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Training-Free Guidance Beyond Differentiability: Scalable Path Steering with Tree Search in Diffusion and Flow Models

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arxiv 2502.11420 v3 pith:CFHXQC6A submitted 2025-02-17 cs.LG

Training-Free Guidance Beyond Differentiability: Scalable Path Steering with Tree Search in Diffusion and Flow Models

classification cs.LG
keywords guidancetreegtraining-freedesigndiffusionflowmodelstree
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Training-free guidance enables controlled generation in diffusion and flow models, but most methods rely on gradients and assume differentiable objectives. This work focuses on training-free guidance addressing challenges from non-differentiable objectives and discrete data distributions. We propose TreeG: Tree Search-Based Path Steering Guidance, applicable to both continuous and discrete settings in diffusion and flow models. TreeG offers a unified framework for training-free guidance by proposing, evaluating, and selecting candidates at each step, enhanced with tree search over active paths and parallel exploration. We comprehensively investigate the design space of TreeG over the candidate proposal module and the evaluation function, instantiating TreeG into three novel algorithms. Our experiments show that TreeG consistently outperforms top guidance baselines in symbolic music generation, small molecule design, and enhancer DNA design with improvements of 29.01%, 16.6%, and 18.43%. Additionally, we identify an inference-time scaling law showing TreeG's scalability in inference-time computation.

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Cited by 10 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Bootstrap Flow-Map Tree Sampling Enables Online Feedback Driven Search

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    Bootstrap Flow-Map Trees construct complete DDPM-like trajectories with a single NFE and dynamic steps, enabling efficient online feedback-driven search and alignment that beats prior tree and SMC samplers.

  2. Inference-Time Scaling in Diffusion Models through Iterative Partial Refinement

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    IPR improves valid solution rates on MNIST Sudoku from 55.8% to 75.0% by iteratively refining partial regions in sequential diffusion models without external verifiers or reward models.

  3. Iterative Inference-time Scaling with Adaptive Frequency Steering for Image Super-Resolution

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    IAFS is a training-free iterative inference-time scaling framework that uses adaptive frequency-aware particle fusion to resolve the perception-fidelity conflict in diffusion super-resolution models, outperforming pri...

  4. x-Prediction Is All You Need:Training-Free Accelerated Generation via Endpoint Decodability

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    Affine probability paths make the clean endpoint algebraically recoverable from any intermediate state and velocity, so early-exit decoding yields training-free 20–70% NFE savings at near-matched quality.

  5. Sequentially-Controlled Interactive Multi-Particle Flow-Maps for Online Feedback-Driven Search

    cs.LG 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    IMPFM is a multi-particle flow-map sampling method with sequential posterior sharing and interaction-aware correction that targets a KL-tilted distribution for global exploration in online feedback search.

  6. Slowly Annealed Langevin Dynamics: Theory and Applications to Training-Free Guided Generation

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

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    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

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    cs.LG 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 6.0

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    Discrete diffusion models are re-framed as instances of a tokenization-centric, four-component design space (corruption, denoiser, objective, sampler) in a broad survey with no new experimental or theoretical results.