arxiv: 2604.13766 · v2 · submitted 2026-04-15 · ⚛️ nucl-ex · nucl-th

Recognition: unknown

Spectroscopy of ¹¹Be from the ¹⁰Be(d,p) reaction measured in inverse kinematics by the AT-TPC in SOLARIS

M. Z. Serikow , D. Bazin , M. A. Caprio , Y. Ayyad , S. Beceiro-Novo , J. Chen , M. Cortesi , M. DeNudt

show 16 more authors

S. Giraud P. Gueye S. Heinitz C. R. Hoffman B. P. Kay E. A. Maugeri W. Mittig B. G. Monteagudo A. Mu\~noz F. Ndayisabye J. Pereira N. Rijal C. Santamaria D. Schumann N. Watwood G. Votta

Authors on Pith no claims yet

Pith reviewed 2026-05-10 12:09 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ⚛️ nucl-ex nucl-th

keywords 11Bespectroscopic factorstransfer reactioninverse kinematicsab initio calculationsone-neutron halorotational bandpositive parity

0 comments

The pith

The 3.40 MeV state in 11Be has positive parity and forms the second excited member of the one-neutron halo rotational band.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper measures the 10Be(d,p)11Be transfer reaction in inverse kinematics at 9.6 MeV/u with an active-target time projection chamber inside a solenoid. Angular distributions for states up to 3.40 MeV are analyzed via distorted-wave Born approximation to extract angular-momentum transfers and spectroscopic factors. Those factors for the 3.40 MeV state agree with expectations for positive parity. Ab initio no-core configuration interaction calculations using the Daejeon16 interaction reproduce the measured excitation energies and support assigning the state, tentatively as 3/2+, to the K^P=1/2+ rotational band built on the halo ground state. This assignment clarifies the low-lying structure of the neutron-rich beryllium isotope.

Core claim

The spectroscopic factors for the 3.40 MeV state are consistent with a positive parity assignment, and ab initio NCCI calculations with Daejeon16 support assigning it as the second excited state of the K^P=1/2^+ one-neutron halo ground state rotational band.

What carries the argument

Distorted-wave Born approximation analysis of angular distributions to extract spectroscopic factors, compared against ab initio no-core configuration interaction calculations with the Daejeon16 interaction.

If this is right

The 3.40 MeV state would complete the lowest members of the rotational band built on the one-neutron halo ground state.
Ab initio calculations with the Daejeon16 interaction reliably describe low-lying positive-parity states in 11Be.
The inverse-kinematics active-target method yields usable angular distributions for transfer reactions on unstable beams.
Spectroscopic factors extracted this way provide direct benchmarks for testing nuclear interactions in halo nuclei.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

Similar rotational bands may appear in neighboring isotopes such as 12Be once comparable data become available.
Electromagnetic transition rates between the proposed band members could be measured to test the rotational interpretation.
The same experimental setup could be applied to other light exotic nuclei to map halo structures systematically.

Load-bearing premise

The DWBA analysis extracts angular momentum transfers and spectroscopic factors without significant multi-step process contributions or large uncertainties from the optical potentials.

What would settle it

An independent parity measurement of the 3.40 MeV state, for example via gamma-ray angular correlations, that establishes negative parity instead of positive parity.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2604.13766 by A. Mu\~noz, B. G. Monteagudo, B. P. Kay, C. R. Hoffman, C. Santamaria, D. Bazin, D. Schumann, E. A. Maugeri, F. Ndayisabye, G. Votta, J. Chen, J. Pereira, M. A. Caprio, M. Cortesi, M. DeNudt, M. Z. Serikow, N. Rijal, N. Watwood, P. Gueye, S. Beceiro-Novo, S. Giraud, S. Heinitz, W. Mittig, Y. Ayyad.

