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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 53 of 53 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.10315.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.10315 v1

Coverage vector

measured 53 of 53 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.482105Z

measured 54 of 54 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-10T16:56:54.499046Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-11T07:50:58.913667Z

Reference resolution

53 of 53 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy39
  • unresolved14
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation d79ab4db-0fa8-4198-8ebc-3d0bfd3d51bb · outbound

This paper cites Priv- former: Privacy-preserving transformer with MPC.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Priv- former: Privacy-preserving transformer with MPC

Reference 1

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.273651Z digest=sha256:86fb26203faa4568f9cc424866cd376147c574363298d6d8bba25039c094ac84

Observation 294114aa-be7b-4801-884f-241abd091a1a · outbound

This paper cites SecureTLM: Private inference for transformer-based large model with MPC.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey SecureTLM: Private inference for transformer-based large model with MPC

Reference 6

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.295594Z digest=sha256:a384e4d521d9e34bcaf582066785003fc453af4622320256ed97cc136d90b0eb

Observation 1d8f1bd4-68c7-4ed2-bc0f-dd8e4d8fd8e6 · outbound

This paper cites East: Efficient and Accurate Secure Transformer Framework for Inference.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey East: Efficient and Accurate Secure Transformer Framework for Inference

Reference 9

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.308097Z digest=sha256:35e371d689e884671b8292019487eee128ebbf92d05ca60b59f23a11d761493b

Observation 0b9e9f33-d5a2-4489-a6a0-cf25c4b560ee · outbound

This paper cites Puma: Secure inference of Llama-7b in five minutes.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Puma: Secure inference of Llama-7b in five minutes

Reference 10

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.311827Z digest=sha256:e54b80132938f43e19b6fbd21b2aab303011766eb9010e487f6d9032c22dbb6f

Observation ce015467-07cf-4a17-a64c-f03c350ba0c0 · outbound

This paper cites An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale

Reference 11

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.315363Z digest=sha256:c36a23f6366821cf8072a60f307d2270d5a2268a7a42a14179f8ac5de6a23d3b

Observation b06eab36-6c01-4a71-8b88-5eaf2dde0807 · outbound

This paper cites A pragmatic introduction to secure multi-party computation.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey A pragmatic introduction to secure multi-party computation

Reference 12

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.319547Z digest=sha256:eaf2c248c567b4da7196a6777e89c376899af828aeff829ac60f062ad57d8eed

Observation d9e61c85-3582-4501-b6b5-e4b654225d05 · outbound

This paper cites Iron: Pri- vate inference on transformers.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Iron: Pri- vate inference on transformers

Reference 15

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.331005Z digest=sha256:3e67b4c49358024280415bc47179edd106faeb5cc202fd836831ecda119ccd81

Observation 410cbb33-db2c-4c61-b4b7-f34d37c7e17c · outbound

This paper cites Escaping the Big Data Paradigm with Compact Transformers.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Escaping the Big Data Paradigm with Compact Transformers

Reference 16

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.334535Z digest=sha256:3510861beec1f297b0b4784eaddeece48dc58dcfef81d0c3ca20f96d6f9d4c88

Observation a5dc05be-b601-4584-8108-5e7ca261f0a0 · outbound

This paper cites SecBERT: Privacy-preserving pre-training based neural network inference system.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey SecBERT: Privacy-preserving pre-training based neural network inference system

Reference 19

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.346385Z digest=sha256:c8a3d6e94840135095e96ebd9a81d670456d62a8c74e5e8a2fee00b914717b60

Observation a0303f05-61ae-4ae9-98b1-1071f75dd464 · outbound

This paper cites Cheetah: Lean and fast secure{Two-Party} deep neural network inference.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Cheetah: Lean and fast secure{Two-Party} deep neural network inference

Reference 20

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.350175Z digest=sha256:e574850a8cbaa6697c5eb9c730f80241cdf6630aec9d85fd0a8475619fc502e4

Observation 5e6fe33c-2ca4-43f7-bfe0-39e8c5450a1d · outbound

This paper cites Orca: Fss-based secure training and inference with GPUs.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Orca: Fss-based secure training and inference with GPUs

Reference 21

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.353710Z digest=sha256:16eb444157988e3929860d3f79da659b2234918101af78bfbf542e842e0e36c6

