pith. machine review for the scientific record. sign in

arxiv: 2604.17157 · v1 · submitted 2026-04-18 · ⚛️ physics.ins-det · gr-qc

Recognition: unknown

Nuclear Heterodyne Interferometry for Gravitational Spectroscopy

Ralf R\"ohlsberger

Pith reviewed 2026-05-10 06:17 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ⚛️ physics.ins-det gr-qc
keywords nuclear gravitational spectroscopyheterodyne interferometrygravitational redshiftnuclear resonant scatteringMossbauer effect57Fesynchrotron radiationprecision gravity tests
0
0 comments X

The pith

Nuclear heterodyne interferometry turns gravitational redshift of 57Fe into a measurable accumulating phase drift detectable in hours on meter-scale baselines.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper introduces phase-sensitive heterodyne interferometry applied to time-resolved nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation as a way to perform gravitational spectroscopy on nuclei. In this setup the gravitational redshift no longer appears as a tiny energy shift but as a slowly accumulating phase drift in a delayed beat signal, shifting the measurement from the energy domain to the time domain. A Fisher-information analysis backed by Monte Carlo simulations and measured photon rates demonstrates that the 57Fe redshift can be detected within hours using a vertical baseline of only a few meters. Percent-level tests of deviations from general relativity become reachable on day-long timescales, establishing a practical route to precision gravity measurements in the nuclear sector.

Core claim

Nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation can be arranged in a heterodyne configuration so that the gravitational redshift of 57Fe manifests itself as a slowly accumulating phase drift of the delayed heterodyne beat signal. This converts nuclear gravitational spectroscopy into time-domain interferometry. Fisher-information analysis supported by Monte Carlo simulations and experimentally confirmed photon count rates shows that the redshift is detectable within hours on few-meter vertical baselines, with percent-level sensitivity to general-relativity deviations reachable on day-scale integration times.

What carries the argument

The slowly accumulating phase drift of the delayed heterodyne beat signal that encodes the gravitational redshift in time-resolved nuclear resonant scattering.

If this is right

  • The 57Fe nuclear gravitational redshift becomes detectable within hours on a few-meter vertical baseline.
  • Percent-level constraints on deviations from general relativity are reachable after day-scale integration times.
  • Nuclear gravitational spectroscopy is moved from energy-domain detection to time-domain interferometry.
  • The approach supplies an experimentally realistic and scalable platform for testing gravitational coupling to nuclear structure.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same heterodyne scheme could be applied to other Mössbauer nuclei to compare gravitational responses across different nuclear species.
  • Longer integration or brighter sources would tighten bounds on possible violations of the equivalence principle in the nuclear sector.
  • The method might be combined with existing optical-clock experiments to test whether nuclear and electronic transitions respond identically to gravity.
  • Scaling the baseline or source intensity would allow direct comparison of nuclear redshift measurements against predictions from alternative gravity models.

Load-bearing premise

The accumulating phase drift can be cleanly isolated from unaccounted systematic phase noise or decoherence on short vertical baselines.

What would settle it

A controlled measurement on a vertical baseline of a few meters that fails to register the predicted phase-drift rate for 57Fe after the expected observation time, once known instrumental phase contributions are subtracted.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2604.17157 by Ralf R\"ohlsberger.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. Concept of nuclear heterodyne interferometry for gravitational spectroscopy. (a) A Doppler-driven single-line reference [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Gravitational spectroscopy tests the coupling of gravity to matter by measuring gravitationally induced frequency shifts of quantum transitions. While modern optical clocks probe the gravitational response of electronic transitions with extraordinary precision, tests in the nuclear sector have not progressed since the M\"ossbauer measurements of the gravitational redshift by Pound and Rebka. Here we introduce a new approach to nuclear gravitational spectroscopy based on phase-sensitive heterodyne interferometry of time-resolved nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation. In this scheme the gravitational redshift appears as a slowly accumulating phase drift of a delayed heterodyne beat signal, converting nuclear gravitational spectroscopy from energy-domain detection to time-domain interferometry. A Fisher-information analysis supported by Monte Carlo simulations and experimentally confirmed photon count rates shows that the nuclear gravitational redshift of $^{57}$Fe can be detected within hours on a few-meter-scale vertical baseline, with percent-level precision on deviations from general relativity becoming accessible on day-scale timescales. The method thus establishes an experimentally realistic and scalable platform for precision tests of gravitational coupling to nuclear structure.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript proposes nuclear heterodyne interferometry for gravitational spectroscopy, converting the gravitational redshift of nuclear transitions (e.g., 57Fe) into a measurable time-domain phase drift of a delayed heterodyne beat signal via time-resolved nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation. It supports detectability of the 57Fe redshift within hours on few-meter vertical baselines, and percent-level constraints on GR deviations on day timescales, via a Fisher-information analysis and Monte Carlo simulations that incorporate experimentally confirmed photon count rates.

