Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 24 of 24 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2508.12662.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2508.12662 v1

Coverage vector

measured 24 of 24 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.521293Z

measured 24 of 24 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

24 of 24 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy3
unresolved20
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 0e998f95-3807-4c61-9bc9-ca00efbfedbd · outbound

This paper cites Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.402488Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5b9fbdf2-1288-4601-93ef-b9bd3945ee27 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:42.029348Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 05747f6b-744b-419a-8fb8-26675ec35e57 · outbound

This paper cites A Systematic Investigation of Commonsense Knowledge in Large Language Mod- els.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models A Systematic Investigation of Commonsense Knowledge in Large Language Mod- els

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:42.010897Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7c0c3a15-eb80-47eb-851c-aa92e58480c0 · outbound

This paper cites MaLA-500: Massive Language Adaptation of Large Language Models.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models MaLA-500: Massive Language Adaptation of Large Language Models

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.455235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 39410ee3-1535-4c68-bc61-40c7aa6c3246 · outbound

This paper cites Can a Suit of Armor Conduct Electricity? A New Dataset for Open Book Question Answering.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models Can a Suit of Armor Conduct Electricity? A New Dataset for Open Book Question Answering

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.460317Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation af84e85b-04c8-4f57-996d-28d2503d3b4c · outbound

This paper cites Democratizing LLMs for Low-Resource Languages by Leveraging their English Dominant Abilities with Linguistically-Diverse Prompts.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models Democratizing LLMs for Low-Resource Languages by Leveraging their English Dominant Abilities with Linguistically-Diverse Prompts

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.470534Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aec18f7e-309d-47b5-8645-e609a906c626 · outbound

This paper cites XCOPA: A Multilingual Dataset for Causal Com- monsense Reasoning.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models XCOPA: A Multilingual Dataset for Causal Com- monsense Reasoning

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.973023Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 54784030-bfd0-49b2-884c-d0ba9b4610e6 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.480474Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 973aba22-b074-4278-92fe-6c0a82d454ac · outbound

This paper cites CommonsenseQA: A Question Answering Challenge Targeting Commonsense Knowledge.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models CommonsenseQA: A Question Answering Challenge Targeting Commonsense Knowledge

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.491006Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cb93a231-8e79-4583-acb5-26f459ddd63a · outbound

This paper cites How Can We Effectively Expand the V o- cabulary of LLMs with 0.01GB of Target Language Text? arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.11477,.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models How Can We Effectively Expand the V o- cabulary of LLMs with 0.01GB of Target Language Text? arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.11477,

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.496191Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4ed32078-a645-461e-9e3a-a0dbbc3fc235 · outbound

This paper cites An Empirical Study on Cross-lingual Vocabulary Adaptation for Efficient Language Model Inference.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models An Empirical Study on Cross-lingual Vocabulary Adaptation for Efficient Language Model Inference

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.500884Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation da9337d2-e6cf-4e09-97a4-17f30babffc4 · outbound

This paper cites Prompting Multilingual Large Language Models to Generate Code-Mixed Texts: The Case of South East Asian Languages.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models Prompting Multilingual Large Language Models to Generate Code-Mixed Texts: The Case of South East Asian Languages

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.506280Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fbca1a4e-3c4d-4608-a6a4-b43aef7aef0b · outbound

This paper cites Don't Trust ChatGPT when Your Question is not in English: A Study of Multilingual Abilities and Types of LLMs.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models Don't Trust ChatGPT when Your Question is not in English: A Study of Multilingual Abilities and Types of LLMs

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.511180Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f51fe2d9-56a3-4314-83a0-4370723c5730 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey of Large Language Models.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models A Survey of Large Language Models

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.516408Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c8617c72-6428-475a-8de9-ecb7a29c5d1d · outbound

This paper cites Beyond English-Centric LLMs: What Language Do Multilingual Language Models Think in?.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models Beyond English-Centric LLMs: What Language Do Multilingual Language Models Think in?

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.521293Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 771ec8e0-047f-485d-a4bb-965e0640078d · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 2002

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.419085Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7ce28566-1378-4646-a61e-951214d6bc80 · outbound

This paper cites Analyzing and Reducing the Performance Gap in Cross-Lingual Transfer with Fine-tuning Slow and Fast.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models Analyzing and Reducing the Performance Gap in Cross-Lingual Transfer with Fine-tuning Slow and Fast

Reference 2015

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.867416Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 6c518735-6872-4641-a0d2-638c713399bd · outbound

This paper cites CoCoa: An Encoder- Decoder Model for Controllable Code-switched Gen- eration.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models CoCoa: An Encoder- Decoder Model for Controllable Code-switched Gen- eration

Reference 2018

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.990611Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7b57f09d-ddac-4dd9-8255-3b3fb8a198d1 · outbound

This paper cites Continual Pre-Training for Cross-Lingual LLM Adaptation: Enhancing Japanese Language Capabilities.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models Continual Pre-Training for Cross-Lingual LLM Adaptation: Enhancing Japanese Language Capabilities

Reference 2019

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.423911Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5d2119a8-84e2-4824-99e0-ff51a3f8f2cd · outbound

This paper cites Language Models are Few-Shot Learners.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models Language Models are Few-Shot Learners

Reference 2020

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.408474Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aeee3ca5-ab90-4440-aa17-926ed753e5a7 · outbound

This paper cites Language Ranker: A Metric for Quantifying LLM Performance Across High and Low-Resource Languages.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models Language Ranker: A Metric for Quantifying LLM Performance Across High and Low-Resource Languages

Reference 2022

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.449186Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 538b1e2e-e9bb-418a-8312-a730382d94a5 · outbound

This paper cites Not All Languages Are Created Equal in LLMs: Improving Multilingual Capability by Cross-Lingual-Thought Prompting.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models Not All Languages Are Created Equal in LLMs: Improving Multilingual Capability by Cross-Lingual-Thought Prompting

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.433280Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 33b07c9b-c2fa-4f3e-8697-3da3e67e958f · outbound

This paper cites QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.413954Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7b7ca13d-5cc8-4c94-b1d0-66950aa0e3c5 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models.

Breaking Language Barriers: Equitable Performance in Multilingual Language Models Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:22:41.485656Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.