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arxiv: 2604.22450 · v1 · submitted 2026-04-24 · 🌀 gr-qc

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Exploring Cosmic Evolution in R\'enyi Entropic Cosmology with Constraints from DESI DR2 BAO and GW Data

Rajdeep Mazumdar , Kalyan Malakar , Kalyan Bhuyan
Authors on Pith no claims yet

Pith reviewed 2026-05-08 10:28 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌀 gr-qc
keywords Rényi entropyentropic cosmologylate-time accelerationDESI BAOgravitational wavesFriedmann equationsquintessencecosmological constraints
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The pith

Rényi entropic corrections to the Friedmann equations receive a direct constraint on their parameter from late-time acceleration data.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper tests a cosmological model in which Rényi entropy modifies the standard equations that describe the universe's expansion rate. Using recent baryon acoustic oscillation measurements from DESI DR2 along with other BAO, cosmic chronometer, and gravitational-wave observations, the authors derive bounds on the single free parameter in the model. This parameter value produces accelerated expansion at late times that behaves like quintessence, stays above the phantom divide, and approaches the standard cosmological constant model as the parameter limit is taken. The derived Hubble constant and matter density today fall within current observational ranges. A reader would care because the approach offers an alternative explanation for cosmic acceleration rooted in entropy corrections rather than an added dark-energy component.

Core claim

The Rényi entropic correction supplies a viable description of late-time cosmic acceleration, with the parameter λ tightly bounded by DESI DR2 BAO, P-BAO, CC, and GW data to values that also satisfy Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and baryogenesis limits; the resulting expansion history remains stable, obeys energy conditions, and transitions smoothly to the ΛCDM limit without phantom behavior.

What carries the argument

The Rényi entropic correction added to the Friedmann equations, which introduces the parameter λ that alters the effective energy density and pressure to drive acceleration at late times.

If this is right

  • The model reproduces the observed late-time acceleration with a quintessence-like equation of state.
  • Predicted values of the present Hubble constant and matter density fraction remain consistent with current measurements.
  • The model satisfies standard energy conditions and remains stable against perturbations.
  • Statistical comparisons favor the entropic model as a viable alternative to the standard cosmological constant picture.
  • The derived λ satisfies independent bounds from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and baryogenesis.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If the constraint holds, entropy-based modifications could link late-time acceleration to quantum-information effects without introducing new fields.
  • Future surveys with tighter BAO or gravitational-wave standard-siren measurements could shrink the allowed range for λ further.
  • The approach might be extended to early-universe epochs to test whether the same correction influences inflation or recombination.

Load-bearing premise

The Rényi entropic correction fully accounts for the observed late-time dynamics without hidden degeneracies or unmodeled systematics in the combined datasets.

What would settle it

A future high-precision measurement of the dark-energy equation-of-state parameter that falls below -1 at any redshift, or a Hubble-constant value lying well outside the model's predicted range from the same data combination.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2604.22450 by Kalyan Bhuyan, Kalyan Malakar, Rajdeep Mazumdar.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. The evolution of view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. 2-d contour subplots for the parameters view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. The evolution of the deceleration parameter Vs redshift is illustrated, along with corresponding transition redshift view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. Evolution of the effective equation-of-state parameter with redshift for the best-fit parameter values of the given model. view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5. Evolution of the view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6. Evolution of the statefinder diagnostic pairs view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: FIG. 7. Redshift evolution of the energy conditions for the best-fit model parameter values. view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: FIG. 8. The evolution of the perturbations view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We explore a cosmological model based on R\'enyi entropic corrections to the Friedmann equations and constrain it using DESI, P-BAO, CC, and gravitational-wave observations. Unlike earlier works, we obtain a direct and stringent constraint on the R\'enyi parameter $\lambda$ from late-time cosmic acceleration, with the resulting value even satisfying recent Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and baryogenesis bounds. The model predicts values of $H_0$ and $\Omega_{m0}$ that are consistent with current observational data. It provides a successful description of late-time acceleration with a quintessence-like behavior, smoothly approaching the $\Lambda$CDM limit without crossing the phantom divide. Furthermore, the statical comparisons along with the evaluation of energy conditions and stability analyses reinforce its viability as a robust alternative to the standard cosmological model.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript develops a cosmological model in which Rényi entropic corrections are added to the Friedmann equations, introducing a single free parameter λ. Using DESI DR2 BAO, P-BAO, cosmic chronometer, and gravitational-wave datasets, the authors perform a joint MCMC fit for λ, H0, and Ωm0, report a best-fit value of λ that satisfies BBN and baryogenesis bounds, and show that the resulting expansion history is quintessence-like, approaches the ΛCDM limit at late times, satisfies energy conditions, and passes statistical model-comparison tests.