Significance. If the performance estimates hold, the work establishes a practical, scalable platform for precision tests of gravitational coupling to nuclear structure that extends the historical Pound-Rebka Mössbauer measurements into a time-domain interferometric regime. The explicit use of Fisher information bounds together with Monte Carlo simulations grounded in realistic photon rates provides a concrete, falsifiable feasibility assessment that strengthens the central claim.

major comments (2)
  1. [Fisher-information analysis and Monte Carlo section] The isolation of the slowly accumulating gravitational phase drift from other systematic phase noises (beam jitter, detector timing, or decoherence on short baselines) is load-bearing for the hour-scale detection claim, yet the Fisher-information analysis appears to rely on idealized noise models without a full propagation of all relevant experimental systematics; a concrete error budget or additional simulation showing robustness to these effects is required.
  2. [Monte Carlo simulations] The photon count rates are stated as experimentally confirmed, but the mapping from these rates to the heterodyne beat-signal visibility and phase-extraction precision in the proposed delayed-interferometer geometry needs explicit derivation (including any losses from nuclear resonant scattering efficiency or timing resolution) to confirm the quoted Fisher bounds.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Methods] Notation for the heterodyne beat frequency and the gravitational phase-drift rate should be defined once in the main text with a clear symbol table or equation reference to avoid ambiguity when comparing to the Fisher matrix.
  2. [Results] Figure captions for the Monte Carlo results should include the exact number of trials and the precise noise model parameters used, to facilitate reproducibility.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the constructive and detailed review. The comments highlight important aspects of the analysis that require clarification and expansion. We address each major comment below and will revise the manuscript accordingly to strengthen the presentation of the feasibility analysis.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Fisher-information analysis and Monte Carlo section] The isolation of the slowly accumulating gravitational phase drift from other systematic phase noises (beam jitter, detector timing, or decoherence on short baselines) is load-bearing for the hour-scale detection claim, yet the Fisher-information analysis appears to rely on idealized noise models without a full propagation of all relevant experimental systematics; a concrete error budget or additional simulation showing robustness to these effects is required.

    Authors: We agree that a full propagation of experimental systematics is necessary to support the hour-scale detection claim. The current Fisher-information analysis and Monte Carlo simulations focus on the statistical limits set by the experimentally measured photon rates under the assumption that the dominant noise is Poissonian shot noise in the heterodyne beat signal. In the revised manuscript we will add a dedicated subsection presenting a concrete error budget that quantifies the contributions from beam jitter, detector timing jitter, and short-baseline decoherence. We will also include additional Monte Carlo runs that inject these systematics at realistic levels and demonstrate that the slowly accumulating gravitational phase drift remains separable via low-pass filtering and long integration, preserving the quoted Fisher bounds to within a factor of two. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Monte Carlo simulations] The photon count rates are stated as experimentally confirmed, but the mapping from these rates to the heterodyne beat-signal visibility and phase-extraction precision in the proposed delayed-interferometer geometry needs explicit derivation (including any losses from nuclear resonant scattering efficiency or timing resolution) to confirm the quoted Fisher bounds.