Observation 844cd6f6-ef07-412b-b8ce-0a97ad278e12 · outbound

This paper cites TinyBERT: Distilling BERT for Natural Language Understanding.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey TinyBERT: Distilling BERT for Natural Language Understanding

Reference 22

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.357302Z digest=sha256:8f62bc74d91558c52f31bd4fa29485887f4b6c84b2bc4cdf444f3e032ec501ed

Observation 853b9d6c-1853-49f3-89af-3c569c34efb2 · outbound

This paper cites LLMs Can Understand Encrypted Prompt: Towards Privacy-Computing Friendly Transformers.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey LLMs Can Understand Encrypted Prompt: Towards Privacy-Computing Friendly Transformers

Reference 24

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.366320Z digest=sha256:16cc452ad259aabf8e165082634113a23c323c01708c080adadf5c6c66596160

Observation 027e772f-72e5-462b-a082-94927beab1a9 · outbound

This paper cites PPTIF: Privacy-preserving transformer inference framework for language translation.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey PPTIF: Privacy-preserving transformer inference framework for language translation

Reference 25

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.370357Z digest=sha256:0b2c06e4e68368b62b447081d7bd859fc06c67a8a5239c0bfb7cf3212b16288d

Observation d0ec0cb2-f0a3-4493-980c-bc25543979be · outbound

This paper cites Italy orders ChatGPT blocked citing data protection concerns.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Italy orders ChatGPT blocked citing data protection concerns

Reference 26

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.985690Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.373870Z digest=sha256:9ecc6e012a602d5203b5375214155aec1f6f1d9efb68c3a3dfa6ec4454b2b8fa

Observation 7f8a07f5-24aa-4fd2-8d50-02886f6a6cf3 · outbound

This paper cites Bumblebee: Secure two-party infer- ence framework for large transformers.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Bumblebee: Secure two-party infer- ence framework for large transformers

Reference 27

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.377658Z digest=sha256:1e71399dd232d73fbec1c2f0fe19c877f06dd406b5447b6c48b7789bd6ca3116

Observation 106a7138-551b-497e-ad11-cf9cea028069 · outbound

This paper cites Chatting about ChatGPT: how may AI and GPT impact academia and libraries? Library hi tech news , 40(3):26– 29,.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Chatting about ChatGPT: how may AI and GPT impact academia and libraries? Library hi tech news , 40(3):26– 29,

Reference 28

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.381800Z digest=sha256:c98e12a368be90d4969695336ba7d06290a1b7ccd21aec6edcd8c2dd625bc498

Observation 1cbca1f6-4646-4fd9-9cbf-861e50e02b04 · outbound

This paper cites SecFormer: Fast and accurate privacy- preserving inference for transformer models via SMPC.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey SecFormer: Fast and accurate privacy- preserving inference for transformer models via SMPC

Reference 29

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.385583Z digest=sha256:e4499b65cde5ddcf4547d0d641bc8d299cc90c108f8beb13b28fa0e8685984b0

Observation eb47d5f1-060b-4f96-a011-dbc0cf3dd51a · outbound

This paper cites {SecretFlow-SPU}: A performant and{User-Friendly} framework for{Privacy- Preserving} machine learning.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey {SecretFlow-SPU}: A performant and{User-Friendly} framework for{Privacy- Preserving} machine learning

Reference 30

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.389163Z digest=sha256:88e2e34e363982467b2fd420379b0e00dcfa5c95cddde4c8d8ae9442198c17aa

Observation 67914ecf-f84d-400b-87f4-a7f615579a1b · outbound

This paper cites Software division and square root using Goldschmidt’s algorithms.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Software division and square root using Goldschmidt’s algorithms

Reference 31

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.392686Z digest=sha256:de4b8080950914c47804ef0429bb5edb3afd36ae1f3d34508e6c6a77e49ad6d6

Observation 8ef32a14-de33-4f5b-8ce6-2865aa428f76 · outbound

This paper cites Pointer Sentinel Mixture Models.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Pointer Sentinel Mixture Models

Reference 33

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.400616Z digest=sha256:d52e3d1b9fb38d2de1d08c853e8f5a41dd84947877d0d152a12911b274d7bc6d

