Precise determination of electron-capture Q value of ¹¹³Sn decay related to electron neutrino mass measurements

Zhuang Ge , Tommi Eronen , Vasile Alin Sevestrean , Ovidiu Nitescu , Sabin Stoica , Marlom Ramalho , Jouni Suhonen , Anu Kankainen

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Marjut Hukkanen Arthur Jaries Ari Jokinen Joel Kostensalo Jenni Kotila Maxime Mougeot Iain D. Moore Wirunchana Rattanasakuldilok Jouni Ruotsalainen Marek Stryjczyk

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Pith reviewed 2026-05-13 17:46 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ⚛️ nucl-ex nucl-th

keywords valuemassallowedatomicstatetransitiondecaydelta

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The pith

The ground-state to ground-state electron-capture Q value of 113Sn is 1039.25(19) keV, with an allowed transition at 9.60(20) keV showing enhanced endpoint sensitivity due to proximity to L-shell binding energies.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The team trapped charged atoms of tin and its daughter indium in a strong magnetic field inside the JYFLTRAP device. They measured how fast each ion circled by using a phase-imaging technique that resolves tiny frequency differences. From the frequency ratio they calculated the exact mass difference, which equals the energy released when an electron is captured from an inner shell. This energy is the Q value. They found two possible final states in indium where very little energy remains after the capture. One of these is an allowed transition leaving only 9.6 keV. Because this leftover energy sits close to the binding energy of electrons in the L shell, the shape of the emitted electron and neutrino energy spectrum becomes more sensitive to any small neutrino mass. The authors then used standard atomic and nuclear models to calculate the expected spectrum shape and showed that including effects from electrons just below the energy threshold boosts the number of events near zero neutrino energy by a factor of five.

Core claim

The gs-to-gs Q value of 1039.25(19) keV was determined, and the allowed transition to the 1029.650(50) keV state has Q_EC^* = 9.60(20) keV with small energy differences from L1 and L2 shell bindings that enhance endpoint events; including subthreshold atomic states increases the EC rate near zero neutrino momentum by a factor of five.

Load-bearing premise

The self-consistent Dirac-Hartree-Fock-Slater method with exchange, overlap, shake-up and shake-off corrections, combined with the nuclear shell model, accurately predicts the spectral function and partial half-lives near the endpoint for this specific low-Q transition.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2604.03410 by Anu Kankainen, Ari Jokinen, Arthur Jaries, Iain D. Moore, Jenni Kotila, Joel Kostensalo, Jouni Ruotsalainen, Jouni Suhonen, Marek Stryjczyk, Marjut Hukkanen, Marlom Ramalho, Maxime Mougeot, Ovidiu Nitescu, Sabin Stoica, Tommi Eronen, Vasile Alin Sevestrean, Wirunchana Rattanasakuldilok, Zhuang Ge.

**Figure 2.** Figure 2: depicts a representative measurement with cyclotron and magnetron phase spots relative to the central spot. Delays were scanned over magnetron and cyclotron periods to correct for residual motion impacts, ensuring accurate phase measurements. The total interleaved data accumulation time for νc determinations of 113mSn+- 113In+ approximated 8.5 hours. The isomeric EC Q value, Q m EC, was calculated from th… view at source ↗

**Figure 3.** Figure 3: FIG. 3. (Color online). Measured experimental results compared [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_3.png] view at source ↗

**Figure 4.** Figure 4: FIG. 4. Normalized released-energy distribution for the allowed elec [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_4.png] view at source ↗

**Figure 5.** Figure 5: FIG. 5. Enlarged detail of Fig [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_5.png] view at source ↗