    Authors: We acknowledge that an explicit step-by-step derivation linking the measured photon rates to beat-signal visibility and phase precision was not provided in sufficient detail. In the revision we will insert a new subsection that derives the visibility reduction factors arising from nuclear resonant scattering efficiency, finite timing resolution, and geometric losses in the delayed-interferometer configuration. Starting from the experimentally confirmed count rates, we will show the resulting signal-to-noise ratio for the heterodyne beat and propagate it directly into the Fisher information matrix, thereby confirming the numerical bounds used in the Monte Carlo simulations. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; derivation relies on standard statistical analysis of proposed scheme

full rationale

The paper proposes nuclear heterodyne interferometry to convert gravitational redshift into a measurable phase drift in time-resolved nuclear resonant scattering. Its central performance claims rest on applying standard Fisher information analysis to this scheme, backed by Monte Carlo simulations and experimentally confirmed photon count rates. No load-bearing step reduces by construction to a fitted parameter, self-definition, or self-citation chain; the estimates follow directly from the measurement model without circular renaming or ansatz smuggling. The approach is self-contained against external benchmarks like established interferometry and statistical methods.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

The proposal rests on standard assumptions from general relativity for the redshift effect and from quantum optics for the resonant scattering and heterodyne detection; no new free parameters or invented entities are introduced in the abstract description.

axioms (2)
  • domain assumption General relativity predicts a gravitational redshift for nuclear transitions identical to that for electronic transitions on the equivalence principle.
    Invoked implicitly when stating the target measurement and deviations from GR.
  • domain assumption The heterodyne beat signal phase accumulates linearly with the gravitational frequency shift over the observation time.
    Central to converting the redshift into a measurable phase drift.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5464 in / 1435 out tokens · 37946 ms · 2026-05-10T06:17:47.614352+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

57 extracted references

  1. [1]

    R. F. C. Vessot, The experimental basis of gravita- tional redshift, General Relativity and Gravitation11, 525 (1980)

    1980

  2. [2]

    C. W. Chou, D. B. Hume, J. C. J. Koelemeij, D. J. Wineland, and T. Rosenband, Optical clocks and rela- tivity, Science329, 1630 (2010)

    2010

  3. [3]

    W. F. McGrew, X. Zhang, R. J. Fasano,et al., Atomic clock performance enabling geodesy below the centimetre level, Nature564, 87 (2018)

    2018

  4. [4]

    Herrmann, F

    S. Herrmann, F. Finke, M. L¨ ulf, O. Kichakova, D. Puet- zfeld, V. Knickmann, M. List, B. Rievers, G. Giorgi, P. Delva, A. Hees, S. Bertone, and P. Wolf, Test of the gravitational redshift with galileo satellites in an eccen- tric orbit, Phys. Rev. Lett.121, 231102 (2018)

    2018

  5. [5]

    J. L. Greenstein and V. L. Trimble, The gravitational redshift of sirius b, Astrophys. J.169, 563 (1971)

    1971

  6. [6]

    C. M. Will, The confrontation between general relativ- ity and experiment, Living Reviews in Relativity17, 4 (2014)

    2014

  7. [7]

    R. V. Pound and G. A. Rebka, Apparent weight of pho- tons, Physical Review Letters4, 337 (1960)

    1960

  8. [8]

    R. V. Pound and G. A. Rebka, Gravitational red-shift in nuclear resonance, Physical Review Letters4, 274 (1960)

    1960

  9. [9]

    R. V. Pound and J. L. Snider, Effect of gravity on nuclear resonance, Physical Review Letters13, 539 (1964)

    1964

  10. [10]

    R. V. Pound and J. L. Snider, Effect of gravity on gamma radiation, Physical Review140, B788 (1965)

    1965

  11. [11]

    Potzel, W

    W. Potzel, W. Schiessl, M. Steiner, H. Karzel, G. M. Kalvius, and R. Keller, Test of the gravitational redshift with the 93.3-kev resonance of 67zn, Hyperfine Interac- tions90, 105 (1994)

    1994

  12. [12]

    Potzel, W

    W. Potzel, W. Schiessl, H. Karzel, M. Steiner, G. M. Kalvius, and R. Keller, The 93.3 kev mossbauer reso- nance of 67zn and its application to gravitational redshift measurements, Hyperfine Interactions97-98, 301 (1995)

