pith. machine review for the scientific record. sign in

arxiv: 2605.09088 · v1 · submitted 2026-05-09 · ❄️ cond-mat.mes-hall

Recognition: 2 theorem links

· Lean Theorem

Effect of spin-dependent tunneling and intervalley scattering in magnetic-semiconductor van der Waals heterostructures on exciton and trion polarization

V.N. Mantsevich
Authors on Pith no claims yet

Pith reviewed 2026-05-12 02:34 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.mes-hall
keywords valley pseudospinmagnetic proximity effectvan der Waals heterostructuresexciton trion polarizationintervalley scatteringphotoluminescence dynamicsTMD monolayersspin-dependent tunneling
0
0 comments X

The pith

The ratio of electron tunneling time to intervalley scattering and radiative lifetimes sets photoluminescence polarization dynamics and sign in magnetic TMD heterostructures

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper develops a theoretical model attributing polarization peculiarities in photoluminescence from TMD monolayers to the magnetic proximity effect in van der Waals stacks with 2D magnets. It demonstrates that the competition between spin-dependent interlayer electron tunneling, intervalley scattering of excitons and trions, and their radiative decay controls both the magnitude and possible sign reversal of the emitted light's polarization under circular excitation. This approach also incorporates scattering between bright and dark states to enable longer-range manipulation of valley and spin pseudospin in multilayer systems.

Core claim

The ratio between the electron tunneling timescale and the exciton and trion intervalley scattering lifetimes and radiative lifetimes determines the PL dynamics. A possibility to switch PL polarization sign due to the quasi-particles dynamics under circularly polarized laser excitations is revealed, with generalization to intervalley and intravalley processes between bright and dark excitons.

What carries the argument

Spin-dependent interlayer charge transfer combined with intervalley scattering of excitons and trions, analyzed self-consistently in TMD/magnetic material van der Waals heterostructures.

If this is right

  • Long-distance manipulation of exciton and trion behaviors is possible via heterostructure design.
  • Effective control under spin and valley pseudospin can be realized in multilayer magnetic-semiconductor van der Waals heterostructures.
  • The model extends to account for both intervalley and intravalley scattering between bright and dark excitons.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Device architectures could exploit the predicted polarization switch for valleytronic logic elements without external magnetic fields.
  • Systematic variation of layer thickness or material choice would allow direct mapping of the critical tunneling-to-scattering timescale ratio in experiments.
  • Inclusion of substrate-induced effects or defect scattering in refined models might reveal additional control knobs for polarization.

Load-bearing premise

That the observed peculiarities in photoluminescence polarization arise primarily from the interplay of spin-dependent interlayer charge transfer and intervalley scattering rather than from defects, substrate effects, or additional scattering channels.

What would settle it

Experimental observation that photoluminescence polarization sign and dynamics show no clear dependence on the ratio of tunneling timescale to intervalley scattering and radiative lifetimes, or remain unchanged when the magnetic layer is replaced by a non-magnetic one.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.09088 by V.N. Mantsevich.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Scheme of the processes causing the population dyn [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Spin polarization degree time evolution for excit [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Spin polarization degree time evolution for excit [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Spin polarization degree sign changing (solid cur [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: The general scheme of the intervalley and intraval [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_5.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We present a theoretical analysis of valley pseudospin control in the transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayer by utilizing the magnetic proximity effect of 2D magnetic layer and, propose self-consistent analysis of photoluminescence (PL) polarization peculiarities in TMD/magnetic material van der Waals heterostructures. We attribute observed peculiarities to the interplay between spin-dependent interlayer charge transfer and intervalley scattering of excitons and trions. The ratio between the electron tunneling timescale and the exciton and trion intervalley scattering lifetimes and radiative lifetimes determine the PL dynamics. A possibility to switch PL polarization sign due to the quasi-particles dynamics under circularly polarized laser excitations is revealed. We also discuss generalization of the proposed model due to the careful analysis of both intervalley and intravalley scattering processes between bright and dark excitons. Obtained results allow a long-distance manipulation of exciton and trion behaviors and open the possibilities for the effective control under spin and valley pseudospin in multilayer magnetic-semiconductor van der Waals heterostructures.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 3 minor

Summary. The manuscript develops a rate-equation model for the population dynamics of bright and dark excitons and trions in TMD/magnetic-semiconductor van der Waals heterostructures. It incorporates spin-dependent interlayer tunneling, intervalley and intravalley scattering channels, and radiative recombination to explain photoluminescence (PL) polarization peculiarities. The central claim is that the ratio of the electron tunneling timescale to the exciton/trion intervalley scattering and radiative lifetimes governs the PL dynamics, with a predicted possibility of polarization sign reversal under circularly polarized excitation. The model is generalized to include both intervalley and intravalley processes and extended to multilayer structures for long-distance control of spin and valley pseudospin.

