pith. machine review for the scientific record. sign in

arxiv: 2605.05158 · v1 · submitted 2026-05-06 · 🪐 quant-ph

Recognition: unknown

The Saturable Electronic Reluctance Switch: Switchable low-power and low-noise generation of magnetic fields using permanent magnets

P. D. Taylor-Burdett , C. A. Burhan , S. Mason , F. R. Lebrun-Gallagher , S. Weidt , W. K. Hensinger
Authors on Pith no claims yet

Pith reviewed 2026-05-08 16:05 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🪐 quant-ph
keywords magnetic field switchingpermanent magnetsferromagnetic circuitnoise suppressionlow power dissipationtrapped ionsquantum computingbi-stable switching
0
0 comments X

The pith

A non-linear ferromagnetic circuit switches any permanent magnet's field on and off bi-stably while keeping control current noise and power use low.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper presents a hybrid technique for generating magnetic fields that combines the low-noise stability of permanent magnets with the switchability of electromagnets. It does this through a saturating ferromagnetic circuit that creates two stable states for the field output, triggered when control current exceeds a threshold. The current itself contributes negligibly to the final field and does not demagnetize the source magnet. This setup cuts power dissipation and suppresses fluctuations in the output field by orders of magnitude, even when the circuit is imperfectly made. The authors illustrate the approach with a design for producing stable field gradients in trapped-ion quantum computers.

Core claim

The Saturable Electronic Reluctance Switch (SERS) is a non-linear ferromagnetic circuit that achieves bi-stable switching of the field from any arbitrary permanent magnet. A control current applied above a threshold turns the field on or off; once switched, the current has minimal influence on the output field strength, demagnetisation is avoided, and noise from current fluctuations is suppressed by several orders of magnitude in non-ideal devices. This yields an order of magnitude lower power dissipation and up to five orders of magnitude lower magnetic field noise compared with conventional current-carrying wires, as shown in a proposed device for scalable trapped-ion systems.

What carries the argument

The Saturable Electronic Reluctance Switch (SERS), a non-linear ferromagnetic circuit that saturates to create transistor-like bi-stable magnetic switching with high noise suppression and low control-current contribution to the output field.

If this is right

  • An order of magnitude reduction in power dissipation compared with state-of-the-art current-carrying wires.
  • Up to five orders of magnitude reduction in magnetic field noise from control-current fluctuations.
  • Robust performance even when the circuit contains fabrication imperfections.
  • Generation of ultra-stable, switchable magnetic field gradients suitable for scalable trapped-ion quantum computers.
  • Avoidance of demagnetisation during repeated switching operations.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same saturation-based switching principle could be adapted to produce stable, low-noise fields in other precision instruments such as atomic sensors or magnetic resonance devices.
  • Because the circuit tolerates fabrication errors, it may allow larger arrays of switches to be built without individual calibration.
  • Integration into existing magnet systems could lower overall energy budgets in long-running physics experiments that require frequent field changes.

Load-bearing premise

A non-linear ferromagnetic circuit can be designed and built so that it switches the field of any permanent magnet bi-stably without demagnetizing the magnet and while making the control current's own contribution to the output field negligible.

What would settle it

A fabricated SERS prototype in which the output magnetic field strength changes by more than a few percent when the control current is varied below the switching threshold, or in which current-fluctuation noise is not reduced by at least two orders of magnitude.