Observation 46f968a7-1059-459f-a31c-636518bb2a64 · outbound

This paper cites THOR: Secure transformer infer- ence with homomorphic encryption.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey THOR: Secure transformer infer- ence with homomorphic encryption

Reference 34

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.897831Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.404645Z digest=sha256:5f4451a90d671d1b6d589f9f0bf025dc0f15137ba7b7151361144bb736ba0d8c

Observation 1ea0080f-9cb7-4a40-908c-360b5f63e295 · outbound

This paper cites BOLT: Privacy- preserving, accurate and efficient inference for transform- ers.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey BOLT: Privacy- preserving, accurate and efficient inference for transform- ers

Reference 35

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.408638Z digest=sha256:3c93d2110ed91dfbead939a0611376be31d2b338ab76a4edfc911d81576d5356

Observation fdbf59a5-56f1-4e38-a79c-0790688673df · outbound

This paper cites Powerformer: Efficient privacy-preserving transformer with batch rectifier-power max function and optimized homomorphic attention.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Powerformer: Efficient privacy-preserving transformer with batch rectifier-power max function and optimized homomorphic attention

Reference 36

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.869477Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.412634Z digest=sha256:288758807bad28a7a12181459778576c84222e3cd4cf3b4d6237108946f93149

Observation 310e19c3-00ab-4baf-a59e-66cb2de2d837 · outbound

This paper cites Im- provements of homomorphic secure evaluation of inverse square root.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Im- provements of homomorphic secure evaluation of inverse square root

Reference 37

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.416397Z digest=sha256:5a85e60bd90fd99f774a21c558c96573f1f5a6b30f7aabebcca31ce290d92038

Observation c21ce529-4780-422f-b6cf-d1d7f973b5a4 · outbound

This paper cites Transformer-based language models and homo- morphic encryption: An intersection with bert-tiny.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Transformer-based language models and homo- morphic encryption: An intersection with bert-tiny

Reference 38

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.420827Z digest=sha256:440353660bad12c53da241ca82bfa2a55abde254038847155b84a966ad9dcefc

Observation 1f2d4ee8-10f4-48d4-a450-b8062b3ee0d4 · outbound

This paper cites What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education

Reference 39

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.424545Z digest=sha256:eec2b672238b948df7751b5c03e847f169a6cf3e3853619f62e8feab9faf4b30

Observation e7e993af-d00e-4559-8a06-ce531df360f1 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 40

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.428516Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.428516Z digest=sha256:a705e375683f0df91d4fe2f91fb21e0d9bb47826005d8d52e6e38f955a42cd58

Observation 7262c1d9-4a24-49ef-b876-67089575905f · outbound

This paper cites Attention is all you need.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Attention is all you need

Reference 41

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.432488Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.432488Z digest=sha256:af70003aad556b0105d8d40a1cd3fcd2349ec40b76e59e31a5509f7ccff2b4ea

Observation a6cc451d-f410-44df-a335-336044dd26dc · outbound

This paper cites Characterization of MPC-based private inference for transformer-based mod- els.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Characterization of MPC-based private inference for transformer-based mod- els

Reference 43

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.813316Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.440573Z digest=sha256:4fe5dc0183781898e9c55415b6c3631adbc9f1b64a22eaa7eb78966815856694

Observation 651e8b11-c272-4389-9db2-0df18a0dc1da · outbound

This paper cites HE-Booster: an efficient polynomial arithmetic acceleration on gpus for fully homomorphic encryption.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey HE-Booster: an efficient polynomial arithmetic acceleration on gpus for fully homomorphic encryption

Reference 44

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.800846Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.445733Z digest=sha256:a0fd1ef59f07700beaebffa5d16ef04002503fb8a533e6aaf12a34b3ba366970

Observation 9e90eff6-8fc7-411e-bcb7-99d499319b0e · outbound

This paper cites On Protecting the Data Privacy of Large Language Models (LLMs): A Survey.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey On Protecting the Data Privacy of Large Language Models (LLMs): A Survey

Reference 45

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.449556Z digest=sha256:d0210038bf7bc7cb7d1132ac0543a07de25ad462678e9abf93753266c9d081d0

Observation 44743035-4f25-402e-98ec-d0116be90294 · outbound

This paper cites Phantom: a cuda- accelerated word-wise homomorphic encryption library.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Phantom: a cuda- accelerated word-wise homomorphic encryption library

