Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques

As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 104 outbound references and 6 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.06579.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.06579 v1

Coverage vector

measured 100 of 104 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T05:56:57.070193Z

measured 106 of 106 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00

measured 6 of 6 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-09T19:10:53.372941Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

100 of 104 outbound references displayed

verified exact3
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unresolved84
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External citation measurements

1
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

Observation 18d0f5d8-50b3-4731-9b87-671596bc7b41 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 1

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Observation 81b4d2ff-f2a3-422a-9949-b79583aae3c4 · outbound

This paper cites Gpt-3: What is it good for,.

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Gpt-3: What is it good for,

Reference 2

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This paper cites DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism.

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism

Reference 3

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This paper cites Mobile Edge Intelligence for Large Language Models: A Contemporary Survey.

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Mobile Edge Intelligence for Large Language Models: A Contemporary Survey

Reference 4

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This paper cites Faster and Lighter LLMs: A Survey on Current Challenges and Way Forward.

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Faster and Lighter LLMs: A Survey on Current Challenges and Way Forward

Reference 5

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This paper cites A Survey of Resource-efficient LLM and Multimodal Foundation Models.

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques A Survey of Resource-efficient LLM and Multimodal Foundation Models

Reference 6

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This paper cites Efficient compressing and tuning methods for large language models: A systematic literature review,.

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Efficient compressing and tuning methods for large language models: A systematic literature review,

Reference 7

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This paper cites LlamaFactory: Unified Efficient Fine-Tuning of 100+ Language Models.

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques LlamaFactory: Unified Efficient Fine-Tuning of 100+ Language Models

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This paper cites Evaluation of the phi-3-mini slm for identification of texts related to medicine, health, and sports injuries,.

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Evaluation of the phi-3-mini slm for identification of texts related to medicine, health, and sports injuries,

Reference 9

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Observation e5184609-c34b-4f89-b9d8-454290dbc810 · outbound

This paper cites Harnessing moderate- sized language models for reliable patient data deidentification in emergency department records: Algorithm development, validation, and implementation study,.

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Harnessing moderate- sized language models for reliable patient data deidentification in emergency department records: Algorithm development, validation, and implementation study,

Reference 10

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This paper cites Overview of small language models in practice,.

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Overview of small language models in practice,

Reference 11

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This paper cites MetaLLM: A High-performant and Cost-efficient Dynamic Framework for Wrapping LLMs.

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques MetaLLM: A High-performant and Cost-efficient Dynamic Framework for Wrapping LLMs

Reference 12

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques EcoAssistant: Using LLM Assistant More Affordably and Accurately

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This paper cites FrugalGPT: How to Use Large Language Models While Reducing Cost and Improving Performance.

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques FrugalGPT: How to Use Large Language Models While Reducing Cost and Improving Performance

Reference 14

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This paper cites Harnessing the Power of Multiple Minds: Lessons Learned from LLM Routing.

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Harnessing the Power of Multiple Minds: Lessons Learned from LLM Routing

Reference 15

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Observation c53fac9d-a16e-49b1-9c65-099db0fc7b9b · outbound

This paper cites Routing to the Expert: Efficient Reward-guided Ensemble of Large Language Models.

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Routing to the Expert: Efficient Reward-guided Ensemble of Large Language Models

Reference 16

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This paper cites RouterEval: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Routing LLMs to Explore Model-level Scaling Up in LLMs.

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques RouterEval: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Routing LLMs to Explore Model-level Scaling Up in LLMs

Reference 17

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This paper cites RouterBench: A Benchmark for Multi-LLM Routing System.

Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques RouterBench: A Benchmark for Multi-LLM Routing System

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques A Survey on Efficient Inference for Large Language Models

Reference 19

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Beyond Efficiency: A Systematic Survey of Resource-Efficient Large Language Models

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Towards Greener LLMs: Bringing Energy-Efficiency to the Forefront of LLM Inference

Reference 21

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques LLM Inference Serving: Survey of Recent Advances and Opportunities

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Towards Efficient Generative Large Language Model Serving: A Survey from Algorithms to Systems

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques LLM Inference Unveiled: Survey and Roofline Model Insights

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques The Efficiency Spectrum of Large Language Models: An Algorithmic Survey

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Harnessing Multiple Large Language Models: A Survey on LLM Ensemble

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques A Survey on Collaborative Mechanisms Between Large and Small Language Models

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques A Survey on Mixture of Experts in Large Language Models

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Attention is all you need,

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Improving text classification with transformer,

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Scaling Neural Machine Translation

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Block-skim: Efficient question answering for transformer,

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques An attentive survey of attention models,

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Attention, please! a survey of neural attention models in deep learning,

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Show and tell: A neural image caption generator,

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Deep learning,

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Deep learning,

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Long short-term memory,

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Towards Expert-Level Medical Question Answering with Large Language Models

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attention,

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques SplitLoRA: A Split Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning Framework for Large Language Models

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language Representations

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer,

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Gpt-4 is here: what scientists think,

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Language mod- els are few-shot learners,

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Multimodal deep learning

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Multimodal machine learning: A survey and taxonomy,

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Multimodal transformer for unaligned multimodal language sequences,

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques GPT-4 Technical Report

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Crossner: Evaluating cross-domain named entity recognition,

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision,

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Xtext language engineering for everyone,

Reference 54

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Align before fuse: Vision and language representation learning with momentum distillation,

Reference 55

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:56:56.888633Z

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback,

Reference 56

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:56:56.892388Z

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Hymba: A Hybrid-head Architecture for Small Language Models

Reference 57

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:56:56.896718Z

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques A Comprehensive Survey of Small Language Models in the Era of Large Language Models: Techniques, Enhancements, Applications, Collaboration with LLMs, and Trustworthiness

