arxiv: 2605.04967 · v1 · submitted 2026-05-06 · ✦ hep-ph · hep-ex

Recognition: unknown

New Predictions for the Lifetimes of Doubly Heavy Baryons and the B_c Meson

Lovro Dulibi\'c , Bla\v{z}enka Meli\'c , Ivan Ni\v{s}and\v{z}i\'c

Authors on Pith no claims yet

Pith reviewed 2026-05-08 17:22 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ph hep-ex

keywords doubly heavy baryonsB_c mesonlifetime predictionsheavy quark expansionNNLO correctionsspectator contributionsquark mass schemeslifetime hierarchies

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The pith

Including NNLO corrections to leading terms and full NLO spectator contributions revises the predicted lifetimes and establishes hierarchies for doubly heavy baryons and the B_c meson.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper computes new lifetime values for all weakly decaying bb, cc, and bc baryons as well as the B_c meson by incorporating NNLO perturbative corrections to the leading dimension-three operator, NLO corrections to the chromomagnetic term, and the complete set of known NLO corrections to dimension-six heavy-light spectator contributions including penguin operators. Predictions are given in the MS-bar, kinetic, and where applicable Υ mass schemes, with separate results for the two possible ground-state spin assignments of the bc diquark. A sympathetic reader would care because these lifetimes control how long the particles survive before decaying, which directly affects their production rates and detection prospects in collider experiments. The work derives concrete orderings such as τ(Ξ⁰_bb) < τ(Ξ⁻_bb) ≃ τ(Ω⁻_bb) in the kinetic scheme.

Core claim

We present updated predictions for the lifetimes of all weakly decaying doubly heavy baryons, including bb, cc, and bc baryons, as well as for the B_c meson. The analysis includes NNLO corrections to the leading dimension-three contribution, NLO corrections to the chromomagnetic term, and the complete set of currently known NLO corrections to the dimension-six heavy-light quark spectator contributions, including penguin terms. We also compare the results in the MS-bar, kinetic, and where applicable Υ mass schemes. For the bc baryons, we present predictions for both possible ground-state diquark-spin assignments, S_bc=0 and S_bc=1. In the kinetic scheme we obtain the lifetime hierarchies τ(Ξ⁰

What carries the argument

The heavy quark expansion applied to inclusive decay widths of systems with two heavy quarks, with higher-order perturbative corrections added to the dimension-three and dimension-six operators.

Load-bearing premise

The heavy quark expansion remains valid and its perturbative series converges for doubly heavy baryons, with no important missing contributions that would change the results.

What would settle it

A measurement of the Ξ_cc^{++} lifetime that lies well outside the predicted range in the kinetic scheme, including theoretical uncertainties, would settle whether the updated predictions hold.

read the original abstract

We present updated predictions for the lifetimes of all weakly decaying doubly heavy baryons, including $bb$, $cc$, and $bc$ baryons, as well as for the $B_c$ meson. The analysis includes NNLO corrections to the leading dimension-three contribution, NLO corrections to the chromomagnetic term, and the complete set of currently known NLO corrections to the dimension-six heavy-light quark spectator contributions, including penguin terms. We also compare the results in the $\overline{\rm MS}$, kinetic, and, where applicable, $\Upsilon$ mass schemes. For the $bc$ baryons, we present predictions for both possible ground-state diquark-spin assignments, $S_{bc}=0$ and $S_{bc}=1$. In the kinetic scheme we obtain the lifetime hierarchies $\tau(\Xi^0_{bb})<\tau(\Xi^-_{bb})\simeq\tau(\Omega^-_{bb})$, $\tau(\Xi^+_{cc})<\tau(\Omega^+_{cc})<\tau(\Xi^{++}_{cc})$, $\tau(\Xi^0_{bc})\lesssim\tau(\Omega^0_{bc})<\tau(\Xi^+_{bc})$ for $S_{bc}=0$, and $\tau(\Xi^{\prime\, 0}_{bc})<\tau(\Omega^{\prime\, 0}_{bc})<\tau(\Xi^{\prime\, +}_{bc})$ for $S_{bc}=1$. We also revisit the $B_c$ lifetime and discuss the impact of the newly included Darwin term.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

The paper supplies new NNLO and NLO lifetime predictions for doubly heavy baryons and B_c but leaves the size of omitted 1/m_c^3 terms unquantified for the charm systems.

read the letter

The main point is that this work updates the lifetime calculations for all weakly decaying bb, cc, and bc baryons plus the B_c by adding NNLO corrections to the dimension-three operator, NLO corrections to the chromomagnetic term, and the full set of known NLO spectator contributions including penguins. It also revisits the B_c with the Darwin term and gives explicit hierarchies in the kinetic scheme for both S_bc=0 and S_bc=1 states, plus comparisons across MS-bar, kinetic, and Upsilon schemes. That is the concrete advance over earlier papers cited in the abstract. The authors have clearly done the perturbative bookkeeping and produced numerical tables that experimental groups can use directly. The technical execution on the included terms looks careful. The soft spot is the treatment of higher-order power corrections. For the cc and bc states the expansion parameter is around 0.3-0.4, yet the paper supplies no explicit estimate or bound on the dimension-seven and higher operators or residual non-perturbative 1/m_c^3 pieces. Those contributions can reach 10-30 percent and are large enough to rearrange the reported orderings such as tau(Xi_cc^+) < tau(Omega_cc^+) < tau(Xi_cc^{++}) or the relative lifetimes of the two bc spin states. The assumption that the expansion remains reliable after the new terms is stated but not tested with any error budget or convergence check. This is a specialized calculation aimed at heavy-flavor phenomenologists and experimentalists at LHCb or CMS who need updated benchmarks. A reader working on lifetime ratios or on improving the HQE for charm will get direct value from the numbers and the scheme comparisons. The paper deserves a serious referee because the new perturbative pieces are well-defined and the results are falsifiable against future measurements, even though the uncertainty discussion needs tightening.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript presents updated predictions for the lifetimes of all weakly decaying doubly heavy baryons (bb, cc, and bc) as well as the B_c meson. It incorporates NNLO corrections to the leading dimension-three contribution, NLO corrections to the chromomagnetic operator, and the complete set of known NLO corrections to dimension-six heavy-light spectator operators (including penguins). Results are compared across the MS-bar, kinetic, and Υ mass schemes, with separate hierarchies given for bc baryons under both S_bc=0 and S_bc=1 diquark spin assignments, and the impact of the Darwin term on the B_c lifetime is revisited.

