heating temperature and optical powers, which are empirical rather than fitted.

free parameters (3)
  • TEC operating temperature = 230 °C
    Chosen empirically so that photorefractive resonance drift vanishes; central to the suppression mechanism, but mode splitting is only measured up to 90 °C.
  • On-chip heater voltage = 80 V (local temperature above 200 °C)
    Chosen to reproduce the high-temperature condition with the integrated Pt heater, which has a resistance of about 2162 ohms.
  • Pump and auxiliary laser on-chip powers = pump 97 mW, auxiliary 185 mW
    Operating points for the demonstration, selected to achieve modulation-instability-to-soliton transitions and thermal balance.
assumptions (3)
  • domain assumption Photorefractive effect in congruent ferroelectric thin films arises from defect-mediated photoexcitation and carrier transport that builds space-charge fields.
    Invoked in Results and Fig. 1(a) to explain mode splitting and resonance drift; standard model from refs [34,35].
  • domain assumption Ionic conductivity follows an Arrhenius-type temperature dependence, so elevated temperature shortens carrier lifetime and suppresses photorefraction.
    Used in Results (Fig. 2) to justify heating as a suppression mechanism; supported by their I-V measurements.
  • domain assumption An auxiliary laser can maintain total intracavity thermal balance and passively stabilize the pump detuning.
    Adopted from ref [50] (Zhou et al.) and used in the dual-suppressed scheme in Fig. 3(a).

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Stable Soliton Microcomb Generation in X-cut Lithium Tantalate via Thermal-Assisted Photorefractive Suppression." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/TMA5YLE5

@misc{pith2026250208409,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Stable Soliton Microcomb Generation in X-cut Lithium Tantalate via Thermal-Assisted Photorefractive Suppression},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/TMA5YLE5}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2502.08409}
}
read the original abstract

Chip-based soliton frequency microcombs combine compact size, broad bandwidth, and high coherence, presenting a promising solution for integrated optical telecommunications, precision sensing, and spectroscopy. Recent progress in ferroelectric thin films, particularly thin-film Lithium niobate (LN) and thin-film Lithium tantalate (LT), has significantly advanced electro-optic (EO) modulation and soliton microcombs generation, leveraging their strong third-order nonlinearity and high Pockels coefficients. However, achieving soliton frequency combs in X-cut ferroelectric materials remains challenging due to the competing effects of thermo-optic and photorefractive phenomena. These issues hinder the simultaneous realization of soliton generation and high-speed EO modulation. Here, following the thermal-regulated carrier behaviour and auxiliary-laser-assisted approach, we propose a convenient mechanism to suppress both photorefractive and thermal dragging effect at once, and implement a facile method for soliton formation and its long-term stabilization in integrated X-cut LT microresonators for the first time. The resulting mode-locked states exhibit robust stability against perturbations, enabling new pathways for fully integrated photonic circuits that combine Kerr nonlinearity with high-speed EO functionality.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2502.08409 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. FIG. 1 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. FIG. 2 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. FIG. 3 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (2 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_4.png]
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5. Schematic outlook of fully-integrated optoelectronic chip [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_5.png]

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

67 extracted references · 63 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Del’Haye, P. et al. Optical frequency comb generation from a monolithic microresonator. Nature 450, 1214–1217 (2007)

    2007

  2. [2]

    Herr, T. et al. Universal formation dynamics and noise of kerr- frequency combs in microresonators.Nature photonics6, 480– 487 (2012)

    work page 2012

  3. [3]

    Herr, T., Gorodetsky, M. L. & Kippenberg, T. J. Dissipative kerr solitons in optical microresonators.Nonlinear optical cav- ity dynamics: from microresonators to fiber lasers 129–162 (2016)

    work page 2016

  4. [4]

    Herr, T. et al. Temporal solitons in optical microresonators. Nature Photonics 8, 145–152 (2014)

    work page 2014

  5. [5]

    Shu, H. et al. Microcomb-driven silicon photonic systems. Nature 605, 457–463 (2022)

    2022

  6. [6]