read the original abstract

Across many areas of science, there is a need to generate magnetic fields that are both ultra-stable and switchable on and off. While permanent and superconducting magnets offer exceptionally low-noise fields, they are not readily switchable. Conversely, electromagnets are switchable but are susceptible to current noise. We present a hybrid technique to switch the field of any arbitrary magnet through use of a non-linear ferromagnetic circuit, named the Saturable Electronic Reluctance Switch (SERS). The circuit achieves bi-stable switching of the field by applying a current above a given threshold, akin to a transistor for magnetic fields. Crucially, the applied current has minimal influence on the magnetic field output and demagnetisation of the magnet is avoided, drastically reducing power dissipation. SERS is also robust to fabrication errors, suppressing noise in the control current by several orders of magnitude in a non-ideal device. To illustrate its application, a SERS-driven device is proposed for generating ultra-stable magnetic field gradients in a scalable trapped-ion quantum computer. We find this device offers an order of magnitude reduction in power dissipation compared to state-of-the-art current carrying wires, while reducing magnetic field noise originating from current fluctuations by up to five orders of magnitude.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript proposes the Saturable Electronic Reluctance Switch (SERS), a non-linear ferromagnetic circuit that enables bi-stable switching of the magnetic field from an arbitrary permanent magnet. A control current above a threshold toggles the output field while contributing negligibly to it, avoiding demagnetization of the magnet, reducing power dissipation by an order of magnitude relative to current-carrying wires, and suppressing noise from control-current fluctuations by up to five orders of magnitude even in non-ideal devices. An application to generating ultra-stable, switchable magnetic-field gradients for scalable trapped-ion quantum computers is outlined.

Significance. If the SERS mechanism can be realized and its quantitative performance claims validated, the approach would provide a practical route to switchable ultra-stable magnetic fields that combine the low-noise advantages of permanent magnets with the controllability of electromagnets, at substantially lower power and with greatly reduced sensitivity to drive noise. This would be particularly enabling for precision applications such as trapped-ion quantum computing, where stable gradients must be maintained without excessive dissipation or current-induced fluctuations.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: The abstract asserts an order-of-magnitude reduction in power dissipation and up to five orders of magnitude suppression of magnetic-field noise from current fluctuations, yet provides no derivation, magnetic-circuit equations, finite-element simulation, or experimental data to support these numbers. Because these quantitative claims are central to the paper's motivation and application section, their absence prevents assessment of whether the proposed flux-routing mechanism actually delivers the stated performance.
  2. [SERS design description] SERS design description: The bi-stable switching and noise-suppression properties rest on the assumption that a non-linear ferromagnetic circuit can be engineered so that the control current above threshold routes flux to toggle the output while contributing negligibly to the field and without demagnetizing the permanent magnet. No explicit reluctance-network equations, saturation curves, or tolerance analysis are supplied to demonstrate that this regime is reachable for realistic material parameters and fabrication variations.
minor comments (2)
  1. The manuscript would benefit from a clear schematic or diagram showing the ferromagnetic circuit geometry, flux paths in the two stable states, and the location of the permanent magnet and control coil.
  2. Quantitative claims in the abstract and conclusion should be cross-referenced to the specific modeling or simulation results that justify them once those are added.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their constructive review and for recognizing the potential of the SERS concept for precision applications such as trapped-ion quantum computing. We address each major comment below and will strengthen the manuscript with additional modeling to substantiate the quantitative claims.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: The abstract asserts an order-of-magnitude reduction in power dissipation and up to five orders of magnitude suppression of magnetic-field noise from current fluctuations, yet provides no derivation, magnetic-circuit equations, finite-element simulation, or experimental data to support these numbers. Because these quantitative claims are central to the paper's motivation and application section, their absence prevents assessment of whether the proposed flux-routing mechanism actually delivers the stated performance.

    Authors: We agree that the abstract, being a concise summary, does not contain derivations or supporting calculations. The stated performance figures originate from the magnetic-circuit analysis underlying the proposal. To resolve this, the revised manuscript will include an explicit reluctance-network model with governing equations, saturation curves for realistic ferromagnetic materials, and finite-element simulations that quantitatively confirm the order-of-magnitude power reduction and up to five-order noise suppression. As this is a theoretical proposal, experimental validation is not yet available; the added simulations will provide the necessary theoretical support for the claims. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [SERS design description] SERS design description: The bi-stable switching and noise-suppression properties rest on the assumption that a non-linear ferromagnetic circuit can be engineered so that the control current above threshold routes flux to toggle the output while contributing negligibly to the field and without demagnetizing the permanent magnet. No explicit reluctance-network equations, saturation curves, or tolerance analysis are supplied to demonstrate that this regime is reachable for realistic material parameters and fabrication variations.

