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Joint Transmit and Pinching Beamforming for Pinching Antenna Systems (PASS): Optimization-Based or Learning-Based?

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arxiv 2502.08637 v4 pith:EBHT4GX4 submitted 2025-02-12 eess.SP cs.ITcs.LGmath.IT

classification eess.SPcs.ITcs.LGmath.IT
keywords pinchingproposedbeamformingpassalgorithmduallearning-basedmultiple
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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A novel pinching antenna system (PASS)-enabled downlink multi-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) framework is proposed. PASS consists of multiple waveguides spanning over thousands of wavelength, which equip numerous low-cost dielectric particles, named pinching antennas (PAs), to radiate signals into free space. The positions of PAs can be reconfigured to change both the large-scale path losses and phases of signals, thus facilitating the novel pinching beamforming design. A sum rate maximization problem is formulated, which jointly optimizes the transmit and pinching beamforming to adaptively achieve constructive signal enhancement and destructive interference mitigation. To solve this highly coupled and nonconvex problem, both optimization-based and learning-based methods are proposed. 1) For the optimization-based method, a majorization-minimization and penalty dual decomposition (MM-PDD) algorithm is developed, which handles the nonconvex complex exponential component using a Lipschitz surrogate function and then invokes PDD for problem decoupling. 2) For the learning-based method, a novel Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT)-guided dual learning (KDL) approach is proposed, which enables KKT solutions to be reconstructed in a data-driven manner by learning dual variables. Following this idea, a KDL-Transformer algorithm is developed, which captures both inter-PA/inter-user dependencies and channel-state-information (CSI)-beamforming dependencies by attention mechanisms. Simulation results demonstrate that: i) The proposed PASS framework significantly outperforms conventional massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system even with a few PAs. ii) The proposed KDL-Transformer can improve over 20% system performance than MM-PDD algorithm, while achieving a millisecond-level response on modern GPUs.

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Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Joint Transmit and Pinching Beamforming Optimization in Pinching Antenna-Assisted Symbiotic Radio Systems

    eess.SP 2025-08 reject novelty 6.0 of 10

    Jointly optimizing transmit beamforming and pinching-antenna positions in a backscatter-assisted symbiotic radio system is claimed to raise achievable sum rate by 17-35% over fixed-antenna baselines.

  2. Multigroup Multicast Design for Pinching-Antenna Systems: Waveguide-Division or Waveguide-Multiplexing?

    eess.SP 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Pinching-antenna systems can beat conventional and massive MIMO for multigroup multicast by repositioning antennas along waveguides, with waveguide-multiplexing best for dense users and waveguide-division best for sep...

  3. EGS-SLAM: RGB-D Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Events

    cs.RO 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    EGS-SLAM claims to fuse events with RGB-D in Gaussian Splatting SLAM to beat blur, but the supplied full text is an unrelated paper, so the claim is unverifiable.

  4. Pinching-Antenna Systems with LoS Blockages

    eess.SP 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A matching-based algorithm for assigning waveguides and activating pinching antennas uses LoS blockages to raise sum rate over fixed-antenna baselines in simulated obstructed indoor settings.

  5. Joint Radiation Power, Antenna Position, and Beamforming Optimization for Pinching-Antenna Systems with Motion Power Consumption

    eess.SP 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A joint antenna-position, radiation-power, and beamforming optimization for pinching-antenna systems reduces average power consumption when motion power is included.

  6. Pinching-Antenna Systems with In-Waveguide Attenuation: Performance Analysis and Algorithm Design

    eess.SP 2025-06 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    Pinching-antenna placement must trade free-space path loss against exponential in-waveguide attenuation; the paper gives a closed-form single-user solution and a rate-loss approximation, then extends to multi-user bea...

  7. Joint Beamforming for NOMA Assisted Pinching Antenna Systems (PASS)

    cs.IT 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A NOMA-assisted pinching antenna system with jointly optimized antenna positions, transmit beamforming, and power allocation is simulated to reduce downlink transmit power by over 95% versus a fixed massive MIMO-NOMA ...

  8. Exploiting Pinching-Antenna Systems in Multicast Communications

    eess.SP 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Optimizing pinching-antenna positions along dielectric waveguides improves multicast rates, with closed-form results for a single antenna and iterative algorithms for multiple antennas or waveguides.

  9. Resource Allocation for Pinching-Antenna Systems: State-of-the-Art, Key Techniques and Open Issues

    cs.IT 2025-06 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A comprehensive survey of resource allocation for pinching-antenna systems, with numerical case studies illustrating gains over fixed-antenna baselines.

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