    Zhang, X. et al. High-coherence parallelization in integrated photonics. Nature Communications 15, 7892 (2024)

    work page 2024

  7. [7]

    Liu, J. et al. Photonic microwave generation in the x-and k- band using integrated soliton microcombs. Nature Photonics 14, 486–491 (2020)

    work page 2020

  8. [8]

    Zhao, Y . et al. All-optical frequency division on-chip using a single laser. Nature 627, 546–552 (2024)

    work page 2024

Show all 67 references
  1. [9]

    Trocha, P. et al. Ultrafast optical ranging using microresonator soliton frequency combs. Science 359, 887–891 (2018)

    2018

  2. [10]

    Chen, R. et al. Breaking the temporal and frequency conges- tion of lidar by parallel chaos. Nature Photonics 17, 306–314 (2023)

    2023

  3. [11]

    Yang, Q.-F., Yi, X., Yang, K. Y . & Vahala, K. Stokes solitons in optical microcavities. Nature Physics 13, 53–57 (2017)

    2017

  4. [12]

    Lee, S. H. et al. Towards visible soliton microcomb genera- tion. Nature communications 8, 1295 (2017)

    2017

  5. [14]

    Photonic chip–based optical frequency comb using soliton cherenkov radiation

    Brasch, V .et al. Photonic chip–based optical frequency comb using soliton cherenkov radiation. Science 351, 357–360 (2016)

    2016

  6. [15]

    Shen, B. et al. Integrated turnkey soliton microcombs. Nature 582, 365–369 (2020)

    2020

  7. [16]

    Chang, L. et al. Ultra-efficient frequency comb generation in algaas-on-insulator microresonators. Nature communications 11, 1331 (2020)

    2020

  8. [17]

    Wu, L. et al. Soliton generation in algaas microresonators at room temperature. arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.09943 (2022)

    2022 arXiv

  9. [18]

    Wang, C. et al. Monolithic lithium niobate photonic circuits for kerr frequency comb generation and modulation. Nature communications 10, 978 (2019)

    2019

  10. [19]

    & Lon ˇcar, M

    Song, Y ., Hu, Y ., Zhu, X., Yang, K. & Lon ˇcar, M. Octave- spanning kerr soliton frequency combs in dispersion-and dissipation-engineered lithium niobate microresonators.Light: Science & Applications 13, 225 (2024)

    2024

  11. [20]

    Wang, C. et al. Lithium tantalate photonic integrated circuits for volume manufacturing. Nature 1–7 (2024)

    2024

  12. [21]

    Wang, C. et al. Integrated lithium niobate electro-optic mod- ulators operating at cmos-compatible voltages. Nature 562, 101–104 (2018)

    2018

  13. [22]

    Boes, A. et al. Lithium niobate photonics: Unlocking the elec- tromagnetic spectrum. Science 379, eabj4396 (2023)

    2023

  14. [23]

    Qi, Y . & Li, Y . Integrated lithium niobate photonics.Nanopho- tonics 9, 1287–1320 (2020)

    2020

  15. [24]

    Wang, C. et al. Ultrabroadband thin-film lithium tantalate modulator for high-speed communications. arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.16324 (2024). 9

    2024 arXiv

  16. [25]

    Yu, J. et al. Tunable and stable micro-ring resonator based on thin-film lithium tantalate. APL Photonics 9 (2024)

    2024

  17. [26]

    Gong, Z. et al. Soliton microcomb generation at 2 µm in z-cut lithium niobate microring resonators. Optics letters 44, 3182– 3185 (2019)

    2019

  18. [27]

    & Tang, H

    Gong, Z., Liu, X., Xu, Y . & Tang, H. X. Near-octave lithium niobate soliton microcomb. Optica 7, 1275–1278 (2020)

    2020

  19. [28]

    Octave soliton microcombs in lithium nio- bate microresonators

    Wang, P.-Y .et al. Octave soliton microcombs in lithium nio- bate microresonators. Optics Letters 49, 1729–1732 (2024)

    2024

  20. [29]

    He, Y . et al. Self-starting bi-chromatic linbo 3 soliton micro- comb. Optica 6, 1138–1144 (2019)