    Authors: We acknowledge that the current manuscript does not supply the detailed reluctance-network equations, saturation curves, or tolerance analysis needed to demonstrate reachability for realistic parameters. In the revision we will add these elements: the full set of reluctance-network equations, plots of the relevant B-H saturation curves, and a tolerance analysis showing that the bi-stable regime with negligible control-current contribution and no permanent-magnet demagnetization remains accessible within typical fabrication variations and material properties. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity detected in derivation chain

full rationale

The manuscript describes a conceptual hybrid magnetic circuit (SERS) that exploits known non-linear saturation behavior in ferromagnets to achieve bi-stable flux routing. All central claims—threshold-based switching, negligible control-current contribution to output field, avoidance of demagnetization, and noise suppression—are presented as direct consequences of the reluctance and saturation physics of the proposed topology. No equations, fitted parameters, or uniqueness theorems appear in the text that reduce the target performance metrics to quantities defined in terms of those same metrics. The design is framed as an application of standard electromagnetic principles rather than a self-referential derivation, and the provided abstract and high-level description contain no load-bearing self-citations or ansatzes that close on themselves.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 1 invented entities

Without access to the full manuscript, specific free parameters, axioms, and invented entities cannot be enumerated in detail. The central claim rests on the unverified existence and performance of the proposed SERS circuit.

invented entities (1)
  • Saturable Electronic Reluctance Switch (SERS) no independent evidence
    purpose: Bi-stable switching of permanent-magnet fields with low power and low noise
    The device is introduced as a new construct; no independent experimental evidence or prior validation is provided in the abstract.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5555 in / 1337 out tokens · 75461 ms · 2026-05-08T16:05:19.605027+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

45 extracted references · 24 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    & Wunderlich, C

    Mintert, F. & Wunderlich, C. Ion- trap quantum logic using long-wavelength radiation.Physical Review Letters87 (2001). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevLett.87.257904

    2001

  2. [2]

    URL http://dx.doi.org/10

    Nagies, S.et al.The role of higher- order terms in trapped-ion quantum com- puting with magnetic gradient induced cou- pling.Quantum Science and Technology10, 025051 (2025). URL http://dx.doi.org/10. 1088/2058-9565/adc1fe

    2025

  3. [3]

    Lekitsch, et al., Blueprint for a microwave trapped ion quantum computer (2017), https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601540

    Lekitsch, B.et al.Blueprint for a microwave trapped ion quantum computer.Science Advances3(2017). URL http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1126/sciadv.1601540

    work page doi:10.1126/sciadv.1601540 2017

  4. [4]

    H., Apostolatos, I., Weidt, S

    Valahu, C. H., Apostolatos, I., Weidt, S. & Hensinger, W. K. Quantum control meth- ods for robust entanglement of trapped ions. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics55, 204003 (2022). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ac8eff

    work page doi:10.1088/1361-6455/ac8eff 2022

  5. [5]

    URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ s41467-020-20330-w

    Wang, P.et al.Single ion qubit with estimated coherence time exceeding one hour.Nature Communications12 (2021). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ s41467-020-20330-w

    2021

  6. [6]

    URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s00340-016-6527-4

    Ruster, T.et al.A long-lived zeeman trapped-ion qubit.Applied Physics B122 (2016). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s00340-016-6527-4

    2016

  7. [7]

    Physical Review A83(2011)

    Walther, A.et al.Single ion as a shot- noise-limited magnetic-field-gradient probe. Physical Review A83(2011). URL http: //dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.83.062329

    work page doi:10.1103/physreva.83.062329 2011

  8. [8]

