arxiv: 2605.06299 · v1 · submitted 2026-05-07 · ❄️ cond-mat.mes-hall

Recognition: unknown

Anomalous Thomson Effect

Ying-Fei Zhang , Zhi-Fan Zhang , Zhen-Gang Zhu , Gang Su

Authors on Pith no claims yet

Pith reviewed 2026-05-08 06:20 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.mes-hall

keywords anomalous Thomson effectanomalous Nernst effectBerry curvaturethermoelectric refrigerationmassive Dirac modeltopological materials

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The pith

The anomalous Thomson coefficient is a direct function of the anomalous Nernst coefficient and is enhanced relative to it.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This paper proposes the anomalous Thomson effect as the thermoelectric counterpart to the anomalous Nernst effect in systems with broken time-reversal symmetry. Using a massive Dirac model for Fe3Sn2 that encodes Berry-curvature-driven transport, the authors derive the anomalous Thomson coefficient explicitly as a function of the anomalous Nernst coefficient. The resulting relation is model-independent, so existing measurements of the Nernst coefficient can be converted into predictions for the Thomson coefficient. In materials such as CeCrGe3 the Thomson coefficient reaches values fifteen times larger than the Nernst coefficient near liquid-nitrogen temperature, which would make the effect attractive for solid-state refrigeration if confirmed.

Core claim

The anomalous Thomson effect is defined by deriving its coefficient directly from the anomalous Nernst coefficient within the massive Dirac model for Fe3Sn2. The anomalous Thomson coefficient exceeds the anomalous Nernst coefficient at all temperatures and their ratio approaches three in the low-temperature limit. Because the relation does not depend on material-specific details beyond the model used for the derivation, experimental anomalous Nernst data for CoS2, Co3Sn2S2, and CeCrGe3 can be converted into predicted anomalous Thomson values, with CeCrGe3 showing an anomalous Thomson coefficient up to fifteen times its anomalous Nernst coefficient in the liquid-nitrogen temperature regime.

What carries the argument

The model-independent functional relation that expresses the anomalous Thomson coefficient in terms of the anomalous Nernst coefficient, obtained from the massive Dirac Hamiltonian capturing intrinsic Berry-curvature transport.

If this is right

The anomalous Thomson coefficient can be obtained from any existing anomalous Nernst measurement without new equipment or additional data collection.
CeCrGe3 is predicted to exhibit an anomalous Thomson coefficient fifteen times larger than its anomalous Nernst coefficient near 77 K, offering potential for thermoelectric refrigeration.
The ratio of the two coefficients approaches three at low temperature in any system described by the same Berry-curvature mechanism.
Verification of the anomalous Thomson effect can be performed immediately with setups already used for anomalous Nernst experiments.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

If the predicted enhancement holds, materials already known for large anomalous Nernst signals become candidates for improved solid-state coolers operating near liquid-nitrogen temperature.
The same conversion could be applied to other topological magnets or semimetals that display measurable anomalous Nernst responses.
Extensions of the relation to finite magnetic fields or to systems with disorder would test how robust the factor-of-three low-temperature limit remains.

Load-bearing premise

The relation between the anomalous Thomson effect and the anomalous Nernst effect remains valid independently of the specific material model beyond the massive Dirac framework used to derive it.

What would settle it

A direct experimental measurement of the Thomson coefficient in CeCrGe3 at approximately 77 K that fails to match the value obtained by converting its measured anomalous Nernst coefficient through the derived relation.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.06299 by Gang Su, Ying-Fei Zhang, Zhen-Gang Zhu, Zhi-Fan Zhang.

**Figure 1.** Figure 1: FIG. 1. Schematics of thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects. (a-c) Seebeck, Peltier, and Thomson effects. (d-f) Field view at source ↗

**Figure 2.** Figure 2: (b). The magnitude of τATE reaches a peak value of −24.44 µV/K around 400 K, and the negative sign of τATE signifies a transverse cooling effect within the material. Notably, the result reveals that the cooling performance is enhanced as the Fermi energy decreases, i.e., the closer εF to the Dirac point, the more pronounced the ATE occurs view at source ↗

**Figure 3.** Figure 3: FIG. 3. (a) Temperature dependence of the anomalous Nernst view at source ↗

read the original abstract

We propose an effect named the anomalous Thomson effect (ATE), analogous to the anomalous Hall effect and the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE). The anomalous Thomson coefficient (ATC) is derived as a function of the anomalous Nernst coefficient (ANC); hence, the ATC inherits the same mechanisms of the ANC. Specifically, we study a massive Dirac model for Fe3Sn2 to capture intrinsic Berry-curvature-driven transport. Our results show that the ATC is generally enhanced relative to the ANC. In the low-temperature limit, the ratio ATC/ANC approaches three. Since the relation between the ATE and the ANE is model-independent, we utilize experimental ANE data to infer experiment-related ATC for CoS2, Co3Sn2S2, and CeCrGe3. We find that the ATC for CeCrGe3 can be as large as fifteen times the ANC in the liquid-nitrogen temperature regime, making this effect highly attractive for solid-state thermoelectric refrigeration in this temperature range. It is important to emphasize that the proposed ATE can be directly verified using existing ANE data, without the need for additional equipment or measurements.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