Significance. If the model's derivations and predictions hold, this work supplies a useful theoretical framework for valley pseudospin manipulation via magnetic proximity effects in 2D heterostructures. The self-consistent treatment of multiple scattering channels (bright/dark states, intra- and intervalley) and the explicit prediction of polarization sign switching constitute falsifiable, testable outcomes that could guide experiments in valleytronics. The absence of free parameters or ad-hoc entities in the construction, together with the direct derivation of the sign-switch from timescale ordering, strengthens the contribution.

minor comments (3)
  1. The notation and symbols for the various timescales (tunneling time, intervalley scattering lifetime, radiative lifetime) should be collected in a single table or clearly defined list early in the model section to improve readability.
  2. The manuscript refers to 'observed peculiarities' in PL polarization; adding a brief comparison (even qualitative) to one or two specific experimental datasets from the TMD/magnetic heterostructure literature would strengthen the attribution to the proposed interplay of processes.
  3. A schematic diagram illustrating the intervalley and intravalley scattering channels between bright and dark states would clarify the generalization discussed in the final section.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful reading and positive assessment of our manuscript, including the accurate summary of the rate-equation model and the recommendation for minor revision. No specific major comments were raised that require point-by-point rebuttal.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity detected

full rationale

The manuscript constructs a self-consistent rate-equation model for exciton and trion populations that incorporates spin-dependent tunneling, intervalley/intravalley scattering, and bright/dark states. The claimed PL polarization dynamics and sign-reversal possibility are direct consequences of solving these equations once timescale orderings are posited; no parameter is shown to be fitted to the polarization data it is then said to predict, and no derivation step reduces to a self-citation or redefinition of its own inputs. The model remains predictive under its stated assumptions and is therefore self-contained against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

The abstract alone does not enumerate free parameters, axioms, or invented entities; the model implicitly relies on standard assumptions about scattering lifetimes and tunneling rates that are treated as inputs rather than derived quantities.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5480 in / 1255 out tokens · 62430 ms · 2026-05-12T02:34:34.179384+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

What do these tags mean?
matches
The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
supports
The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends
The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses
The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts
The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear
Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

78 extracted references · 78 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    A. K. Geim, I. V . Grigorieva, V an der waals het- erostructures, Nature 499 (2013) 419-425. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12385. doi:10.1038/nature12385

    work page doi:10.1038/nature12385 2013

  2. [2]

    J. F. Sierra, J. Fabian, R. K. Kawakami, S. Roche, S. O. V alenzuela, V an der waals heterostruc- tures for spintronics and opto-spintronics, Na- ture Nanotechnology 16 (2021) 856-868. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00936-x . doi:10.1038/s41565-021-00936-x

    work page doi:10.1038/s41565-021-00936-x 2021

  3. [3]

    Manzeli, D

    S. Manzeli, D. Ovchinnikov, D. Pasquier, O. V . Y azyev, A. Kis, 2d transition metal dichalco- genides, Nature Reviews Materials 2 (2017). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2017.33. doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2017.33

    work page doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2017.33 2017

  4. [4]

    K. F. Mak, K. He, J. Shan, T. F. Heinz, Control of valley polarization in monolayer mos2 by optical helic- ity, Nature Nanotechnology 7 (2012) 494-498. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.96. doi:10.1038/nnano.2012.96

    work page doi:10.1038/nnano.2012.96 2012

  5. [5]

    Z. Y e, D. Sun, T. F. Heinz, Optical manipulation of valley pseudospin, Nature Physics 13 (2016) 26-

    work page 2016

  6. [6]

    doi:10.1038/nphys3891

    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NPHYS3891. doi:10.1038/nphys3891

    work page doi:10.1038/nphys3891

  7. [7]

    H. Zeng, J. Dai, W . Y ao, D. Xiao, X. Cui, V alley polarization in mos2 monolayers by optical pump- ing, Nature Nanotechnology 7 (2012) 490-493. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.95. doi:10.1038/nnano.2012.95

    work page doi:10.1038/nnano.2012.95 2012

  8. [8]

    G. Wang, A. Chernikov, M. M. Glazov, T. F. Heinz, X. Marie, T. Amand, B. Urbaszek, Colloquium : Excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalco- genides, Reviews of Modern Physics 90 (2018). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.90.021001. doi:10.1103/revmodphys.90.021001

    work page doi:10.1103/revmodphys.90.021001 2018

  9. [9]

    MacNeill, C

    D. MacNeill, C. Heikes, K. F. Mak, Z. Anderson, A. Kormanyos, V . Zolyomi, J. Park, D. C. Ralph, Breaking of valley degeneracy by magnetic field in mono- layer mose2, Physical Review Letters 114 (2015). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.037401. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.037401

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.037401 2015

  10. [10]

    N. S. Maslova, I. V . Rozhansky, V . N. Mantsevich, P . I. Arseyev, N. S. Averkiev, E. Lähderanta, Dynamic spin injection into a quantum well coupled to a spin- split bound state, Physical Review B 97 (2018). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.97.195445. doi:10.1103/physrevb.97.195445

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevb.97.195445 2018

  11. [11]