Reference 58

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Small Language Models: Survey, Measurements, and Insights

Reference 59

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Hallucination is Inevitable: An Innate Limitation of Large Language Models

Reference 60

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques A survey on hallucination in large language models: Principles, taxonomy, challenges, and open questions,

Reference 61

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Towards trustworthy llms: a review on debiasing and dehallucinating in large language models,

Reference 62

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Sometimes painful but certainly promising: Feasibility and trade-offs of language model inference at the edge,

Reference 63

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Tryage: Real-time, intelligent Routing of User Prompts to Large Language Models

Reference 64

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Fly-swat or cannon? cost- effective language model choice via meta-modeling,

Reference 65

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Routoo: Learning to Route to Large Language Models Effectively

Reference 66

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Hybrid LLM: Cost-Efficient and Quality-Aware Query Routing

Reference 67

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques OptLLM: Optimal Assignment of Queries to Large Language Models

Reference 68

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Chatgpt,

Reference 69

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:56:58.039550Z

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Observation 42d3dc4a-2a64-41c9-99a2-6b0499547c30 · outbound

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Amazon titan in amazon bedrock,

Reference 70

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Reference 71

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Reference 72

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques RouteLLM: Learning to Route LLMs with Preference Data

Reference 73

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Cache & Distil: Optimising API Calls to Large Language Models

Reference 74

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques AutoMix: Automatically Mixing Language Models

Reference 75

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Efficient Hybrid Inference for LLMs: Reward-Based Token Modelling with Selective Cloud Assistance

Reference 76

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Optimising Calls to Large Language Models with Uncertainty-Based Two-Tier Selection

Reference 77

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Query by committee,

Reference 78

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques A review on edge large language models: Design, execution, and applications,

Reference 79

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques On-Device Language Models: A Comprehensive Review

Reference 80

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques LLM-Blender: Ensembling Large Language Models with Pairwise Ranking and Generative Fusion

Reference 81

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Research

Reference 82

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Reference 83

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Edge-first language model inference: Mod- els, metrics, and tradeoffs,

Reference 84

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques UltraEval: A Lightweight Platform for Flexible and Comprehensive Evaluation for LLMs

Reference 85

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Etalon: Holistic Performance Evaluation Framework for LLM Inference Systems

Reference 86

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques MM-LLMs: Recent Advances in MultiModal Large Language Models

Reference 87

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques MQuant: Unleashing the Inference Potential of Multimodal Large Language Models via Full Static Quantization

Reference 88

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Observation 0d5ee2e9-8d16-4ba5-9f93-528ee93467ee · outbound

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Multimodal large language models in health care: applications, challenges, and future outlook,

Reference 89

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Ma-lmm: Memory-augmented large multimodal model for long-term video understanding,

Reference 90

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Lexical complexity predic- tion: An overview,

Reference 91

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Collaborative cross- modal fusion with large language model for recommendation,

Reference 92

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Communication-Efficient Distributed On-Device LLM Inference Over Wireless Networks

Reference 93

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Intelligent Router for LLM Workloads: Improving Performance Through Workload-Aware Load Balancing

Reference 94

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Privacy-preserved LLM Cascade via CoT-enhanced Policy Learning

Reference 95

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Doing More with Less: A Survey on Routing Strategies for Resource Optimisation in Large Language Model-Based Systems

Reference 96

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques XAI meets LLMs: A Survey of the Relation between Explainable AI and Large Language Models

Reference 97

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques PickLLM: Context-Aware RL-Assisted Large Language Model Routing

Reference 98

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Text Sanitization Beyond Specific Domains: Zero-Shot Redaction & Substitution with Large Language Models

Reference 99

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Observation f6fcb862-cb94-4226-a586-8dd499f3a109 · outbound

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Trusted llm inference on the edge with smart contracts,

Reference 100

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Observation 055c6e2d-3fc3-4bae-b046-10296140e601 · outbound

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Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques Encryption-Friendly LLM Architecture

Reference 101

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Pith citing papers

Observation 8bd8a001-206d-4097-95ca-4f1690881d27 · inbound

Doing More with Less: A Survey on Routing Strategies for Resource Optimisation in Large Language Model-Based Systems cites this paper.

Doing More with Less: A Survey on Routing Strategies for Resource Optimisation in Large Language Model-Based Systems Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques

Reference 3

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AI Reasoning for Wireless Communications and Networking: A Survey and Perspectives cites this paper.

AI Reasoning for Wireless Communications and Networking: A Survey and Perspectives Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques

Reference 39

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When Less is Enough: Efficient Inference via Collaborative Reasoning cites this paper.

When Less is Enough: Efficient Inference via Collaborative Reasoning Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques

Reference 2

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Observation 34674ce5-e34d-40c4-97ff-f856eab0a7c5 · inbound

SOMA: Efficient Multi-turn LLM Serving via Small Language Model cites this paper.

SOMA: Efficient Multi-turn LLM Serving via Small Language Model Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-13T01:42:04.221906Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 4f495410-efb5-4926-87f1-8dcf3557bdb5 · inbound

Characterize Then Distill: Mechanistic Reasoning in Large Output Spaces cites this paper.

Characterize Then Distill: Mechanistic Reasoning in Large Output Spaces Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques

Reference 141

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-27T22:31:21.605739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 4fbda2fd-a0ef-45e3-b4ae-6be656850ee8 · inbound

From Sampled Outcomes to Capability Distributions: Rethinking Supervision for LLM Routing cites this paper.

From Sampled Outcomes to Capability Distributions: Rethinking Supervision for LLM Routing Towards Efficient Multi-LLM Inference: Characterization and Analysis of LLM Routing and Hierarchical Techniques

Reference 147

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T16:17:08.806454Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.