    Brun-Ricalens, F. R. C. L.A two-module trapped-ion quantum computer prototype. Ph.D. thesis, University of Sussex (2021)

    2021

  9. [9]

    URL http://dx.doi.org/10

    Siegele-Brown, M.et al.Fabrication of sur- face ion traps with integrated current carry- ing wires enabling high magnetic field gradi- ents.Quantum Science and Technology7, 034003 (2022). URL http://dx.doi.org/10. 1088/2058-9565/ac66fc

    2022

  10. [10]

    Review of Scientific Instruments90, 044702 (2019)

    Merkel, B.et al.Magnetic field stabiliza- tion system for atomic physics experiments. Review of Scientific Instruments90, 044702 (2019)

    2019

  11. [11]

    & Luo, L

    Liu, H., Peng, S., Jiao, B., Li, J. & Luo, L. Ultra-low noise bipolar current source for ultracold atom magnetic system.Review of Scientific Instruments94(2023). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0142948

    work page doi:10.1063/5.0142948 2023

  12. [12]

    Measurement Science and Technology34, 075022 (2023)

    Morzy´ nski, P.et al.Open-source elec- tronics ecosystem for optical atomic clocks. Measurement Science and Technology34, 075022 (2023). URL http://dx.doi.org/10. 1088/1361-6501/acc5a1

    2023

  13. [13]

    URL http://dx.doi

    Xu, X.-T.et al.Ultra-low noise magnetic field for quantum gases.Review of Scientific Instruments90(2019). URL http://dx.doi. org/10.1063/1.5087957

    work page doi:10.1063/1.5087957 2019

  14. [14]

    & Henkel, C.Microscopic Atom Optics: From Wires to an Atom Chip, 263–356 (Elsevier, 2002)

    Folman, R., Kr¨ uger, P., Schmiedmayer, J., Denschlag, J. & Henkel, C.Microscopic Atom Optics: From Wires to an Atom Chip, 263–356 (Elsevier, 2002). URL http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/S1049-250X(02)80011-8. 14

    work page doi:10.1016/s1049-250x(02)80011-8 2002

  15. [15]

    URL http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/09500340.2016.1178820

    Keil, M.et al.Fifteen years of cold mat- ter on the atom chip: promise, realizations, and prospects.Journal of Modern Optics63, 1840–1885 (2016). URL http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/09500340.2016.1178820

    work page doi:10.1080/09500340.2016.1178820 2016

  16. [16]

    URL http: //dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02887-9

    Bonus, F.et al.Ultrasensitive single-ion elec- trometry in a magnetic field gradient.Nature Physics21, 1189–1195 (2025). URL http: //dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02887-9

    work page doi:10.1038/s41567-025-02887-9 2025

  17. [17]

    Fowler, Matteo Mariantoni, John M

    Wojciechowski, A., Corsini, E., Zachorowski, J. & Gawlik, W. Nonlinear faraday rota- tion and detection of superposition states in cold atoms.Physical Review A81(2010). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA. 81.053420

    work page doi:10.1103/physreva 2010

  18. [18]

    & Rosenbusch, P

    Szmuk, R., Dugrain, V., Maineult, W., Reichel, J. & Rosenbusch, P. Stability of a trapped-atom clock on a chip.Physical Review A92(2015). URL http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.012106

    work page doi:10.1103/physreva.92.012106 2015

  19. [19]

    & Spreeuw, R

    Fernholz, T., Gerritsma, R., Whitlock, S., Barb, I. & Spreeuw, R. J. C. Fully permanent magnet atom chip for bose-einstein condensa- tion.Physical Review A77(2008). URL http: //dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.77.033409

    work page doi:10.1103/physreva.77.033409 2008

  20. [20]

    G.et al.Diamagnetic microchip traps for levitated nanoparticle entanglement experiments.Physical Review A112(2025)

