Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 46 of 46 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2507.13390.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2507.13390 v1

Coverage vector

measured 46 of 46 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:03.889219Z

measured 47 of 47 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-08T11:08:22.322879Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-11T19:41:10.936096Z

Reference resolution

46 of 46 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy15
unresolved29
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation ec39432d-d00f-4754-8f1d-738e574cca6e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:00.837221Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f6b38582-d451-4251-af46-8d7606523b0b · outbound

This paper cites Gqa: Train- ing generalized multi-query transformer models from multi-head checkpoints, 2023.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Gqa: Train- ing generalized multi-query transformer models from multi-head checkpoints, 2023

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:08.337677Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 5966614f-3055-4f9a-905f-60b5fc76c459 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen Technical Report.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Qwen Technical Report

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:01.013623Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 60606714-15ab-4693-b6b0-c471271ad573 · outbound

This paper cites Llama-nemotron: Efficient reasoning models, 2025.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Llama-nemotron: Efficient reasoning models, 2025

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:01.106172Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7628197f-8d7f-47b8-9e1b-14c9c00d2afb · outbound

This paper cites Piqa: Reasoning about physical commonsense in natural language.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Piqa: Reasoning about physical commonsense in natural language

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:01.175367Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ad14af7b-2faa-4f53-ae64-de4bfe234d6a · outbound

This paper cites Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:01.246765Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1cd968e8-1f74-4502-b9db-50a368a5b3dd · outbound

This paper cites Free dolly: Introducing the world’s first truly open instruction-tuned llm, 2023.https://www.databricks.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Free dolly: Introducing the world’s first truly open instruction-tuned llm, 2023.https://www.databricks

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:07.982568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 4ee30820-4d5b-4e7b-8bfd-75d8876ed826 · outbound

This paper cites Ultrafeedback: Boosting language models with high-quality feedback, 2023.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Ultrafeedback: Boosting language models with high-quality feedback, 2023

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:01.411196Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 752491df-843e-4439-b3fd-7422b474048a · outbound

This paper cites Language Identification on Short Textual Data.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Language Identification on Short Textual Data

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:07.684055Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 9f29c883-666f-44a8-9e7f-2b84474eb3ca · outbound

This paper cites Distributed, combined CPU and GPU profiling within HPX using APEX.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Distributed, combined CPU and GPU profiling within HPX using APEX

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:01.625197Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 23dc06b4-6581-4dd6-90f5-0152c12e0d99 · outbound

This paper cites Enhancing Chat Language Models by Scaling High-quality Instructional Conversations.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Enhancing Chat Language Models by Scaling High-quality Instructional Conversations

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:01.676637Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation de1e25ac-168b-489c-aed8-3b8b0744301d · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:01.733838Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e0291aba-4797-44fc-9cc8-81fd76bc08c9 · outbound

This paper cites Toxigen: A large-scale machine-generated dataset for adversarial and implicit hate speech detection, 2022.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Toxigen: A large-scale machine-generated dataset for adversarial and implicit hate speech detection, 2022

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:07.524005Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 935a8dab-5069-4972-b529-1f7a840a6697 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring massive multitask language understanding.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Measuring massive multitask language understanding

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:01.845921Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 50c67cb0-be0e-4a23-88f3-2f84125fabed · outbound

This paper cites TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading Comprehension.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading Comprehension

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:01.888352Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0b486fc2-8896-4499-9c9c-47ce8ae31084 · outbound

This paper cites Adapting Multilingual LLMs to Low-Resource Languages using Continued Pre-training and Synthetic Corpus.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Adapting Multilingual LLMs to Low-Resource Languages using Continued Pre-training and Synthetic Corpus

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:01.967065Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 10413c55-b539-47f7-9c77-4c222bcf9123 · outbound

This paper cites Mistral–a journey towards reproducible language model training, 2021.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Mistral–a journey towards reproducible language model training, 2021

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:07.315332Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 8ed5ac82-8a1c-4c97-9785-b523bb4853c4 · outbound

This paper cites IndicLLMSuite: A Blueprint for Creating Pre-training and Fine-Tuning Datasets for Indian Languages.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model IndicLLMSuite: A Blueprint for Creating Pre-training and Fine-Tuning Datasets for Indian Languages

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:02.094590Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a337887b-2b14-4499-95ed-b4e9dcc94e3f · outbound

This paper cites Prometheus: Inducing Fine-grained Evaluation Capability in Language Models.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Prometheus: Inducing Fine-grained Evaluation Capability in Language Models

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:02.137915Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0fd03111-2511-4553-bc86-11dbb30de01c · outbound

This paper cites NeMo: a toolkit for building AI applications using Neural Modules.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model NeMo: a toolkit for building AI applications using Neural Modules

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:02.200013Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 852c309b-ee35-4210-b340-b3b89fb3b35e · outbound

This paper cites Mi- randa, Alisa Liu, Nouha Dziri, Shane Lyu, Yuling Gu, Saumya Malik, Victoria Graf, Jena D.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Mi- randa, Alisa Liu, Nouha Dziri, Shane Lyu, Yuling Gu, Saumya Malik, Victoria Graf, Jena D

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:07.114639Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation a877a7e9-1468-4bef-aef1-2ade7ba02e5a · outbound

This paper cites Openorca: An open dataset of gpt augmented flan reasoning traces.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Openorca: An open dataset of gpt augmented flan reasoning traces

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:06.940195Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 59279275-01fd-4296-b810-00f394529c5e · outbound

This paper cites TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoods.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoods

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:02.398112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d6732303-25ae-408d-a987-e6827dbfd91b · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:02.443496Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f247b87d-ce21-49dc-a73b-4d5d779666f9 · outbound

This paper cites Llm360: Towards fully transparent open-source llms.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Llm360: Towards fully transparent open-source llms

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:06.747563Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 90a6a30d-8f8a-4115-a75c-36b9b7036fd9 · outbound

This paper cites Udaan-machine learning based post-editing tool for document translation.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Udaan-machine learning based post-editing tool for document translation

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:06.555820Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 294285fa-b9dd-4d34-87f4-bfcc771d5a4c · outbound

This paper cites Dictdis: Dictionary constrained disambiguation for improved nmt.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Dictdis: Dictionary constrained disambiguation for improved nmt

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:06.329618Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 2a77e18f-62de-4fdc-be36-b656fff17e07 · outbound

This paper cites Sanskriti: A comprehensive benchmark for evaluating language models’ knowledge of indian culture, 2025.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Sanskriti: A comprehensive benchmark for evaluating language models’ knowledge of indian culture, 2025

Reference 29

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:04.553885Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 422cd16d-b669-497a-976f-0d4f4faeaf31 · outbound

This paper cites The lambada dataset: Word prediction requiring a broad discourse context,.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model The lambada dataset: Word prediction requiring a broad discourse context,

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:06.038044Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation a21022d4-6a02-4323-bf3a-1c9beab5c680 · outbound

This paper cites Nemotron-4 15B Technical Report.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Nemotron-4 15B Technical Report

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:02.868585Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ebeabe2c-e97a-45d0-8614-b67380ca9ee3 · outbound

This paper cites The fineweb datasets: Decanting the web for the finest text data at scale.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model The fineweb datasets: Decanting the web for the finest text data at scale

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:05.828368Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 0a7184ef-75b7-45ed-b0fb-ce2d909a09ff · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:03.038791Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 25dcc10e-9bfb-4b32-ba8f-5dd91f51e961 · outbound

This paper cites Samanantar: The largest publicly available parallel corpora collection for 11 indic languages.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Samanantar: The largest publicly available parallel corpora collection for 11 indic languages

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:05.607256Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 8ad56cd0-ecc3-430f-96dc-92b8e721f8b6 · outbound

This paper cites Deepspeed: System optimizations enable training deep learning models with over 100 billion parameters.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Deepspeed: System optimizations enable training deep learning models with over 100 billion parameters

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:03.156596Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7dfd4a40-a21d-45f9-aec8-e513c4e48b8f · outbound

This paper cites GLU Variants Improve Transformer.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model GLU Variants Improve Transformer

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:03.209847Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b1016798-89e5-4d53-8154-29491f3c9055 · outbound

This paper cites Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelism.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelism

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:03.272022Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ac290d6b-387a-47e9-afc7-29bcb98cb347 · outbound

This paper cites INDIC QA BENCHMARK: A Multilingual Benchmark to Evaluate Question Answering capability of LLMs for Indic Languages.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model INDIC QA BENCHMARK: A Multilingual Benchmark to Evaluate Question Answering capability of LLMs for Indic Languages

Reference 38

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:04.202234Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 38adfbc9-82e4-4804-8839-58dec42a6033 · outbound

This paper cites Nemotron-CC: Transforming Common Crawl into a Refined Long-Horizon Pretraining Dataset.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Nemotron-CC: Transforming Common Crawl into a Refined Long-Horizon Pretraining Dataset

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:03.404164Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a27f08b9-1d73-4e2f-9423-1606614f56b2 · outbound

This paper cites RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embedding.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embedding

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:03.462003Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2ab4c7cf-f262-4683-a943-4a28966ad181 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:05.414088Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 460b740f-8fad-4b38-9094-3f1936086e71 · outbound

This paper cites Dclm framework: understanding collaboration in open-ended tabletop learning environments.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Dclm framework: understanding collaboration in open-ended tabletop learning environments

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:05.246895Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation a9b1d884-7926-426a-9b28-11160519aeee · outbound

This paper cites MILU: A Multi-task Indic Language Understanding Benchmark.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model MILU: A Multi-task Indic Language Understanding Benchmark

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:03.748488Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1c915cf1-e26e-49c0-89bc-0dad3bd7f65f · outbound

This paper cites Super-NaturalInstructions: Generalization via Declarative Instructions on 1600+ NLP Tasks.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Super-NaturalInstructions: Generalization via Declarative Instructions on 1600+ NLP Tasks

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:03.810679Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3402cef5-4e2d-46a6-a717-eb74e53e7697 · outbound

This paper cites code": <1-5>,.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model code": <1-5>,

Reference 45

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:05.086857Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation fb7d7a73-eeb5-4225-88c7-1343628eca51 · outbound

This paper cites The LAMBADA dataset: Word prediction requiring a broad discourse context.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model The LAMBADA dataset: Word prediction requiring a broad discourse context

Reference 2016

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:02.806485Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6eee15cb-1906-4c53-8200-ec87f063bc24 · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size.

PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:04:03.594147Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 712d513a-bfce-44ef-a28e-7111e679771a · inbound

XL-SafetyBench: A Country-Grounded Cross-Cultural Benchmark for LLM Safety and Cultural Sensitivity cites this paper.

XL-SafetyBench: A Country-Grounded Cross-Cultural Benchmark for LLM Safety and Cultural Sensitivity PARAM-1 BharatGen 2.9B Model

Reference 36

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T19:41:10.942957Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.