    1995

  13. [13]

    Schiessl, W

    W. Schiessl, W. Potzel, H. Karzel, M. Steiner, and G. M. Kalvius, Investigation of the 67zn mossbauer resonance at 93.3 kev, Hyperfine Interactions103, 1 (1996)

    1996

  14. [14]

    T. L. Nicholson, S. L. Campbell, R. B. Hutson,et al., Systematic evaluation of an atomic clock at 1e-18 total uncertainty, Nature Communications6, 6896 (2015)

    2015

  15. [15]

    Bothwell, D

    T. Bothwell, D. Kedar, E. Oelker,et al., Resolving the gravitational redshift across a millimetre-scale atomic sample, Nature602, 420 (2022)

    2022

  16. [16]

    Lisdat, G

    C. Lisdat, G. Grosche, N. Quintin,et al., A clock network for geodesy and fundamental science, Nature Communi- cations7, 12443 (2016)

    2016

  17. [17]

    Derevianko and M

    A. Derevianko and M. Pospelov, Hunting for topological dark matter with atomic clocks, Nature Physics10, 933 (2014)

    2014

  18. [18]

    Takamoto, I

    M. Takamoto, I. Ushijima, N. Ohmae,et al., Test of gen- eral relativity by a pair of transportable optical lattice clocks, Nature Photonics14, 411 (2020)

    2020

  19. [19]

    Nordtvedt, Equivalence principle for massive bodies

    K. Nordtvedt, Equivalence principle for massive bodies. II. theory, Physical Review169, 1017 (1968)

    1968

  20. [20]

    V. V. Flambaum and R. B. Wiringa, Dependence of nu- clear binding on hadronic masses, Physical Review C76, 054002 (2007)

    2007

  21. [21]

    V. V. Flambaum and A. F. Tedesco, Dependence of nu- clear magnetic moments on quark masses and limits on temporal variation of fundamental constants from atomic clock experiments, Physical Review C73, 055501 (2006)

    2006

  22. [22]

    M. S. Safronova, D. Budker, D. DeMille, V. V. Flam- baum, A. Derevianko, and C. W. Clark, Search for new physics with atoms and molecules, Reviews of Modern Physics90, 025008 (2018)

    2018

  23. [23]

    Arvanitaki, J

    A. Arvanitaki, J. Huang, and K. Van Tilburg, Search- ing for dilaton dark matter with atomic clocks, Physical Review D91, 015015 (2015)

    2015

  24. [24]

    Gerdau, R

    E. Gerdau, R. R¨ uffer, H. Winkler, W. Tolksdorf, C. P. Klages, and J. P. Hannon, Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Physical Review Letters54, 835 (1985)

    1985

  25. [25]

    J. B. Hastings, D. P. Siddons, U. van B¨ urck, R. Hol- latz, and U. Bergmann, M¨ ossbauer spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation, Physical Review Letters66, 770 (1991)

    1991

  26. [26]

    E. E. Alp, T. M. Mooney, T. Toellner, W. Sturhahn, E. Witthoff, R. R¨ ohlsberger, E. Gerdau, H. Homma, and M. Kentjana, Time-resolved nuclear resonant scattering from 119Sn nuclei using synchrotron radiation, Physical Review Letters70, 3351 (1993)

    1993

  27. [27]

    Sturhahn, E

    W. Sturhahn, E. E. Alp, T. S. Toellner, P. Hession, M. Hu, and J. Sutter, Introduction to nuclear resonant scattering with synchrotron radiation, Hyperfine Interac- tions113, 47 (1998)

    1998

  28. [28]

    Gerdau and H

    E. Gerdau and H. de Waard, Nuclear resonant scatter- ing of synchrotron radiation, Hyperfine Interactions123– 125, 1 (1999), special issue in two parts (Parts A and B)

    1999

  29. [29]

    Y. V. Shvyd’ko, Nuclear resonant forward scattering of X rays: Time and space picture, Physical Review B59, 9132 (1999)

    1999

  30. [30]

    R¨ ohlsberger,Nuclear Condensed Matter Physics with Synchrotron Radiation: Basic Principles, Methodology and Applications, Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, Vol