The paper defines an anomalous Thomson coefficient as a direct function of the anomalous Nernst coefficient with a low-T ratio of three, then infers large values for CeCrGe3 from existing data, but the model-independence claim is only shown inside one Dirac model.

read the letter

The main point here is that they introduce the anomalous Thomson effect and tie its coefficient directly to the anomalous Nernst coefficient, so that existing ANE measurements can be turned into ATC estimates without new experiments. In the massive Dirac model for Fe3Sn2 the ATC comes out larger than the ANC, approaching a factor of three at low temperature, and they apply the same link to experimental ANE data on CoS2, Co3Sn2S2, and CeCrGe3 to get a factor of fifteen at 77 K for the last material. That last number is what they flag as potentially useful for solid-state cooling near liquid-nitrogen temperatures. The work is new in naming the effect and writing down the explicit relation plus the material estimates; it sits squarely in the line of Berry-curvature transport papers that already treat the anomalous Nernst effect. The calculation itself is straightforward once the model is set up, and the choice to reuse published ANE numbers is practical. The soft spot is the assertion that the ATC-ANC relation is model-independent. It is derived inside the massive Dirac Hamiltonian for Fe3Sn2, yet the abstract presents the functional link as general enough to apply unchanged to other compounds. No alternative band structures or scattering regimes are checked in the material provided, so the numerical inferences for CeCrGe3 and the refrigeration suggestion rest on that untested step. If the mapping shifts with different Berry curvature profiles, the factor-of-fifteen claim loses its footing. The paper is aimed at researchers already following anomalous Hall and Nernst transport in magnetic materials and at those interested in thermoelectric coefficients. A reader who knows the ANE literature will follow the extension without trouble, and the concrete predictions make it easy to test. It is worth sending to a serious referee because the central idea is simple to verify experimentally and the potential application is stated clearly enough to be checked, even if the model-independence part needs tightening.

Referee Report

3 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript proposes the anomalous Thomson effect (ATE) analogous to the anomalous Hall and Nernst effects. Using a massive Dirac model for Fe3Sn2 to capture intrinsic Berry-curvature transport, it derives the anomalous Thomson coefficient (ATC) explicitly as a function of the anomalous Nernst coefficient (ANC), showing general enhancement of ATC relative to ANC with the low-temperature ratio approaching three. The authors assert that the ATC-ANC relation is model-independent, allowing direct inference of ATC values from existing experimental ANC data for CoS2, Co3Sn2S2, and CeCrGe3, with the latter reaching up to 15× ANC near 77 K and thus promising for solid-state thermoelectric refrigeration.

Significance. If the claimed model-independent mapping holds, the work provides a practical route to predict enhanced thermoelectric responses in known ANE materials using only existing data, without new equipment. The explicit connection to experimental ANC measurements for multiple compounds and the focus on liquid-nitrogen temperatures strengthen the applied relevance; the Berry-curvature-based derivation in the Dirac model is a clear strength.

major comments (3)

[Abstract and derivation section] Abstract and the central derivation: the assertion that 'the relation between the ATE and the ANE is model-independent' is load-bearing for all experimental inferences (including the factor-of-15 claim for CeCrGe3 at 77 K), yet the functional mapping ATC(ANC) is obtained only inside the massive Dirac Hamiltonian for Fe3Sn2. No analytic proof or numerical checks are provided for alternative band structures, different Berry-curvature profiles, or regimes with extrinsic scattering; if the mapping changes with microscopic details, the direct use of experimental ANC(T) data for other materials loses its foundation.
[Low-temperature analysis] Low-temperature limit result: the statement that ATC/ANC approaches three as T→0 is presented as general, but it must be shown to survive variations in Fermi level position, temperature-dependent scattering rates, or deviations from the massive Dirac dispersion; without such robustness checks the limiting ratio cannot be used to anchor the enhancement claims across materials.
[Application to experimental data] Inference for CeCrGe3 and other compounds: the paper applies the Fe3Sn2-derived mapping to experimental ANC data from chemically and structurally distinct materials. A discussion of possible differences in dominant mechanisms (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) between the model system and the experimental compounds is required to justify the numerical factors reported.

minor comments (2)

[Introduction/Notation] Notation for the anomalous Thomson coefficient should be introduced with an explicit equation relating it to the heat current and temperature gradient, to avoid ambiguity with conventional Thomson coefficient definitions.
[Results] The manuscript would benefit from a brief comparison table of the inferred ATC/ANC ratios across the three materials at selected temperatures, including error estimates from the experimental ANC data.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

3 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the positive evaluation of the significance of our work and for the detailed, constructive comments. We address each major comment below, indicating the revisions we will make to the manuscript.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: [Abstract and derivation section] Abstract and the central derivation: the assertion that 'the relation between the ATE and the ANE is model-independent' is load-bearing for all experimental inferences (including the factor-of-15 claim for CeCrGe3 at 77 K), yet the functional mapping ATC(ANC) is obtained only inside the massive Dirac Hamiltonian for Fe3Sn2. No analytic proof or numerical checks are provided for alternative band structures, different Berry-curvature profiles, or regimes with extrinsic scattering; if the mapping changes with microscopic details, the direct use of experimental ANC(T) data for other materials loses its foundation.

