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Gravitational wave lensing: probing Fuzzy Dark Matter with LISA

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arxiv 2502.10758 v3 pith:YLBWCNUF submitted 2025-02-15 astro-ph.CO gr-qc

classification astro-ph.COgr-qc
keywords darkmattergravitationalhaloslensingmassivesignalsblack
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Gravitational lensing is a universal phenomenon: it affects both gravitational waves (GWs) and electromagnetic signals travelling through the gravitational field of a massive object. In this work, we explore the prospects of observing lensed GW signals from the mergers of massive black holes, lensed by dark matter halos composed of Fuzzy Dark Matter (FDM), which form dense cores known as solitons. We focus on wave optics phenomena, where frequency-dependent signatures can be observed in the weak lensing regime (i.e. single-image). Our results show that lensing diffraction signatures differ for low-mass halos in FDM, and can reveal the presence of a solitonic core. Furthermore, we demonstrate that FDM and cold dark matter profiles can be distinguished in GW signals from binary massive black hole mergers, which will be observed by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission. However, the dense solitonic core does not substantially enhance the detectability of FDM halos at large source-lens offsets, relative to standard cold dark matter. Our analysis confirms FDM halos as a promising signature of dark matter on GW observations.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Probing Dark Matter Substructure with Wave-Optics Distortions of Strongly Lensed LISA Gravitational Waves

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Simulated four-year-LISA lensed waveforms show fuzzy-dark-matter substructure leaves a frequency-dependent phase residual that distinguishes it from NFW or self-interacting halos with ~60–110 resolved images.

  2. The diffraction-lensing interpretation of GW231123 with astrophysical priors

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    GW231123 is better fit by a lower-mass merger diffracted by an isolated ~1000 M_sun lens, but astrophysical priors and a frequentist rate estimate make this lensing interpretation unlikely.

  3. Supermassive Binaries in Ultralight Dark Matter Solitons

    astro-ph.CO 2025-04 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    High-resolution simulations show that a symmetric SMBH binary decays faster in a ULDM soliton than semi-analytic estimates predict, due to soliton pinching, with implications for the final parsec problem and PTA gravi...

  4. Detection of cosmic strings by gravitational wave lensing. Predictions for Einstein Telescope

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Simulated cosmic-string lensing of binary black holes predicts Einstein Telescope would detect the events and infer Gµ ≈ 1e-10, though the source geometry is assumed ad hoc.

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