    2019

  21. [30]

    Wan, S. et al. Photorefraction-assisted self-emergence of dis- sipative kerr solitons. Laser & Photonics Reviews18, 2300627 (2024)

    2024

  22. [31]

    Yu, M. et al. Raman lasing and soliton mode-locking in lithium niobate microresonators. Light: Science & Applications 9, 9 (2020)

    2020

  23. [32]

    Stone, J. R. et al. Thermal and nonlinear dissipative-soliton dynamics in kerr-microresonator frequency combs. Physical review letters 121, 063902 (2018)

    2018

  24. [33]

    Xu, Y . et al. Mitigating photorefractive effect in thin-film lithium niobate microring resonators. Optics Express 29, 5497–5504 (2021)

    2021

  25. [34]

    Xu, Y . et al. Bidirectional interconversion of microwave and light with thin-film lithium niobate. Nature communications 12, 4453 (2021)

    2021

  26. [35]

    Imbrock, J. et al. Photorefractive properties of lithium tanta- late crystals as a function of the composition ranging from the congruent to stoichiometric one. In Photorefractive Effects, Materials, and Devices, 15 (Optica Publishing Group, 2003)

    2003

  27. [36]

    & Glass, A

    Günter, P., Huignard, J.-P. & Glass, A. M. Photorefractive materials and their applications, vol. 1 (Springer, 1988)

    1988

  28. [37]

    Zhang, J. et al. Fundamental charge noise in electro-optic photonic integrated circuits. arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.15404 (2023)

    2023 arXiv

  29. [38]

    Li, Q. et al. Stably accessing octave-spanning microresonator frequency combs in the soliton regime. Optica 4, 193–203 (2017)

    2017

  30. [39]

    Sun, X. et al. Nonlinear optical oscillation dynamics in high-q lithium niobate microresonators. Optics express 25, 13504– 13516 (2017)

    2017

  31. [40]

    Cai, J. et al. High-q integrated lithium tantalate microring res- onators for on-chip comb generation. Optics Letters 49, 5921– 5924 (2024)

    2024

  32. [41]

    Hou, J. et al. Subwavelength photorefractive grating in a thin- film lithium niobate microcavity. Laser & Photonics Reviews 2301351 (2024)

    2024

  33. [42]

    Liu, J. et al. Resonant stimulated photorefractive scattering. Physical Review Letters 127, 033902 (2021)

    2021

  34. [43]

    Photorefraction-induced bragg scattering in cryo- genic lithium niobate ring resonators

    Xu, Y .et al. Photorefraction-induced bragg scattering in cryo- genic lithium niobate ring resonators. Optics Letters 46, 432– 435 (2021)

    2021

  35. [44]

    Wang, M. et al. Coupling ideality of standing-wave supermode microresonators. Photonics Research 12, 1610–1618 (2024)

    2024

  36. [45]

    & Tang, H

    Lu, J., Li, M., Zou, C.-L., Al Sayem, A. & Tang, H. X. To- ward 1% single-photon anharmonicity with periodically poled lithium niobate microring resonators. Optica 7, 1654–1659 (2020)

    2020

  37. [46]

    Lu, J. et al. Ultralow-threshold thin-film lithium niobate opti- cal parametric oscillator. Optica 8, 539–544 (2021)

    2021

  38. [47]

    & Zhang, X

    Cheng, J., Gao, D., Dong, J. & Zhang, X. Efficient second harmonic generation in a high-q fabry-perot microresonator on x-cut thin film lithium niobate. Optics Express 32, 12118– 12126 (2024)

    2024

  39. [48]

    Celik, O. T. et al. Roles of temperature, materials, and domain inversion in high-performance, low-bias-drift thin film lithium niobate blue light modulators. Optics Express 32, 36160– 36170 (2024)

    2024

  40. [49]

    & Heitjans, P

    Ruprecht, B., Rahn, J., Schmidt, H. & Heitjans, P. Low-temperature dc conductivity of linbo3 single crystals. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 226, 431–437 (2012)

    2012

  41. [50]