Authors: We agree that the model-independence claim requires stronger support than currently provided. The relation is obtained from the general thermoelectric response functions expressed in terms of Berry curvature integrals, which in principle hold for any band structure when intrinsic contributions dominate. However, the manuscript does not include explicit checks on other dispersions or scattering regimes. In the revision we will add both an analytic argument based on the structure of the transport integrals (independent of the specific massive Dirac form) and numerical verification using at least one additional model (e.g., a two-band k·p Hamiltonian with different Berry curvature profile). These additions will be placed in the derivation section and will directly support the subsequent experimental inferences. revision: yes
Referee: [Low-temperature analysis] Low-temperature limit result: the statement that ATC/ANC approaches three as T→0 is presented as general, but it must be shown to survive variations in Fermi level position, temperature-dependent scattering rates, or deviations from the massive Dirac dispersion; without such robustness checks the limiting ratio cannot be used to anchor the enhancement claims across materials.

Authors: We acknowledge that the low-temperature ratio of three is derived analytically within the specific model assumptions (constant relaxation time, fixed Fermi level). To demonstrate robustness we will extend the low-temperature analysis to include (i) shifts of the Fermi level across the gap and (ii) a simple temperature-dependent scattering rate. The revised manuscript will contain additional analytic expressions and numerical plots confirming that the ratio still approaches three in these cases, thereby justifying its use as a general anchor for the enhancement factor. revision: yes
Referee: [Application to experimental data] Inference for CeCrGe3 and other compounds: the paper applies the Fe3Sn2-derived mapping to experimental ANC data from chemically and structurally distinct materials. A discussion of possible differences in dominant mechanisms (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) between the model system and the experimental compounds is required to justify the numerical factors reported.

Authors: This point is well taken. The current manuscript assumes that the intrinsic Berry-curvature mechanism dominates in the cited compounds, consistent with existing literature on their anomalous Hall and Nernst responses. We will insert a concise discussion paragraph that (a) summarizes the evidence for intrinsic dominance in CoS2, Co3Sn2S2, and CeCrGe3 and (b) explicitly notes that extrinsic contributions could modify the ATC/ANC ratio, thereby qualifying the inferred numerical factors. This paragraph will also emphasize that direct ATE measurements are ultimately needed for confirmation. revision: yes

Circularity Check

1 steps flagged

ATC constructed as explicit function of ANC in Dirac model then applied to experimental data of other materials

specific steps

self definitional [Abstract]
"The anomalous Thomson coefficient (ATC) is derived as a function of the anomalous Nernst coefficient (ANC); hence, the ATC inherits the same mechanisms of the ANC. [...] Since the relation between the ATE and the ANE is model-independent, we utilize experimental ANE data to infer experiment-related ATC for CoS2, Co3Sn2S2, and CeCrGe3. We find that the ATC for CeCrGe3 can be as large as fifteen times the ANC in the liquid-nitrogen temperature regime"

ATC is obtained by direct derivation as a function of ANC within the Fe3Sn2 model; the numerical ATC values and refrigeration claim for CeCrGe3 are then generated by feeding independent experimental ANC data into that same function, so the output ratio is a re-expression of the input derivation rather than an independent result.

full rationale

The paper derives ATC directly as a function of ANC inside the massive Dirac model for Fe3Sn2 and then invokes a model-independence claim to compute ATC values (including the 15x enhancement at 77 K) for CeCrGe3 and others solely from their measured ANC(T) curves. This step links the reported practical result to the model-derived mapping by construction, yet the model calculation itself remains independent and the low-T ratio of 3 is presented as a concrete output. No self-citation chain or ansatz smuggling is present, so the circularity is partial and limited to the inference step rather than the entire derivation.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on a model-independent relation between ATE and ANE plus the assumption that a massive Dirac model captures the intrinsic Berry-curvature physics in Fe3Sn2; no free parameters or new entities are introduced in the abstract.

axioms (1)

domain assumption The relation between the anomalous Thomson effect and the anomalous Nernst effect is model-independent.
Stated explicitly in the abstract as the basis for inferring ATC from experimental ANC data across multiple materials.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5500 in / 1372 out tokens · 55333 ms · 2026-05-08T06:20:10.449786+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Reference graph

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