Significance. If the heavy-quark expansion remains valid and the included perturbative corrections are complete, the work supplies valuable, state-of-the-art benchmarks that can be tested against future LHCb and other experimental data on doubly heavy states. The systematic inclusion of NNLO and full known NLO terms, together with scheme comparisons, represents a clear advance over prior calculations and helps quantify perturbative uncertainties.

major comments (2)

[Numerical results for cc and bc baryons] In the numerical results for cc and bc baryons (section presenting the hierarchies τ(Ξ^+_cc) < τ(Ω^+_cc) < τ(Ξ^{++}_cc) and the S_bc=0,1 patterns): no explicit estimate or bound is supplied for the size of omitted dimension-7 and higher operators. With Λ_QCD/m_c ≃ 0.3–0.4 for charm-containing systems, these terms can enter at the 10–30 % level and are capable of rearranging the reported lifetime orderings.
[B_c lifetime discussion] In the discussion of the B_c lifetime and the Darwin term: the manuscript states that the newly included term is discussed, yet no quantitative breakdown of its contribution, no comparison table to previous predictions, and no error budget are provided, leaving the size of the update unclear.

minor comments (2)

[Abstract] The abstract refers to 'the complete set of currently known NLO corrections' without citing the specific references or listing the included penguin and other operators; a short table or explicit enumeration in the text would improve clarity.
[Abstract and results] Notation for the primed bc states (Ξ′ bc, Ω′ bc) is used in the abstract and hierarchies without a brief reminder of the S_bc=0 versus S_bc=1 assignment; a one-sentence definition at first use would aid readability.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful reading of our manuscript and the constructive comments. We address each major point below and have revised the manuscript to incorporate additional estimates and quantitative details as suggested.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: [Numerical results for cc and bc baryons] In the numerical results for cc and bc baryons (section presenting the hierarchies τ(Ξ^+_cc) < τ(Ω^+_cc) < τ(Ξ^{++}_cc) and the S_bc=0,1 patterns): no explicit estimate or bound is supplied for the size of omitted dimension-7 and higher operators. With Λ_QCD/m_c ≃ 0.3–0.4 for charm-containing systems, these terms can enter at the 10–30 % level and are capable of rearranging the reported lifetime orderings.

Authors: We agree that an explicit discussion of the potential size of dimension-7 and higher operators is useful, particularly for charm-containing systems. While a full calculation of all such terms lies beyond the present work, we have added a new paragraph to the numerical results section in the revised manuscript. This paragraph estimates the expected magnitude of these contributions using the expansion parameter Λ_QCD/m_Q (approximately 0.1 for bottom and 0.3–0.4 for charm), provides a conservative bound on their impact, and notes that the reported hierarchies for bb states remain robust while those for cc and bc states carry larger theoretical uncertainties that could affect ordering at the 10–20% level. This addition directly addresses the referee's concern without overstating the precision of the current results. revision: yes
Referee: [B_c lifetime discussion] In the discussion of the B_c lifetime and the Darwin term: the manuscript states that the newly included term is discussed, yet no quantitative breakdown of its contribution, no comparison table to previous predictions, and no error budget are provided, leaving the size of the update unclear.

Authors: We thank the referee for highlighting this point. In the revised manuscript we have expanded the B_c lifetime section to include a quantitative breakdown of the Darwin term's numerical contribution (both absolute and relative to the total width), a comparison table of our updated prediction against previous results in the literature, and an explicit error budget that separates perturbative, parametric, and higher-order uncertainties. These additions make the size and impact of the update transparent and allow readers to assess the improvement clearly. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: predictions computed from HQE expansion with external inputs

full rationale

The paper computes lifetime predictions via the heavy-quark expansion, incorporating NNLO corrections to the dimension-3 term, NLO to the chromomagnetic operator, and NLO spectator contributions including penguins. Numerical inputs such as quark masses and matrix elements are taken from external fits or literature, and the hierarchies (e.g., τ(Ξ⁺_cc) < τ(Ω⁺_cc) < τ(Ξ⁺⁺_cc)) emerge from these calculations rather than by redefining or fitting the target observables themselves. No self-definitional loop, fitted-input-as-prediction, or load-bearing self-citation chain is present in the abstract or described methodology; the derivation remains self-contained against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

Abstract-only review; the ledger is populated from standard assumptions of the heavy-quark expansion and the perturbative corrections listed.

axioms (2)

domain assumption Heavy-quark expansion in 1/m_Q is applicable and sufficiently convergent for doubly heavy baryons
Invoked throughout the lifetime calculation described in the abstract
ad hoc to paper All relevant NLO and NNLO operator contributions have been identified and computed
The abstract states that the complete set of currently known NLO corrections is included

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5605 in / 1323 out tokens · 45588 ms · 2026-05-08T17:22:41.386083+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

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