Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T12:34:53.589828Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 48 of 48 outbound references and 5 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2504.12427.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T12:34:53.589828Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T10:29:44.273599Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-04T11:39:46.610216Z
48 of 48 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 6ffee95a-85f2-44e2-8647-575ce81577e8 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data https://huggingface.co/collections/r-three/common-pile-665a13e48528df6b00416dc0, 2025
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation c0836bd0-436d-4232-a7b5-5f1de43df576 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 29a1ac42-8e9a-48f9-bc48-2966b1f50e70 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Phi-4 Technical Report
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 94a2aa78-8802-47da-b446-a0bfd1abc6e2 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Alden newspapers v
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 60d5f8ad-9b5f-4da0-bfcd-50cdfb622b42 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data M., and Weber, G
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7adfd76b-b4c3-45f7-b7cc-788c976aecab · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Authors guild v
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 72bb5d94-82ea-4e6d-abb9-10b563348510 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data What is Your Data Worth to GPT? LLM-Scale Data Valuation with Influence Functions
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 558c1ceb-306d-4caa-86a9-1ef6e5f74c7d · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Common crawl dataset
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 3518d52d-387a-4a8d-9541-f23ebcd8f2f9 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Concord music group v
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 252eac39-7388-4717-be9e-6a70a8dc6d8e · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data The rising costs of training frontier AI models
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cbefb914-e2ca-4d11-93c0-b8d709d75485 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Ai is a lot of work
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 0b9777a9-53d8-4c17-988e-4a47343008d5 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Encyclopedia britannica 15th edition
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 9ac7fb88-d47c-487b-9be8-f0936f3ab916 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Data on notable ai models, 2024
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation c957d152-6d94-4247-b56b-21a7ecc89e37 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data DataComp: In search of the next generation of multimodal datasets
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 01f09962-6c0c-46ab-a7ef-e7905f4ce083 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Language models scale reliably with over-training and on downstream tasks
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cba7a639-6920-48ad-a543-dbde1f5b53a7 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Data Shapley: Equitable Valuation of Data for Machine Learning
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 03d72fee-497e-469b-a1cd-5e46266b1faa · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Evaluation of Similarity-based Explanations
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 95e6842e-d01d-40fb-95c2-875558897655 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e0e7818b-ac76-4f46-a3a7-5c125e939bf3 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Statistics on wages
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 6bad627c-5881-4537-af10-2065619543c6 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b779aefe-5e3e-4bf2-9355-d243a13effb7 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Understanding Black-box Predictions via Influence Functions
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation dc20d4d5-255e-42cc-80ea-f82e155d7c85 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data OpenAssistant Conversations -- Democratizing Large Language Model Alignment
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2d526e30-7940-40ee-9d3b-5bf491476136 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Releasing Common Corpus: the largest public domain dataset for training LLMs
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation b173a557-7554-43ba-9c09-4b38c6b0d91f · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data DataComp-LM: In search of the next generation of training sets for language models
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 589d0d14-d539-4794-a32c-62452bcf0ab2 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Consent in Crisis: The Rapid Decline of the AI Data Commons
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b9175506-313c-4a0e-88e3-645e166e0898 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data SILO Language Models: Isolating Legal Risk In a Nonparametric Datastore
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 50021800-f7b3-4840-8bfa-76e96383ddf3 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data AI models that cost \ 1 billion to train are underway, \ 100 billion models coming — largest current models take “only” \ 100 million to train: Anthropic CEO
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 34d09960-edb5-43cd-87e2-dfe3162eaac7 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Scaling Data-Constrained Language Models
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 51e8f85b-56e4-42ca-806b-f3d77227f000 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data New york times v
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 42b77bc3-054d-4116-bc9e-b719feca545f · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data TRAK: Attributing Model Behavior at Scale
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1c16cddf-21d2-4a9b-abad-7c7caead9e09 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 4e90d540-21fa-4d3f-a022-c765ce57d782 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Multiple ai companies bypassing web standard to scrape publisher sites, licensing firm says
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 6bc0e423-6cf3-4234-9b54-9de913a1b9e9 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data The FineWeb Datasets: Decanting the Web for the Finest Text Data at Scale
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 117ed8c8-2b11-4ca1-9282-57fa9ad774a7 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Estimating Training Data Influence by Tracing Gradient Descent
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8f50bfd0-16cd-479b-85d2-b1164801cce4 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Reddit and openai build partnership
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation a27c7275-92b1-4929-a0ce-de699e929c1d · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Thomson reuters' adjusted eps beats expectations, ai boosts results
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 22b3cdde-bdef-4cd2-b62d-524a157ec2fd · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Shutterstock expands partnership with openai, signs new six-year agreement to provide high-quality training data
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 56e88207-67cb-4cda-b630-7c7928ad4f1e · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Dolma: an Open Corpus of Three Trillion Tokens for Language Model Pretraining Research
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5c5e27f6-786f-482f-8476-120d83c243b4 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data The atlantic announces product and content partnership with openai
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 02da8847-5bea-46ec-90e4-ab9716fc5df4 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation dde8342c-841c-44e7-9816-8d01bed89acc · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cbf0bcf5-7040-43f4-ae36-73e83a968d80 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Will we run out of data? Limits of LLM scaling based on human-generated data
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d74ac334-eff0-41e9-a858-6d7d0eb6f15b · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Vox media and openai form strategic content and product partnership
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 3b58b3df-6705-40f0-bd7c-321f26fd55e5 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Html standard
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 78226ba2-210d-4061-9217-5374472983b3 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Call for Papers -- The BabyLM Challenge: Sample-efficient pretraining on a developmentally plausible corpus
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d9761ef1-9d90-41fb-b3ac-18d1a352da19 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Breaking down emerging segments in the ai content licensing landscape
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation e321c3e6-f2cd-44a7-b3d7-749b33eb06b1 · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data Articulating value from data
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation d301cb7b-75c5-43ff-bab2-da3c74223efc · outbound
Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data WildChat: 1M ChatGPT Interaction Logs in the Wild
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 179fac02-40ff-4f0c-a983-85f16f6422af · inbound
The Common Pile v0.1: An 8TB Dataset of Public Domain and Openly Licensed Text Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data
Reference 82
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7895a035-1447-469b-a995-8b83e5474abe · inbound
FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation de189bdf-7b49-496d-8753-7ab89b8483e5 · inbound
FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f2438a06-593e-4df0-9cc9-bd8ff63152eb · inbound
On the Fragility of Data Attribution When Learning Is Distributed Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation fc6c92ef-bb74-4ea7-8367-1d7781beffa3 · inbound
FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.