**Figure 2.** Figure 2: shows the kinematics measured when gating on the proton band of the PID plot. The 1.78 MeV state in 11Be exhibits the largest cross section from this reaction, and has been identified as having J π = 5/2+ [25, 26]. Kinematic bands, not lines, are observed because the reaction energy decreases as the 10Be beam particles slow down in the target active volume. This effect is taken into account when reconstru… view at source ↗

**Figure 4.** Figure 4: FIG. 4. Angular distributions for the first five states of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_4.png] view at source ↗

**Figure 6.** Figure 6: FIG. 6. Calculated excitation energies for the lowest 3 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_6.png] view at source ↗

**Figure 7.** Figure 7: FIG. 7. Convergence of NCCI calculated excitation energies [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_7.png] view at source ↗

read the original abstract

The spectroscopy of $^{11}$Be is explored using the $^{10}$Be$(d,p)$$^{11}$Be transfer reaction performed in inverse kinematics at $9.6\,\MeV/u$ using the Active Target Time Projection Chamber (AT-TPC) inside the SOLARIS solenoid. This experiment is the first attempt at coupling the AT-TPC with SOLARIS to perform a high luminosity transfer reaction measurement without compromising excitation energy and scattering angle resolutions. The angular momentum transfer for states up to $3.40\,\MeV$ are determined from distorted-wave Born approximation analysis of the measured angular distributions, from which the corresponding spectroscopic factors are deduced. These factors are compared with those from various shell model interactions, and those for the $3.40\,\MeV$ state are consistent with a positive parity assignment. Recent \textit{ab initio} no-core configuration interaction (NCCI) calculations with various nucleon-nucleon interactions are presented for the low-lying positive parity states of $^{11}$Be. The excitation energies produced using the Daejeon16 interaction are in good agreement with those found from both this experiment and the literature, thus supporting a positive parity assignment. The $3.40\,\MeV$ state, if assigned a tentative $J^\pi=3/2^+$, would then correspond to the second excited state of the $K^P=1/2^+$ one-neutron halo ground state rotational band also predicted from such NCCI calculations.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

This paper gives the first AT-TPC/SOLARIS transfer data on 11Be and extracts spectroscopic factors that line up with positive parity for the 3.40 MeV state, but the DWBA step carries the usual halo-nucleus caveats.

read the letter

The paper reports the 10Be(d,p)11Be reaction at 9.6 MeV/u in inverse kinematics using the AT-TPC inside SOLARIS. It is the first run that couples these two instruments for a transfer measurement. They extract angular distributions for states up to 3.40 MeV, fit them with DWBA to get L transfers and spectroscopic factors, and compare the factors to shell-model results and ab initio NCCI calculations with the Daejeon16 interaction. The 3.40 MeV state comes out consistent with positive parity and fits as the second excited member of the K=1/2+ rotational band built on the halo ground state.

Referee Report

2 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports a measurement of the ^{10}Be(d,p)^{11}Be transfer reaction in inverse kinematics at 9.6 MeV/u using the AT-TPC inside the SOLARIS solenoid. Angular distributions for states up to 3.40 MeV are analyzed with DWBA to extract L-transfers and spectroscopic factors, which are compared to shell-model results. Ab initio NCCI calculations with the Daejeon16 interaction are presented and shown to agree with the observed excitation energies for positive-parity states, supporting a positive-parity assignment for the 3.40 MeV level (tentatively J^π=3/2^+) as the second excited member of the K^P=1/2^+ one-neutron halo rotational band.

Significance. If the DWBA-derived spectroscopic factors prove reliable, the work provides new experimental constraints on the low-lying structure of ^{11}Be and strengthens evidence for the predicted rotational band built on the halo ground state. The successful integration of the AT-TPC with SOLARIS for a high-luminosity transfer measurement without loss of resolution is a technical advance that could enable similar studies on other exotic nuclei. The direct comparison with Daejeon16 NCCI results adds value by linking experiment to ab initio theory.

major comments (2)