    & Zednik, R

    Lucas, K., Bouchy, S., Bélanger, P. & Zednik, R. J. High- temperature electrical conductivity in piezoelectric lithium niobate. Journal of Applied Physics 131 (2022)

    2022

  42. [51]

    Zhou, H. et al. Soliton bursts and deterministic dissipative kerr soliton generation in auxiliary-assisted microcavities. Light: Science & Applications 8, 50 (2019)

    2019

  43. [52]

    J., Trainor, L

    Lambert, N. J., Trainor, L. S. & Schwefel, H. G. Microresonator-based electro-optic dual frequency comb. Communications Physics 6, 89 (2023)

    2023

  44. [53]

    He, Y . et al. High-speed tunable microwave-rate soliton mi- crocomb. Nature Communications 14, 3467 (2023)

    2023

  45. [54]

    Ling, J. et al. Electrically empowered microcomb laser.Nature Communications 15, 4192 (2024)

    2024

  46. [55]

    & Wang, P

    Bar-Cohen, A. & Wang, P. On-chip thermal management and hot-spot remediation. Nano-Bio-Electronic, Photonic and MEMS Packaging 157–203 (2021)

    2021

  47. [56]

    H., Pande, N

    Yu, H., Yi, Y . H., Pande, N. & Kim, C. H. On-chip heater design and control methodology for reliability testing applica- tions requiring over 300° c local temperatures. IEEE Transac- tions on Device and Materials Reliability 23, 233–240 (2023)

    2023

  48. [57]

    Jin, Q. et al. On-chip micro temperature controllers based on freestanding thermoelectric nano films for low-power electron- ics. Nano-Micro Letters 16, 126 (2024)

    2024

  49. [58]

    C., Melamud, R., Chandorkar, S

    Salvia, J. C., Melamud, R., Chandorkar, S. A., Lord, S. F. & Kenny, T. W. Real-time temperature compensation of mems oscillators using an integrated micro-oven and a phase-locked loop. Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems19, 192–201 (2009)

    2009

  50. [59]

    Popa, D. et al. A highly stable, nanotube-enhanced, cmos- mems thermal emitter for mid-ir gas sensing. Scientific Re- ports 11, 22915 (2021)

    2021

  51. [60]

    Hwang, E. et al. Tunable and efficient ultraviolet generation with periodically poled lithium niobate. Optics Letters 48, 3917–3920 (2023)

    2023

  52. [61]

    Shi, X. et al. Efficient photon-pair generation in layer-poled lithium niobate nanophotonic waveguides. Light: Science & Applications 13, 282 (2024)

    2024

  53. [62]

    Chen, H. et al. Periodic poling of thin-film lithium tantalate by applying a high-voltage electric field. Optical Materials Express 13, 3543–3552 (2023)

    2023

  54. [63]

    Recent advances in coherent optical communication

    Li, G. Recent advances in coherent optical communication. Advances in optics and photonics 1, 279–307 (2009)

    2009

  55. [64]

    Marin-Palomo, P. et al. Microresonator-based solitons for massively parallel coherent optical communications. Nature 546, 274–279 (2017)

    2017

  56. [65]

    Liu, Y . et al. Parallel wavelength-division-multiplexed sig- nal transmission and dispersion compensation enabled by soli- ton microcombs and microrings. Nature Communications 15, 3645 (2024)

    2024

  57. [66]

    Li, X. et al. Advancing large-scale thin-film ppln nonlinear photonics with segmented tunable micro-heaters. Photonics Research 12, 1703–1708 (2024)

    2024

  58. [67]

    Javid, U. A. et al. Chip-scale simulations in a quantum- correlated synthetic space. Nature Photonics 17, 883–890 (2023)

    2023

  59. [68]

    Stokowski, H. S. et al. Integrated frequency-modulated optical parametric oscillator. Nature 627, 95–100 (2024). Supplementary Information:1 Stable Soliton Microcomb Generation in X-cut Lithium Tantalate via Thermal-Assisted2 Photorefractive Suppression3 Jiachen Cai,1, 2,∗ Shu...

    2024 arXiv

Pith tools

Reviewed August 8, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.