    Elahi, S. G.et al.Diamagnetic microchip traps for levitated nanoparticle entanglement experiments.Physical Review A112(2025). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/qdyh-rbyq

    work page doi:10.1103/qdyh-rbyq 2025

  21. [21]

    & Mazumdar, A

    Narasimha Moorthy, S., Geraci, A., Bose, S. & Mazumdar, A. Magnetic noise in macro- scopic quantum spatial superpositions.Phys- ical Review A112(2025). URL http://dx. doi.org/10.1103/9n6y-cc7r

    work page doi:10.1103/9n6y-cc7r 2025

  22. [22]

    URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/ 5.0143825

    Borkowski, M.et al.Active stabilization of kilogauss magnetic fields to the ppm level for magnetoassociation on ultranarrow feshbach resonances.Review of Scientific Instruments 94(2023). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/ 5.0143825

    2023

  23. [23]

    J., Volin, C., Rellergert, W

    McMahon, B. J., Volin, C., Rellergert, W. G. & Sawyer, B. C. Doppler-cooled ions in a compact reconfigurable penning trap.Phys- ical Review A101(2020). URL http://dx. doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.101.013408

    work page doi:10.1103/physreva.101.013408 2020

  24. [24]

    H.et al.Flux pumping of mul- tiple double-loop superconducting structures for a planar magnetic field source.IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 32, 1–11 (2022)

    Lacy, J. H.et al.Flux pumping of mul- tiple double-loop superconducting structures for a planar magnetic field source.IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 32, 1–11 (2022). URL http://dx.doi.org/10. 1109/TASC.2022.3178359

    work page arXiv 2022

  25. [25]

    & Finkler, A

    Schein-Lubomirsky, L., Mazor, Y., St¨ ohr, R., Denisenko, A. & Finkler, A. Pulsed mag- netic field gradient on a tip for nanoscale imaging of spins.Communications Physics 8(2025). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ s42005-025-02019-y

    2025

  26. [26]

    Wu, T., Wang, Q., Yang, Y. & Lv, Y.Magne- tization and demagnetization characteristics of ndfeb blocks in pulsed magnetic field.2020 IEEE 1st China International Youth Con- ference on Electrical Engineering (CIYCEE), 1–5 (IEEE, 2020). URL http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1109/ciycee49808.2020.9332761

    work page doi:10.1109/ciycee49808.2020.9332761 2020

  27. [27]

    N.Electropermanent Mag- netic Connectors and Actuators: Devices and Their Application in Programmable Matter

    Knaian, A. N.Electropermanent Mag- netic Connectors and Actuators: Devices and Their Application in Programmable Matter. Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology (2010)

    2010

  28. [28]

    & Allen, M

    Ding, Y., Wang, X. & Allen, M. G. A tunable magnetic bias circuit with zero static power consumption.IEEE Magnetics Letters16, 1–5 (2025). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ LMAG.2025.3541915

    work page arXiv 2025

  29. [29]

    URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ 978-1-4615-3868-4

    Jiles, D.Introduction to Magnetism and Magnetic Materials(Springer US, 1991). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ 978-1-4615-3868-4

    1991

  30. [30]

    Durin, G., Falferi, P., Cerdonio, M., Prodi, G. A. & Vitale, S. Low temperature prop- erties of soft magnetic materials: Magnetic viscosity and 1/f thermal noise.Journal of Applied Physics73, 5363–5365 (1993). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353732

    work page doi:10.1063/1.353732 1993

  31. [31]

    On the magnetic aftereffect

    Preisach, F. On the magnetic aftereffect. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics53, 1–11 (2017). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ TMAG.2016.2548379. 15

    work page arXiv 2017

  32. [32]

    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrom- eters, Detectors and Associated Equipment 988, 164904 (2021)

