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What's the matter with $\Sigma m_{\nu}$?
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abstract
Due to non-zero neutrino rest masses we expect the energy density today in non-relativistic matter, $\omega_{\rm m}$, to be greater than the sum of baryon and cold dark matter densities, $\omega_{\rm cb}$. We also expect the amplitude of deflections of CMB photons due to gravitational lensing to be suppressed relative to expectations assuming massless neutrinos. The combination of CMB and BAO data, however, appear to be defying both of these expectations. Here we review how the neutrino rest mass is determined from cosmological observations, and emphasize the complementary roles played by BAO and lensing data in this process. We then use a phenomenological model to find that the preference from CMB and BAO data for a matter density that is below expectations from the CMB alone is at the $2.3\, \sigma$ level. We also show that if a fraction of the dark matter decays to dark radiation, the preference for $\omega_{\rm m} > \omega_{\rm cb}$ can be restored, but with a small increase to the CMB lensing excess.
Forward citations
Cited by 9 Pith papers
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Boosting the optical depth to Thomson scattering with primordial black hole evaporation at high redshift
A monochromatic primordial black hole population can raise the CMB optical depth by at most Delta tau ~ 0.008 under current CMB data, leaving BAO-CMB tensions essentially unchanged.
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Measuring Cosmic Neutrino Masses Independently of Dark Energy
Two dark-energy-robust cosmological routes bound ∑mν to <0.152 eV (marginalized) and <0.41 eV (late-Universe-free), with the latter independent of tested w(a) models by construction.
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Evaporating cosmologically coupled black holes
If a black hole's mass grows with cosmic expansion, Hawking evaporation is slowed or reversed, weakening gamma-ray bounds on primordial black holes.
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Neutrino mass limits and decaying dark matter: background evolution versus perturbations
Decaying dark matter can hide neutrino mass from expansion-history data, but CMB lensing unmasks it and restores ∑mν ≲ 0.079 eV.
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Rapid late-time reionization: constraints and cosmological implications
Reionization is inferred to be rapid and late (midpoint z≈7, duration Δz50≈1.1), yielding an optical depth τ=0.0492 from Lyman-alpha + BAO + BBN, independent of CMB data.
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Quantum stress-energy at timelike boundaries: testing a new beyond-$\Lambda$CDM parameter with cosmological data
Timelike boundaries sourcing negative, 1/a-scaling vacuum energy fit CMB+BAO data slightly better than LCDM and relax the neutrino-mass constraint, though the preference is only about 2 sigma.
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Robust Preference for Dark Sector Interactions
Interacting dark matter–dark energy models fit DESI BAO and CMB data as well as evolving-dark-energy (CPL) models, with a coupling preference that persists under DES-Dovekie supernova recalibration.
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Constraints on Logarithmic Model Extensions of Symmetric Teleparallel Gravity
Two new logarithmic f(Q) gravity models fit current cosmological data and predict contrasting, testable deviations in the effective gravitational coupling and gravitational-wave damping.
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Dynamical Dark Energy or Modified Gravity? Signatures in Gravitational Wave Propagation
Reconstructing the dark energy density from DESI BAO and DESyr5 supernovae, then recasting it as f(Q) gravity, predicts a low-redshift gravitational wave damping ν≈0.18 (≳2σ from GR) only for the DESyr5 dataset.
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