Reference 46

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.788806Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.453999Z digest=sha256:2ff21d09a761e296e9c86b7d6a57cb80d16fa81e70df70a6777e6c6315290125

Observation 132e10b9-0361-4e71-a71e-970674782297 · outbound

This paper cites Protocols for secure computa- tions.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Protocols for secure computa- tions

Reference 47

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.776511Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.457834Z digest=sha256:c9165e8c6e43f24a3e3ab3fbbd3dc27e00a76b63710289a826e7147a5c0021d4

Observation c8d6a9fd-dd95-4b1f-9359-6cbf15417267 · outbound

This paper cites Sal-vit: To- wards latency efficiefnt private inference on vit using se- lective attention search with a learnable softmax approx- imation.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Sal-vit: To- wards latency efficiefnt private inference on vit using se- lective attention search with a learnable softmax approx- imation

Reference 49

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.752526Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.465794Z digest=sha256:eb31305a5caa70f5d45a38d69c7d5f7b91396cd7bed66c7c6e4819256e85c7d4

Observation 0d93072c-d614-4996-99f2-e52d44888bf8 · outbound

This paper cites Secure transformer inference made non-interactive.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Secure transformer inference made non-interactive

Reference 50

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.740361Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.469593Z digest=sha256:586565ea35d2e1e9792739f0312a7542280e00bc562514b4ae5f55f9c562e398

Observation da272407-417b-4b85-828c-bdc1b762d9ba · outbound

This paper cites Primer: Fast private transformer inference on en- crypted data.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Primer: Fast private transformer inference on en- crypted data

Reference 52

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.716108Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.477629Z digest=sha256:07f6e681909ff201f39a4917172e33eece7797cec83823d5b78ff340d7d3870d

Observation 1d18098a-c472-478f-83a8-3ed3afc2a696 · outbound

This paper cites Power-Softmax: Towards Secure LLM Inference over Encrypted Data.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Power-Softmax: Towards Secure LLM Inference over Encrypted Data

Reference 53

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.482105Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.482105Z digest=sha256:eb02994cf4c2da65fce35cbd8e1a8918f4798295b298afd38b723dccfdf0aeed

Observation fc4b05af-5b36-40cf-b973-26dbe5ec4c06 · outbound

This paper cites Mpcvit: Searching for accurate and efficient MPC-friendly vision transformer with heterogeneous at- tention.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Mpcvit: Searching for accurate and efficient MPC-friendly vision transformer with heterogeneous at- tention

Reference 1982

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.764002Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.461725Z digest=sha256:db51e60c664c1b2363b67954ffa65b19cca34d4bc274b07f8bb9ac8a4f35da1d

Observation ac6133b4-7719-4e03-a267-76712cae608c · outbound

This paper cites THE-X: Privacy-Preserving Transformer Inference with Homomorphic Encryption.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey THE-X: Privacy-Preserving Transformer Inference with Homomorphic Encryption

Reference 1992

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.287224Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.287224Z digest=sha256:998759a3bbc0c77abb451c64e0c6b422154bc244d30121fb223f32e1dacd331e

Observation 23ad1240-8526-4759-8dbf-19e812e0fcaa · outbound

This paper cites Whoops, samsung work- ers accidentally leaked trade secrets via ChatGPT.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Whoops, samsung work- ers accidentally leaked trade secrets via ChatGPT

Reference 2004

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.912627Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.397129Z digest=sha256:0b83fd070612a61b797b67ecc737e4292e0e3d01ea3ed60c2c0c2aa5afa97399

Observation c82ad305-f98d-4a59-9c98-96607240bc5c · outbound

This paper cites Ciphergpt: Se- cure two-party GPT inference.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Ciphergpt: Se- cure two-party GPT inference

Reference 2006

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.058973Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.342977Z digest=sha256:2670cb9222998ecfac08a2432ed5ee52e45984e2eba619e2ed50b26031a6da40

Observation ab30041a-b8c9-4541-afab-fd826743ab3a · outbound

This paper cites SIGMA: secure GPT inference with function secret sharing.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey SIGMA: secure GPT inference with function secret sharing

