Complex dynamics of a predator-prey model with constant-yield prey harvesting and Allee effect in predator

This paper investigates the dynamical behaviors of a Holling type I Leslie-Gower predator-prey model where the predator exhibits an Allee effect and is subjected to constant harvesting. The model demonstrates three types of equilibrium points under different parameter conditions, which could be either stable or unstable nodes (foci), saddle nodes, weak centers, or cusps. The system exhibits a saddle-node bifurcation near the saddle-node point and a Hopf bifurcation near the weak center. By calculating the first Lyapunov coefficient, the conditions for the occurrence of both supercritical and subcritical Hopf bifurcations are derived. Finally, it is proven that when the predator growth rate and the prey capture coefficient vary within a specific small neighborhood, the system undergoes a codimension-2 Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation near the cusp point.