Significance. If the reported bound on λ proves robust against parameter degeneracies, the work supplies one of the first direct late-time observational constraints on an entropic-gravity correction, together with explicit checks of energy conditions and stability that are not always performed in similar models. The approach of letting the data drive λ while recovering standard H0 and Ωm0 values is a concrete, falsifiable test of the framework.

major comments (2)
  1. [§4] §4 (MCMC results and posterior plots): the abstract asserts a 'direct and stringent constraint' on λ from late-time data, yet the fit simultaneously varies λ, H0, and Ωm0 on the same DESI DR2 + P-BAO + CC + GW datasets. No correlation matrix, degeneracy diagnostic (e.g., Δχ² when λ is fixed to zero), or conditional posterior is presented; without these the claim that the λ bound is independent rather than a projection along the H0–Ωm0 degeneracy direction cannot be verified.
  2. [§2.2] §2.2 (modified Friedmann equations): the entropic correction is introduced as an additive term to the effective dark-energy density. The paper does not quantify how this term correlates with the standard background parameters in the likelihood; a brief analytic or numerical degeneracy analysis (e.g., the derivative of the Hubble function with respect to λ at fixed H0, Ωm0) would be required to substantiate that the datasets can actually isolate λ.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: 'statical comparisons' should read 'statistical comparisons'.
  2. [Figures/Tables] Figure captions and tables: axis labels and column headings should explicitly state the units and the 1σ/2σ confidence levels used for the reported intervals on λ, H0, and Ωm0.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the constructive and detailed comments, which help clarify the presentation of our MCMC results and the independence of the λ constraint. We address each major point below and will revise the manuscript to incorporate the suggested analyses.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [§4] §4 (MCMC results and posterior plots): the abstract asserts a 'direct and stringent constraint' on λ from late-time data, yet the fit simultaneously varies λ, H0, and Ωm0 on the same DESI DR2 + P-BAO + CC + GW datasets. No correlation matrix, degeneracy diagnostic (e.g., Δχ² when λ is fixed to zero), or conditional posterior is presented; without these the claim that the λ bound is independent rather than a projection along the H0–Ωm0 degeneracy direction cannot be verified.

    Authors: We acknowledge that the manuscript does not present a correlation matrix or explicit degeneracy diagnostics such as Δχ² for λ fixed to zero. The joint MCMC posterior does show λ constrained away from zero while returning H0 and Ωm0 values consistent with independent data, and the inclusion of gravitational-wave standard sirens provides an additional handle on the expansion history. To substantiate the claim of an independent constraint, the revised version will include the full correlation matrix from the chains and a Δχ² comparison between the free-λ and λ=0 cases. If these diagnostics reveal significant degeneracy, we will also revise the abstract wording accordingly. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [§2.2] §2.2 (modified Friedmann equations): the entropic correction is introduced as an additive term to the effective dark-energy density. The paper does not quantify how this term correlates with the standard background parameters in the likelihood; a brief analytic or numerical degeneracy analysis (e.g., the derivative of the Hubble function with respect to λ at fixed H0, Ωm0) would be required to substantiate that the datasets can actually isolate λ.

    Authors: We agree that an explicit quantification of the correlation is needed. In the revised manuscript we will add both an analytic expression for ∂H(z)/∂λ evaluated at fixed H0 and Ωm0 (derived directly from the modified Friedmann equation) and a numerical evaluation of the likelihood response when λ is varied while holding the background parameters fixed. These additions will demonstrate the independent sensitivity of the late-time datasets to the Rényi term. revision: yes

Circularity Check

1 steps flagged

Fitted H0 and Ωm0 values presented as model predictions after joint fit with λ

specific steps
  1. fitted input called prediction [Abstract]
    "The model predicts values of H0 and Ωm0 that are consistent with current observational data."

    H0 and Ωm0 are fitted jointly with λ to the DESI DR2 BAO, P-BAO, CC, and GW data to obtain the constraint on λ; stating that the model 'predicts' these values therefore restates the best-fit results from the identical fit rather than providing an independent forecast.

full rationale

The paper constrains the Rényi parameter λ from late-time datasets and states that the model then predicts H0 and Ωm0 values consistent with observations. Because these parameters are varied jointly in the fit, the reported 'predictions' are direct outputs of the same parameter estimation rather than independent forecasts. The BBN/baryogenesis consistency check occurs after the fit and does not create circularity. The central constraint on λ retains independent content provided the entropic correction introduces dynamics not fully degenerate with standard parameters, but the presentation of fitted results as predictions constitutes partial circularity per the defined patterns.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

1 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on one fitted parameter λ introduced by the Rényi correction and on standard cosmological background assumptions; no new entities are postulated.

free parameters (1)
  • λ (Rényi parameter)
    Single adjustable parameter in the entropic correction to the Friedmann equations, constrained by fitting to late-time acceleration data.
axioms (2)
  • domain assumption Rényi entropy supplies a correction term that modifies the Friedmann equations
    Invoked as the foundational modification for the cosmological model.
  • standard math FLRW metric and standard energy-momentum conservation hold
    Background geometry and conservation laws assumed throughout.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5454 in / 1514 out tokens · 59676 ms · 2026-05-08T10:28:54.658467+00:00 · methodology

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Reference graph

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