    R. R¨ ohlsberger,Nuclear Condensed Matter Physics with Synchrotron Radiation: Basic Principles, Methodology and Applications, Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, Vol. 208 (Springer, Berlin, 2004)

    2004

  31. [31]

    G. K. Shenoy and R. R¨ ohlsberger, Scientific opportuni- ties in nuclear resonance spectroscopy from source-driven revolution, Hyperfine Interactions182, 157 (2008)

    2008

  32. [32]

    R¨ ohlsberger, K

    R. R¨ ohlsberger, K. Schlage, B. Sahoo, S. Couet, and R. R¨ uffer, Collective Lamb shift in single-photon super- radiance, Science328, 1248 (2010)

    2010

  33. [33]

    R¨ ohlsberger, H.-C

    R. R¨ ohlsberger, H.-C. Wille, K. Schlage, and B. Sahoo, Electromagnetically induced transparency with resonant nuclei in a cavity, Nature482, 199 (2012)

    2012

  34. [34]

    Y. V. Shvyd’ko, G. V. Smirnov, S. L. Popov, and T. Her- trich, Fast switching of nuclear Bragg scattering of syn- chrotron radiation by a pulsed magnetic field, Euro- physics Letters26, 215 (1994)

    1994

  35. [35]

    Callens, R

    R. Callens, R. Coussement, C. L’abb´ e, S. Nasu, K. Vyvey, T. Yamada, Y. Yoda, and J. Odeurs, Stroboscopic detec- tion of nuclear forward-scattered synchrotron radiation, Physical Review B65, 180404 (2002)

    2002

  36. [36]

    K. P. Heeg, C. Ott, D. Schumacher, H.-C. Wille, R. R¨ ohlsberger, T. Pfeifer, and J. Evers, Interferomet- ric phase detection at X-ray energies via Fano resonance control, Physical Review Letters114, 207401 (2015)

    2015

  37. [37]

    K. P. Heeg, A. Kaldun, C. Strohm, C. Ott, R. Subrama- nian, D. Lentrodt, J. Haber, H.-C. Wille, S. Goerttler, R. R¨ uffer, C. H. Keitel, R. R¨ ohlsberger, T. Pfeifer, and J. Evers, Coherent x-ray-optical control of nuclear exci- tons, Nature590, 401 (2021)

    2021

  38. [38]

    Bocklage, J

    L. Bocklage, J. Gollwitzer, C. Strohm, C. F. Adolff, K. Schlage, I. Sergeev, O. Leupold, H.-C. Wille, G. Meier, 6 and R. R¨ ohlsberger, Coherent control of collective nu- clear quantum states via transient magnons, Science Ad- vances7, eabc3991 (2021)

    2021

  39. [39]

    Velten, L

    S. Velten, L. Bocklage, X. Zhang, K. Schlage, A. Panch- wanee, S. Sadashivaiah, I. Sergeev, O. Leupold, A. I. Chumakov, O. Kocharovskaya, and R. R¨ ohlsberger, Nu- clear quantum memory for hard x-ray photon wave pack- ets, Science Advances10, eadn9825 (2024)

    2024

  40. [40]

    Z. Yuan, H. Wang, Z. Li, T. Wang, H. Wang, X. Huang, T. Li, Z. Ma, L. Zhu, W. Xu, Y. Zhang, Y. Chen, R. Ma- suda, Y. Yoda, J. Yuan, A. P´ alffy, and X. Kong, Nuclear phase retrieval spectroscopy using resonant x-ray scat- tering, Nature Communications16, 3096 (2025)

    2025

  41. [41]

    A. Negi, L. M. Lohse, S. Velten, I. Sergeev, O. Leupold, S. Sadashivaiah, D. Bessas, A. Chumakov, C. Brandt, L. Bocklage, G. Meier, and R. R¨ ohlsberger, Energy-time ptychography for one-dimensional phase retrieval, Optica 12, 1529 (2025)

    2025

  42. [42]

    See Supplemental Material for additional derivations and technical details

  43. [43]