read the original abstract

A high-precision measurement of the electron-capture (EC) decay $Q$ value for the ground-state-to-ground-state (gs-to-gs) transition of $^{113}$Sn to $^{113}$In has been performed using the JYFLTRAP double Penning trap mass spectrometer. Employing the phase-imaging ion-cyclotron-resonance technique, the isomeric state of $^{113}$Sn at 77.389(19) keV was resolved, and the cyclotron frequency ratio measured between the isomer $^{113m}$Sn and the daughter nucleus $^{113}$In. This yielded an isomer-to-ground-state $Q$ value of 1116.64(19) keV and gs-to-gs $Q$ value of 1039.25(19) keV. The atomic mass excess of $^{113}$Sn was determined as $-$88327.87(27) keV/c$^2$, in excellent agreement with the Atomic Mass Evaluation 2020 (AME2020) but with a sixfold precision improvement. Using nuclear energy-level data for $^{113}$In, we identified two low $Q$-value transitions of the ground state of $^{113}$Sn to excited states of $^{113}$In at 1024.280(50) keV ($Q_{EC}^* = 14.97(20)$ keV, second forbidden non-unique) and 1029.650(50) keV ($Q_{EC}^* = 9.60(20)$ keV, allowed). The allowed transition exhibits small energy differences ($\Delta_{L1} = 5.58(20)$ keV, $\Delta_{L2} = 5.87(20)$ keV) from L1 and L2 shell binding energies, enhancing endpoint events. Partial half-lives and energy-release spectra were calculated using the self-consistent Dirac-Hartree-Fock-Slater (DHFS) method (including exchange, overlap, shake-up, and shake-off corrections) together with the nuclear shell model, show enhanced endpoint sensitivity for the allowed transition to the state at 1029.650 keV. Including subthreshold atomic states in the spectral function enhances the EC rate near the zero-neutrino-momentum region by a factor of five, enabling new approaches for low $Q$-value EC reactions in neutrino-mass studies.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

This paper sharpens the 113Sn gs-to-gs EC Q value by a factor of six and flags the 9.6 keV allowed transition as a candidate with calculated endpoint enhancement.

read the letter

The punchline is that this work gives a six-times-better Q value for the 113Sn ground-state electron-capture decay and flags a specific allowed transition at 9.6 keV that shows calculated endpoint enhancement from atomic effects. They measured the cyclotron frequency ratio between the 113mSn isomer and 113In using phase-imaging ICR at JYFLTRAP. This directly yields the isomer-to-ground-state Q value of 1116.64(19) keV. Subtracting the known 77 keV isomer energy produces the gs-to-gs Q value of 1039.25(19) keV, along with the mass excess for 113Sn. The result lines up with AME2020 but tightens the uncertainty. From nuclear level data they pick the allowed transition to the 1029.65 keV state with Q_EC* = 9.60(20) keV, where the L1 and L2 binding energies are close enough to boost events near the endpoint. The DHFS calculation with shell model shows the rate near zero neutrino momentum rises by a factor of five when subthreshold states are added. The experimental technique is standard and the uncertainty breakdown looks complete. The theoretical spectra are an illustration of the potential rather than the central claim. The main soft spot is that the enhancement factor depends on the details of the atomic corrections in the DHFS approach. Those are established methods, but for this low-Q case the modeling choices could shift the number, and the paper would be stronger with a cross-check from another code or experiment. The Q-value result itself is not affected. This is relevant for groups working on precision EC decays for neutrino-mass limits. The experimental result is solid and the thinking is clear, so it deserves peer review.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity in the derivation chain

full rationale

The paper's central claim is a direct experimental determination of the gs-to-gs Q value of 1039.25(19) keV from the measured cyclotron frequency ratio between the resolved 113mSn isomer and 113In using JYFLTRAP phase-imaging ion-cyclotron-resonance. This does not reduce to any fitted parameter, self-referential equation, or ansatz within the paper. Nuclear level data for identifying the allowed transition at Q_EC^* = 9.60(20) keV are taken from external literature, and the DHFS spectral calculations (including exchange/overlap/shake corrections) are presented as an independent illustration of endpoint sensitivity rather than a prerequisite or load-bearing step for the measured Q value. The derivation chain is self-contained against external benchmarks with no circular reductions.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

The primary result is an experimental mass measurement that introduces no free parameters. Supporting spectral calculations rest on standard atomic and nuclear models.

axioms (2)

domain assumption The phase-imaging ion-cyclotron-resonance technique in a Penning trap accurately determines cyclotron frequency ratios between parent and daughter ions.
Invoked in the extraction of the isomer-to-ground-state and gs-to-gs Q values from measured frequency ratios.
domain assumption The self-consistent Dirac-Hartree-Fock-Slater method including exchange, overlap, shake-up and shake-off corrections, together with the nuclear shell model, correctly describes the electron-capture spectral function for low-Q transitions.
Used to compute partial half-lives and the energy-release spectra that demonstrate the fivefold enhancement near zero neutrino momentum.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5846 in / 1643 out tokens · 103957 ms · 2026-05-13T17:46:41.076554+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Reference graph

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