    Arpaia, P.et al.Magnetic characteriza- tion of mumetal®for passive shielding of stray fields down to the nano-tesla level. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrom- eters, Detectors and Associated Equipment 988, 164904 (2021). URL http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.nima.2020.164904

    work page doi:10.1016/j.nima.2020.164904 2021

  33. [33]

    & Marracci, M

    Tellini, B., Giannetti, R., Lizon-Martinez, S. & Marracci, M. Characterization of the Accommodation Effect in Soft Hysteretic Materials Via Sensorless Measurement Tech- nique.IEEE Transactions on Instrumenta- tion and Measurement58, 2807–2814 (2009)

    2009

  34. [34]

    D., Sage, J

    Bruzewicz, C. D., Sage, J. M. & Chi- averini, J. Measurement of ion motional heating rates over a range of trap frequen- cies and temperatures.Physical Review A 91(2015). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevA.91.041402

    2015

  35. [35]

    & Mao, K

    Zhang, Y., Hu, D., Wu, J., Liu, X. & Mao, K. Experimental and simulation research on high-temperature superconduct- ing persistent-current switch operated in solid-nitrogen environment.IEEE Trans- actions on Applied Superconductivity35, 1–8 (2025). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ TASC.2024.3520937

    work page arXiv 2025

  36. [36]

    URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevApplied.17.034031

    Chen, L.et al.Planar-integrated magneto- optical trap.Physical Review Applied17 (2022). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevApplied.17.034031

    2022

  37. [37]

    & Korvink, J

    Anders, J. & Korvink, J. G.Micro and Nano Scale NMR: Technologies and Systems1 edn. Advanced Micro and Nanosystems (Wiley, 2018)

    2018

  38. [38]

    V., While, P

    Meissner, M. V., While, P. T., Mager, D. & Korvink, J. G. Microscale nuclear mag- netic resonance gradient chip.Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering33, 015002 (2022). URL http://dx.doi.org/10. 1088/1361-6439/ac9e4a

    2022

  39. [39]

    URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0275023

    He, H.et al.A hybrid gradient coil design method generating ultra-high gradient mag- netic field for micro-mri utilization.Review of Scientific Instruments96(2025). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0275023

    work page doi:10.1063/5.0275023 2025

  40. [40]

    F.et al.A programmable two- qubit quantum processor in silicon.Nature 555, 633–637 (2018)

    Watson, T. F.et al.A programmable two- qubit quantum processor in silicon.Nature 555, 633–637 (2018)

    2018

  41. [41]

    Aldeghi, M.et al.Simulation and mea- surement of stray fields for the manipulation of spin qubits in one- and two-dimensional arrays.Nano Letters25, 1838–1844 (2025)

    2025

  42. [42]

    & Khashan, S

    Alnaimat, F., Dagher, S., Mathew, B., Hilal- Alnqbi, A. & Khashan, S. Microfluidics based magnetophoresis: A review.The Chemical Record18, 1596–1612 (2018). URL http: //dx.doi.org/10.1002/tcr.201800018

    work page doi:10.1002/tcr.201800018 2018

  43. [43]

    URL http://dx.doi.org/10

    Descamps, L.et al.Self-assembled permanent micro-magnets in a polymer-based microflu- idic device for magnetic cell sorting.Cells 10, 1734 (2021). URL http://dx.doi.org/10. 3390/cells10071734

    2021

  44. [44]

    D.Efficient generation of magnetic-field gradients for microwave trapped ion quantum computing using soft ferromagnetic materials in a cryogenic sys- tem

    Taylor-Burdett, P. D.Efficient generation of magnetic-field gradients for microwave trapped ion quantum computing using soft ferromagnetic materials in a cryogenic sys- tem. Ph.D. thesis, University of Sussex (2022)

    2022

  45. [45]

    Matula, R. A. Electrical resistivity of cop- per, gold, palladium, and silver.Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data8, 1147–1298 (1979). URL http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1063/1.555614. 16

    work page doi:10.1063/1.555614 1979