Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers

As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 40 of 40 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2507.10787.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2507.10787 v1

Coverage vector

measured 40 of 40 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:07.640675Z

measured 42 of 42 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T16:30:31.136261Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-06T16:30:31.307464Z

Reference resolution

40 of 40 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy0
unresolved38
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation b99363ea-4eba-4f45-8a31-618e557dfc7e · outbound

This paper cites URL: " 'urlintro :=.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers URL: " 'urlintro :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:04.323749Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 22b8ac64-78bb-4577-b208-90f9b3d57665 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:04.368718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e5a9c3f9-7ae2-427f-ad34-0a138b266a2c · outbound

This paper cites Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:04.449817Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d0c3f4d7-8bda-4bd6-81b4-977f313e3971 · outbound

This paper cites Pixtral 12B.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Pixtral 12B

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:04.531326Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 10d16190-e8fe-4758-a848-72eb3ad647f2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:04.618409Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8796e80b-e594-4dfc-b3ae-fb429502f2b2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:07.915627Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation c80a5182-77eb-4fdb-a94a-293e18d099f3 · outbound

This paper cites MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Dataset.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Dataset

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:04.765970Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6c9aea2e-7410-445c-bd98-77cece668d73 · outbound

This paper cites Are We on the Right Way for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models?.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Are We on the Right Way for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models?

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:04.848240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2a2f54cb-e7dd-42e1-a323-b373eb3fdae1 · outbound

This paper cites Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scaling.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scaling

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:04.922812Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eb287d19-60e0-4833-bc07-d339cb19759a · outbound

This paper cites How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suites.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suites

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:04.978209Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2ecd8669-a16f-498e-b133-1fe15789f6cc · outbound

This paper cites InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Tasks.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Tasks

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:05.069827Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 01f40b6c-1388-4925-935b-3c80a3c64945 · outbound

This paper cites Smith, and Matt Gardner.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Smith, and Matt Gardner

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:05.124722Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ba029efd-9a29-4598-842a-ecdc1239bbfa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:05.179283Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ae6f7e57-0837-4593-90c2-e9a1119cd005 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:05.239219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 334e95ce-cf68-4d40-b4cb-ef0ce284bd34 · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Mistral 7B

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:05.302054Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e7f99c1a-1018-4d7b-bff9-8b28c0c992df · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:08.425295Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 1d59d37e-19a2-4f80-9f12-16762b631892 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:08.411100Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation b5e4b3d7-6af4-49fa-8111-1af61f880c86 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:05.509779Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cdb25fbd-cde1-407a-9467-8abdd9faef52 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:05.593337Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c8a5e407-34d7-4780-8eaf-88fd4a99f7d5 · outbound

This paper cites Multimodal ArXiv: A Dataset for Improving Scientific Comprehension of Large Vision-Language Models.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Multimodal ArXiv: A Dataset for Improving Scientific Comprehension of Large Vision-Language Models

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:05.650761Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 044ab6aa-2244-4981-92ce-04b773551df5 · outbound

This paper cites MMSci: A Dataset for Graduate-Level Multi-Discipline Multimodal Scientific Understanding.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers MMSci: A Dataset for Graduate-Level Multi-Discipline Multimodal Scientific Understanding

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:05.740970Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3eb3f74c-c218-4016-a650-a18040ae32b7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:05.826505Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b24dc2c8-4c71-4aa0-9aad-a0637e9209e8 · outbound

This paper cites Phi-4-Mini Technical Report: Compact yet Powerful Multimodal Language Models via Mixture-of-LoRAs.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Phi-4-Mini Technical Report: Compact yet Powerful Multimodal Language Models via Mixture-of-LoRAs

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:05.896510Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 25142980-5bc6-4eb2-b329-93ce83754834 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:08.388176Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 382fc33b-16e6-4699-aaba-acd5827d985f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:06.049930Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 71bd2513-1153-4eab-b086-c74f2c90175a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:06.136390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bb40fc52-03d6-4547-9925-b7af17cad8d1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:06.217193Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6c352d2f-aa14-4ffc-a768-154632781046 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:06.304628Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6275a39d-90ca-4360-87a1-9d12b2d43538 · outbound

This paper cites SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:06.331385Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1191d5ff-83d9-4e54-a420-914825945272 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:07.848985Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation da3d9eed-3254-4b24-94c5-9dc8ff57d16a · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:06.587372Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d7e8f31e-7830-455b-b15c-479061fff83a · outbound

This paper cites SciVer: Evaluating Foundation Models for Multimodal Scientific Claim Verification.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers SciVer: Evaluating Foundation Models for Multimodal Scientific Claim Verification

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:06.719392Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a08a52fe-df0c-4079-b01b-81d1fc293408 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:06.846126Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 25ae9e10-aa6b-45d5-90ff-4765489183a7 · outbound

This paper cites CharXiv: Charting Gaps in Realistic Chart Understanding in Multimodal LLMs.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers CharXiv: Charting Gaps in Realistic Chart Understanding in Multimodal LLMs

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:06.931509Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 36f04ad3-bf4c-4a99-8588-f4fc60c3fc6b · outbound

This paper cites Can LLMs Identify Critical Limitations within Scientific Research? A Systematic Evaluation on AI Research Papers.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Can LLMs Identify Critical Limitations within Scientific Research? A Systematic Evaluation on AI Research Papers

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:07.060555Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation efda6167-a745-4e83-a8d0-db77df776e65 · outbound

This paper cites HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answering.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answering

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:07.197864Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 21d1c6a6-bd64-4f82-866a-66be6cb485c1 · outbound

This paper cites MMMU-Pro: A More Robust Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding Benchmark.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers MMMU-Pro: A More Robust Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding Benchmark

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:07.341130Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 97a6cfaf-e4f6-460f-89ee-bf1172063639 · outbound

This paper cites MathVerse: Does Your Multi-modal LLM Truly See the Diagrams in Visual Math Problems?.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers MathVerse: Does Your Multi-modal LLM Truly See the Diagrams in Visual Math Problems?

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:07.461658Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation abf220af-2417-422e-a176-c5b2eeabcc1c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:08.345290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 39fcad47-da71-48c5-9064-ca3947aff16e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:31:07.640675Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation ead4df80-43c5-4fa2-9cd1-94d2e2f83fb5 · inbound

AbGen: Evaluating Large Language Models in Ablation Study Design and Evaluation for Scientific Research cites this paper.

AbGen: Evaluating Large Language Models in Ablation Study Design and Evaluation for Scientific Research Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers

Reference 48

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T16:30:31.315034Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 3cb0960e-baa3-40ee-8dd8-6a12d855d23e · inbound

Querying Multimodal Scientific Papers with AI: Practices and Preferences Across Blind, Low-Vision, and Sighted Scientists cites this paper.

Querying Multimodal Scientific Papers with AI: Practices and Preferences Across Blind, Low-Vision, and Sighted Scientists Can Multimodal Foundation Models Understand Schematic Diagrams? An Empirical Study on Information-Seeking QA over Scientific Papers

Reference 59

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T15:17:47.809683Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.