Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization

As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 45 of 45 outbound references and 3 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.06805.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.06805 v1

Coverage vector

measured 45 of 45 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.437331Z

measured 48 of 48 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00

measured 3 of 3 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-01T04:24:33.429978Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-14T19:59:25.811326Z

Reference resolution

45 of 45 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy14
unresolved31
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 64ed4ad4-2b65-44f4-9b1d-cacdced7227f · outbound

This paper cites Arguello, E.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Arguello, E

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:37.127466Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation c8ccd546-8ded-4bcf-9e81-b9657bc4389a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:37.112775Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 82b7a42b-bfef-47c6-bd61-37422b619091 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:37.097297Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation dd463c4a-7894-4597-9bff-58827a185ad5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:37.080126Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 7911d90c-c22b-4a0c-b895-f38162c4cb5c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:37.065587Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 8922b33d-b15a-4935-9bea-213b9b55fdae · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:37.049543Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 537a5974-4323-4e85-b031-691641c7f4c0 · outbound

This paper cites Bollapragada, R.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Bollapragada, R

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:37.034821Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation f283bfed-e26b-4d8d-81fd-9aac29677e43 · outbound

This paper cites Bottou, F.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Bottou, F

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:37.019833Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 2e7b672c-5c5e-4a89-845d-fd320142f359 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:37.002827Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 4d41c7ec-994c-45f1-a15a-42433bc6eb50 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.988574Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation f16d15bb-ee1e-4b26-b4d4-54964e8334eb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.973937Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation cb803322-cd3d-4b46-ae6c-d47fdede21ae · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.959241Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation c0e775be-5236-44cd-ac38-679a8c464c0d · outbound

This paper cites Betty: An Automatic Differentiation Library for Multilevel Optimization.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Betty: An Automatic Differentiation Library for Multilevel Optimization

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.293083Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cb48c82c-7f22-4363-8501-e42b02190df0 · outbound

This paper cites Cortez, Antonio Luíz Cerdeira, Fernando Almeida, Telmo Matos, and José Reis.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Cortez, Antonio Luíz Cerdeira, Fernando Almeida, Telmo Matos, and José Reis

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.945584Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation ecf34112-b712-44ed-b406-8386274ca657 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.302112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5b26c2fe-8bbd-4fc2-aa0d-8f79c39b7590 · outbound

This paper cites Franceschi, M.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Franceschi, M

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.920158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 61713d8a-e98b-484a-b04f-cf069b3b1a41 · outbound

This paper cites Approximation Methods for Bilevel Programming.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Approximation Methods for Bilevel Programming

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.310823Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9234ed73-8b83-43a4-9e84-3af825b3a96e · outbound

This paper cites Giovannelli, G.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Giovannelli, G

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.904275Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 125db02a-482e-4713-8867-0a3851d7ea91 · outbound

This paper cites Giovannelli, G.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Giovannelli, G

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.888278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation f9cdd379-04cd-4abf-aa2d-8aaca92f03af · outbound

This paper cites When NAS Meets Robustness: In Search of Robust Architectures against Adversarial Attacks.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization When NAS Meets Robustness: In Search of Robust Architectures against Adversarial Attacks

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.324489Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 50fc78b3-1a60-4cd4-8e44-7c6c248f8189 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.873885Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 31ad0192-edf5-408c-ad82-cd36994c5a87 · outbound

This paper cites Bilevel Optimization: Convergence Analysis and Enhanced Design.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Bilevel Optimization: Convergence Analysis and Enhanced Design

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.333728Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation df9fb7a1-5e58-4ce4-b80a-5ef94a37ac20 · outbound

This paper cites Provably Convergent Federated Trilevel Learning.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Provably Convergent Federated Trilevel Learning

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.338650Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 184ad58c-2e52-414f-8dc4-7aa0e075007e · outbound

This paper cites Unlocking TriLevel Learning with Level-Wise Zeroth Order Constraints: Distributed Algorithms and Provable Non-Asymptotic Convergence.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unlocking TriLevel Learning with Level-Wise Zeroth Order Constraints: Distributed Algorithms and Provable Non-Asymptotic Convergence