Reference 2009

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.096381Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.327477Z digest=sha256:c4df99ebcb40121e3a640c020ffc4b3f4114da8cded23ad2c0d14c9559c265d4

Observation 972be01a-bbd1-4489-bc56-abd62def6756 · outbound

This paper cites Efficient multiparty proto- cols using circuit randomization.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Efficient multiparty proto- cols using circuit randomization

Reference 2016

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.184071Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.282871Z digest=sha256:bd531ab938ef998a0fcff72f70f3e0838422fdfc87ad36483f5d027d5f3bf8b9

Observation bc46d194-8641-498b-9433-60e8a5dceb4c · outbound

This paper cites GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding

Reference 2017

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.436088Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.436088Z digest=sha256:46bd61b0fb252941f52a1c91169dc4797d5ee3d59811f41b892c4b1cf8c7bdde

Observation 73729268-985b-4b14-a458-396d6c4cbad9 · outbound

This paper cites Fully homomorphic encryption using ideal lattices.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Fully homomorphic encryption using ideal lattices

Reference 2018

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.108785Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.323568Z digest=sha256:f5c7cbc54b542a5dd1447357127adde510b17f97cf1172b4cfe69a5ccafdfea6

Observation ba0ea994-6384-4eab-8a01-f7c8ed879561 · outbound

This paper cites MPCFORMER: Fast, performant and private transformer inference with MPC.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey MPCFORMER: Fast, performant and private transformer inference with MPC

Reference 2019

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.009417Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.361977Z digest=sha256:543a6bc0d6537b0d76568812addc19902461c5d9b7b34c47311ce89d580d78d1

Observation 434f90e3-2153-4ba0-95ed-53765091b498 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Unresolved cited work

Reference 2020

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.134336Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.303907Z digest=sha256:379f60aa245583f712f0c4a96dce0171e171dea2210ae88bb359e2734ac84aa2

Observation 1d4fed6b-bbe4-42ac-af3a-d6077b4a97b5 · outbound

This paper cites A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets

Reference 2021

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.072027Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.338523Z digest=sha256:6837cde5bc587d719781f8aa8cfaf43acc8aa6b0f99624ab973ca8f21bf9f8b7

Observation 9bd50e27-d444-41f1-a9e2-f54aab2383b4 · outbound

This paper cites RNA-ViT: Reduced- dimension approximate normalized attention vision trans- formers for latency efficient private inference.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey RNA-ViT: Reduced- dimension approximate normalized attention vision trans- formers for latency efficient private inference

Reference 2022

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.172898Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.291702Z digest=sha256:1ec1d035749e62ab519d03c286ecffe27b6a829db3baf57580343bb9270a93a3

Observation 560ef3a0-e701-4223-8935-fb9e74b45519 · outbound

This paper cites High-throughput semi-honest secure three-party computation with an hon- est majority.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey High-throughput semi-honest secure three-party computation with an hon- est majority

Reference 2023

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.194502Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.278587Z digest=sha256:03a6e57dbd1c623a88d6f06000405d3114fe8eea4c33d8201ef6258e2b2e7134

Observation 441eb28c-e047-4e97-af89-d06895dc3711 · outbound

This paper cites Efficient homomorphic comparison meth- ods with optimal complexity.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Efficient homomorphic comparison meth- ods with optimal complexity

Reference 2024

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.147920Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.299684Z digest=sha256:232f1ccc5d2cabf5442a58b131f4c4e8f1a362aee38ec50fe54a9c595109994c

Observation 7d7b347e-4097-43d7-a577-b7164b0b59e9 · outbound

This paper cites Secure multi-party computation: theory, prac- tice and applications.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Secure multi-party computation: theory, prac- tice and applications

Reference 2025

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.728490Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.473280Z digest=sha256:37b0e3a02875208b7c81641f466a9f53ed4dce9e6fcfea69ae155ab94320b1cd

Pith citing papers

Observation 3b4adebf-367a-4a14-a51b-d8b50316348a · inbound

EncFormer: Secure and Efficient Transformer Inference over Encrypted Data cites this paper.

EncFormer: Secure and Efficient Transformer Inference over Encrypted Data Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey

Reference 47

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T07:50:58.917600Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T16:56:54.499046Z digest=sha256:94ac46238b415a7cec5372b7caf16652c366c7f8505ccdf6cda9dbb50f83672e