Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures?

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 31 of 31 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2507.21319.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2507.21319 v1

Coverage vector

measured 31 of 31 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:19.878436Z

measured 31 of 31 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

31 of 31 outbound references displayed

verified exact4
verified fuzzy7
unresolved19
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 295610d4-5812-4758-8399-a7970790b9d3 · outbound

This paper cites Probing Pre-Trained Language Models for Cross-Cultural Differences in Values.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Probing Pre-Trained Language Models for Cross-Cultural Differences in Values

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:17.591788Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bc5188f2-4cb2-4f54-b246-0fb86b34a676 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:17.635978Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation be1d2a74-48e8-487d-bd14-dd7d5cf6376a · outbound

This paper cites Benkler, D.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Benkler, D

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:21.817728Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 99a0b6d6-7243-4ef4-bf8e-eb4eab071f89 · outbound

This paper cites Quantifying and Reducing Stereotypes in Word Embeddings.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Quantifying and Reducing Stereotypes in Word Embeddings

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:17.866960Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9460bc0c-222d-4bfc-bfe5-cf7b503778f8 · outbound

This paper cites Chinese Tiny LLM: Pretraining a Chinese-Centric Large Language Model.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Chinese Tiny LLM: Pretraining a Chinese-Centric Large Language Model

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:17.927022Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e74cf951-3223-4422-9384-4731cad47184 · outbound

This paper cites Graham, P.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Graham, P

Reference 6

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:18.000239Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5cdf14f9-4535-44c1-8dc0-7e865bfbff15 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:21.800124Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 355b5184-4ed5-45f0-8cdb-ec640784290b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:21.782440Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 2715f5a9-6626-4edd-9609-b190c282ce65 · outbound

This paper cites Henrich, S.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Henrich, S

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:21.764528Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 7bf6f9f1-56f7-4063-85f3-cf5ce1b1d238 · outbound

This paper cites The Ghost in the Machine has an American accent: value conflict in GPT-3.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? The Ghost in the Machine has an American accent: value conflict in GPT-3

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:18.401125Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cb697fef-6b5c-4664-8033-1c0769830dc5 · outbound

This paper cites Karpouzis.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Karpouzis

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:20.050910Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation d9cef954-c725-4e9e-b9b4-4e76850534dd · outbound

This paper cites How Well Do LLMs Represent Values Across Cultures? Empirical Analysis of LLM Responses Based on Hofstede Cultural Dimensions.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? How Well Do LLMs Represent Values Across Cultures? Empirical Analysis of LLM Responses Based on Hofstede Cultural Dimensions

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:18.516987Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e1872bba-1269-491e-911d-d3d415146b44 · outbound

This paper cites Lazarenko and T.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Lazarenko and T

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:21.744050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 4055fa2f-0707-4cb9-a3a5-73ce7fe118c6 · outbound

This paper cites BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:18.749226Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6c6aa26d-7f13-4080-9efc-f2e9c4ae2443 · outbound

This paper cites Are Multilingual LLMs Culturally-Diverse Reasoners? An Investigation into Multicultural Proverbs and Sayings.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Are Multilingual LLMs Culturally-Diverse Reasoners? An Investigation into Multicultural Proverbs and Sayings

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:18.809487Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b3b3362c-5efe-459f-921e-7c2955646be2 · outbound

This paper cites Mishra, G.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Mishra, G

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:18.881716Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a5a256fe-e6b6-437a-9631-ea86e1b9bee1 · outbound

This paper cites Explainability in Practice: A Survey of Explainable NLP Across Various Domains.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Explainability in Practice: A Survey of Explainable NLP Across Various Domains

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:18.953073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 20f6b04b-6f20-4396-8af0-e4e47826cf25 · outbound

This paper cites Mohammadi, E.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Mohammadi, E

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:20.930543Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 45149c1e-9996-4cc2-b94f-7baf267c0fe0 · outbound

This paper cites Assessing the Reliability of LLMs Annotations in the Context of Demographic Bias and Model Explanation.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Assessing the Reliability of LLMs Annotations in the Context of Demographic Bias and Model Explanation

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:20.600014Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 4f2e5c54-5532-4393-9a40-1567baa948da · outbound

This paper cites Nazaretsky, S.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Nazaretsky, S

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:21.722924Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 558209ae-13af-4569-be3b-ed72b4c4d90f · outbound

This paper cites Nemani, Y.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Nemani, Y

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:19.287531Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 92ca5a52-e552-412d-bcdd-6a1259c64a62 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:19.347054Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b568d541-043b-4367-82b8-62acebd7917f · outbound

This paper cites Radford, J.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Radford, J

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:21.703397Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation cff967ec-50aa-4c61-8be1-229cb2d19010 · outbound

This paper cites Knowledge of cultural moral norms in large language models.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Knowledge of cultural moral norms in large language models

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:19.541508Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c92a8b19-1d51-4882-bc22-83e2167518b0 · outbound

This paper cites big three.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? big three

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:21.686625Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 1cf91452-94d2-48e5-95f7-a951a3be8cb7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:19.708260Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1f7d78df-948e-46ae-ba19-b7069d61328d · outbound

This paper cites OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:19.806539Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 54bfee19-1971-4b9a-9807-07d084487a99 · outbound

This paper cites Zou and L.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Zou and L

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:21.669589Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 1b1831da-cf7a-4011-bff2-6ffbc492755b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Unresolved cited work

Reference 2001

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:18.233385Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 15fcdfec-14a4-4497-b839-5c0781e7af18 · outbound

This paper cites Pairwise Adjusted Mutual Information.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Pairwise Adjusted Mutual Information

Reference 2021

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:21.374738Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 369b01b3-1838-4771-b625-806d2fc31267 · outbound

This paper cites Assessing LLMs for Moral Value Pluralism.

Do Large Language Models Understand Morality Across Cultures? Assessing LLMs for Moral Value Pluralism

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T13:00:17.787181Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.