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.343153Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6fda658e-149a-4fd2-8567-f8f4e2cf5587 · outbound

This paper cites RC-DARTS: Resource Constrained Differentiable Architecture Search.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization RC-DARTS: Resource Constrained Differentiable Architecture Search

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.347776Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3e1a1389-bb5f-4fdb-8ece-aa922c7bd713 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.860012Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 639e4910-311c-4fe7-8bc4-075000a8c108 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.845599Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 042662ef-7efc-41e3-8755-6fc71c488efd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.361070Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 11db8354-0ca0-4ab0-b666-293b7b4ef8b0 · outbound

This paper cites DARTS: Differentiable Architecture Search.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization DARTS: Differentiable Architecture Search

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.365364Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 058db6a8-0c51-4131-bb38-b7cd121834f5 · outbound

This paper cites Investigating Bi-Level Optimization for Learning and Vision from a Unified Perspective: A Survey and Beyond.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Investigating Bi-Level Optimization for Learning and Vision from a Unified Perspective: A Survey and Beyond

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.369686Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f618e4b2-8e9d-492b-8bfb-aeb00d32bce2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.822158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 56fbaa56-8bdc-4bc9-adff-460d56eb693c · outbound

This paper cites Towards Deep Learning Models Resistant to Adversarial Attacks.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Towards Deep Learning Models Resistant to Adversarial Attacks

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.378767Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d80ffa41-f175-49e7-b6b3-9bce229ac8ee · outbound

This paper cites Nesterov.Lectures on Convex Optimization.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Nesterov.Lectures on Convex Optimization

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.806693Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 3fb09cff-f02e-4079-a528-1ebe33ca95de · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.793283Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 66bf469f-0861-4931-862f-61edd460cdbd · outbound

This paper cites Rahdar, L.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Rahdar, L

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.779535Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 8bbd2916-b664-41c4-a4b5-2f7807a82067 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.765110Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 6971eebd-0edb-40f3-b7bc-019824132d40 · outbound

This paper cites Saheya, C.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Saheya, C

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.750824Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 8ba83b7a-eef5-415f-9dda-6c4171ecba9a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.735352Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 1e3d9547-7f15-4da2-ba6f-0e6ecb62e570 · outbound

This paper cites Shafiei, V.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Shafiei, V

Reference 39

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.721204Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation fe8572cf-3cfa-4feb-a942-fd2ae6a7c2b1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.706465Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation f4b2a310-900b-4013-8b4d-9fa93ff9e627 · outbound

This paper cites Ue-Pyng and W.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Ue-Pyng and W

Reference 41

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.689688Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 0aba49f3-37ff-4abd-be9b-82fd39b4aeea · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.675066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 23238219-1272-42f6-aa16-7a2f38c6a922 · outbound

This paper cites Wu and A.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Wu and A

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.660202Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 2fcb6fe0-2f34-45c4-b8f9-09e1a5eed72b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.645477Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 873a6e95-17dc-454e-83f4-0d52c5423300 · outbound

This paper cites N” in the algorithm name refers to the Newton-type system defined by the adjoint equation, while the “FD.

A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization N” in the algorithm name refers to the Newton-type system defined by the adjoint equation, while the “FD

Reference 45

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:36.629484Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 309265a8-5979-4aa1-8d36-d5c8bf782d93 · inbound

CHAL: Council of Hierarchical Agentic Language cites this paper.

CHAL: Council of Hierarchical Agentic Language A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization

Reference 60

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-14T19:59:25.813978Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation e7dc0adf-4289-42df-8460-1c998d32f395 · inbound

On computing Goldstein approximate second-order stationary points of structured nonsmooth nonconvex programs cites this paper.

On computing Goldstein approximate second-order stationary points of structured nonsmooth nonconvex programs A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-31T23:09:51.712918Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation ade8e11c-8c5d-4a72-b470-aed0288b9701 · inbound

First-order Constrained Trilevel Optimization Over Distributed Networks for Robust Coreset Selection cites this paper.

First-order Constrained Trilevel Optimization Over Distributed Networks for Robust Coreset Selection A stochastic gradient method for trilevel optimization

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T04:24:33.429978Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.