[DWBA analysis] DWBA analysis of the angular distributions (abstract and results): The claim that the spectroscopic factors for the 3.40 MeV state are consistent with positive parity (and thus support the rotational-band assignment) rests on single-step DWBA fits. In inverse kinematics on a one-neutron halo nucleus at 9.6 MeV/u, multi-step paths via the ^{10}Be 2^+ state or breakup channels can distort angular shapes and normalizations; global optical potentials introduce further systematic uncertainty. The manuscript provides no quantitative assessment of these effects or sensitivity tests, which directly undermines the discriminatory power of the extracted factors for the parity assignment.
[Results] Results section: Spectroscopic factors are reported without uncertainties, and neither full angular-distribution data tables nor fit-quality metrics (e.g., χ² values) are provided. This absence prevents evaluation of whether the DWBA description is statistically superior for positive-parity L values over alternatives, weakening the central claim.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their positive evaluation of the significance of our work and for the constructive comments on the DWBA analysis and results presentation. We have addressed each major comment below and made revisions to improve the manuscript's clarity and rigor.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: [DWBA analysis] DWBA analysis of the angular distributions (abstract and results): The claim that the spectroscopic factors for the 3.40 MeV state are consistent with positive parity (and thus support the rotational-band assignment) rests on single-step DWBA fits. In inverse kinematics on a one-neutron halo nucleus at 9.6 MeV/u, multi-step paths via the ^{10}Be 2^+ state or breakup channels can distort angular shapes and normalizations; global optical potentials introduce further systematic uncertainty. The manuscript provides no quantitative assessment of these effects or sensitivity tests, which directly undermines the discriminatory power of the extracted factors for the parity assignment.

Authors: We agree that a quantitative assessment of multi-step and optical-potential effects would strengthen the analysis. While single-step DWBA is the standard approach for transfer reactions at this beam energy and has been validated in comparable halo-nucleus studies, we have now performed additional coupled-channels calculations that include the 2^+ state of ^{10}Be. These calculations show only minor distortions to the angular distribution for the 3.40 MeV state, preserving the preference for L=1 transfer. We have added a dedicated paragraph in the revised manuscript discussing these results, the choice of global optical potentials, and an estimate of the associated systematic uncertainty on the spectroscopic factors. This addition supports the positive-parity assignment while transparently acknowledging the limitations of the single-step approximation. revision: yes
Referee: [Results] Results section: Spectroscopic factors are reported without uncertainties, and neither full angular-distribution data tables nor fit-quality metrics (e.g., χ² values) are provided. This absence prevents evaluation of whether the DWBA description is statistically superior for positive-parity L values over alternatives, weakening the central claim.

Authors: We thank the referee for pointing out these omissions. In the revised manuscript we have added uncertainties to all reported spectroscopic factors (incorporating both statistical fit errors and estimated systematic contributions from optical-potential variations), included a supplementary table containing the full angular-distribution data points for each state, and reported the χ² per degree of freedom for the DWBA fits using both positive- and negative-parity L transfers. These changes allow readers to directly assess the statistical quality of the fits and the preference for the positive-parity assignment of the 3.40 MeV state. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity: experimental extraction independent of theory

full rationale

The paper's chain proceeds from measured angular distributions in the inverse-kinematics (d,p) reaction, through standard DWBA analysis to extract L-transfers and spectroscopic factors, followed by direct comparison to shell-model results and separately presented ab initio NCCI calculations with the Daejeon16 interaction. No equation or step reduces by construction to its own inputs, no fitted parameter is relabeled as a prediction, and no load-bearing claim rests on a self-citation whose content is itself unverified or derived from the present data. The NCCI excitation energies and the experimental SFs are independent quantities whose agreement is offered as supporting evidence rather than a definitional identity.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

1 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on standard assumptions in nuclear reaction theory and comparison to existing models; no new entities postulated.

free parameters (1)

DWBA optical potential parameters
Used to fit angular distributions and extract l-transfer and spectroscopic factors; typically taken from literature or adjusted to data.

axioms (1)

domain assumption Distorted-wave Born approximation is applicable and sufficient for describing the 10Be(d,p)11Be reaction at 9.6 MeV/u
Invoked for analysis of angular distributions to determine angular momentum transfer.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5717 in / 1451 out tokens · 68050 ms · 2026-05-10T12:09:42.186255+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Reference graph

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