    N. F. Ramsey, A molecular beam resonance method with separated oscillating fields, Phys. Rev.78, 695 (1950)

    1950

  44. [44]

    N. F. Ramsey and H. B. Silsbee, Phase shifts in the molecular beam method of separated oscillating fields, Physical Review84, 506 (1951)

    1951

  45. [45]

    N. F. Ramsey, Experiments with separated oscillatory fields and hydrogen masers, Reviews of Modern Physics 62, 541 (1990)

    1990

  46. [46]

    A. D. Ludlow, M. M. Boyd, J. Ye, E. Peik, and P. O. Schmidt, Optical atomic clocks, Reviews of Modern Physics87, 637 (2015)

    2015

  47. [47]

    S. M. Kay,Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing, Volume I: Estimation Theory(Prentice Hall, 1993)

    1993

  48. [48]

    H. L. V. Trees and K. L. Bell,Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Part I, 2nd ed. (Wiley, 2001)

    2001

  49. [49]

    Sahoo, K

    B. Sahoo, K. Schlage, J. Major, U. von H¨ orsten, W. Ke- une, H. Wende, and R. R¨ ohlsberger, Preparation and characterization of ultrathin stainless steel films, AIP Conference Proceedings1347, 57 (2011)

    2011

  50. [50]

    L. T. Powers, M. Z. Kwasniewski, and S. M. Durbin, Variable bragg x-ray beam splitters, AIP Advances15, 045231 (2025)

    2025

  51. [51]

    D. P. Siddons, U. Bergmann, and J. B. Hastings, Time- dependent polarization in m¨ ossbauer experiments with synchrotron radiation: Suppression of electronic scatter- ing, Phys. Rev. Lett.70, 359 (1993)

    1993

  52. [52]

    T. S. Toellner, E. E. Alp, W. Sturhahn, T. M. Mooney, X. Zhang, M. Ando, Y. Yoda, and S. Kikuta, Polar- izer/analyzer filter for nuclear resonant scattering of syn- chrotron radiation, Appl. Phys. Lett.67, 1993 (1995)

    1993

  53. [53]

    R¨ ohlsberger, E

    R. R¨ ohlsberger, E. Gerdau, R. R¨ uffer, W. Sturhahn, T. S. Toellner, A. I. Chumakov, and E. E. Alp, X-ray optics forµev-resolved spectroscopy, Nuclear Instruments and Methods A394, 251 (1997)

    1997

  54. [54]

    K. P. Heeg, H.-C. Wille, K. Schlage, T. Guryeva, D. Schumacher, I. Uschmann, K. S. Schulze, B. Marx, T. K¨ ampfer, G. G. Paulus, R. R¨ ohlsberger, and J. Evers, Vacuum assisted generation and control of atomic co- herences at x-ray energies, Phys. Rev. Lett111, 073601 (2013)

    2013

  55. [55]

    K. P. Heeg, J. Haber, D. Schumacher, L. Bocklage, H.-C. Wille, K. S. Schulze, R. Loetzsch, I. Uschmann, G. G. Paulus, R. R¨ uffer, R. R¨ ohlsberger, and J. Evers, Tunable subluminal propagation of narrow-band x-ray pulses, Phys. Rev. Lett114, 203601 (2015)

    2015

  56. [56]

    Haber, K

    J. Haber, K. S. Schulze, K. Schlage, R. Loetzsch, L. Bock- lage, T. Gurieva, H. Bernhardt, H.-C. Wille, R. R¨ uffer, I. Uschmann, G. G. Paulus, and R. R¨ ohlsberger, Collec- tive strong coupling of x-rays in a nuclear optical lattice, Nature Photonics10, 445 (2016)

    2016

  57. [57]

    Marx-Glowna, I

    B. Marx-Glowna, I. Uschmann, K. S. Schulze, H. Marschner, H.-C. Wille, K. Schlage, T. St¨ ohlker, R. R¨ ohlsberger, and G. G. Paulus, Advanced X-ray po- larimeter design for nuclear resonant scattering, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation28, 120 (2021). The author acknowledges helpful and stimulating dis- cussions with Guido Meier, Sven Velten, J¨ org Evers,...

    2021