    V . N. Mantsevich, I. V . Rozhansky, N. S. Maslova, P . I. Arseyev, N. S. Averkiev, E. Lähderanta, Mech- anism of ultrafast spin-polarization switching in nanostructures, Physical Review B 99 (2019). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.99.115307. doi:10.1103/physrevb.99.115307

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevb.99.115307 2019

  12. [12]

    Scharf, G

    B. Scharf, G. Xu, A. Matos-Abiague, I. Zu- tic, Magnetic proximity e ffects in transition- metal dichalcogenides: Converting excitons, Physical Review Letters 119 (2017). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.127403. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.119.127403

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.119.127403 2017

  13. [13]

    Zhong, K

    D. Zhong, K. L. Seyler, X. Linpeng, R. Cheng, N. Sivadas, B. Huang, E. Schmidgall, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, M. A. McGuire, W . Y ao, D. Xiao, K.-M. C. Fu, X. Xu, V an der waals engineering of ferromagnetic semiconductor heterostructures for spin and valleytronics, Science Advances 3 (2017). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1603113. doi:10.1126/scia...

    work page doi:10.1126/sciadv.1603113 2017

  14. [14]

    Huang, G

    B. Huang, G. Clark, D. R. Klein, D. MacNeill, E. Navarro- Moratalla, K. L. Seyler, N. Wilson, M. A. McGuire, D. H. Cobden, D. Xiao, W . Y ao, P . Jarillo-Herrero, X. Xu, Electrical control of 2d magnetism in bilayer cri3, Nature Nanotechnology 13 (2018) 544-548. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0121-3 . doi:10.1038/s41565-018-0121-3

    work page doi:10.1038/s41565-018-0121-3 2018

  15. [15]

    C. Gong, X. Zhang, Two-dimensional magnetic crystals and emergent heterostruc- ture devices, Science 363 (2019). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aav4450. doi:10.1126/science.aav4450

    work page doi:10.1126/science.aav4450 2019

  16. [16]

    K. S. Burch, D. Mandrus, J.-G. Park, Mag- netism in two-dimensional van der waals ma- terials, Nature 563 (2018) 47-52. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0631-z . doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0631-z

    work page doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0631-z 2018

  17. [17]

    Gibertini, M

    M. Gibertini, M. Koperski, A. F. Morpurgo, K. S. Novoselov, Magnetic 2d materials and heterostructures, Nature Nanotechnology 14 (2019) 408-419. URL: 8 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0438-6 . doi:10.1038/s41565-019-0438-6

    work page doi:10.1038/s41565-019-0438-6 2019

  18. [18]

    C. Gong, L. Li, Z. Li, H. Ji, A. Stern, Y . Xia, T. Cao, W . Bao, C. Wang, Y . Wang, Z. Q. Qiu, R. J. Cava, S. G. Louie, J. Xia, X. Zhang, Discov- ery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der waals crystals, Nature 546 (2017) 265-269. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature22060. doi:10.1038/nature22060

    work page doi:10.1038/nature22060 2017

  19. [19]

    Sivadas, M

    N. Sivadas, M. W . Daniels, R. H. Swendsen, S. Okamoto, D. Xiao, Magnetic ground state of semiconducting transition-metal trichalcogenide monolayers, Physical Review B 91 (2015). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.235425. doi:10.1103/physrevb.91.235425

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevb.91.235425 2015

  20. [20]

    Zhang, Q

    W .-B. Zhang, Q. Qu, P . Zhu, C.-H. Lam, Robust intrinsic ferromagnetism and half semiconductivity in stable two-dimensional single-layer chromium trihalides , Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3 (2015) 12457-12468. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5TC02840J. doi:10.1039/c5tc02840j

    work page doi:10.1039/c5tc02840j 2015

  21. [21]

    X. Wang, K. Du, Y . Y . Fredrik Liu, P . Hu, J. Zhang, Q. Zhang, M. H. S. Owen, X. Lu, C. K. Gan, P . Sengupta, C. Kloc, Q. Xiong, Raman spectroscopy of atomically thin two-dimensional magnetic iron phosphorus trisulfide ( f eps3) crystals, 2D Materials 3 (2016) 031009. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/3/3/031009. doi:10.1088/2053-1583/3/3/031009

    work page doi:10.1088/2053-1583/3/3/031009 2016

  22. [22]

    Bonilla, S

    M. Bonilla, S. Kolekar, Y . Ma, H. C. Diaz, V . Kalap- pattil, R. Das, T. Eggers, H. R. Gutierrez, M.-H. Phan, M. Batzill, Strong room-temperature ferromag- netism in vse2 monolayers on van der waals substrates, Nature Nanotechnology 13 (2018) 289-293. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0063-9 . doi:10.1038/s41565-018-0063-9

    work page doi:10.1038/s41565-018-0063-9 2018

  23. [23]

    D. J. OHara, T. Zhu, A. H. Trout, A. S. Ahmed, Y . K. Luo, C. H. Lee, M. R. Brenner, S. Rajan, J. A. Gupta, D. W . McComb, R. K. Kawakami, Room temperature intrinsic ferromagnetism in epi- taxial manganese selenide films in the monolayer limit, Nano Letters 18 (2018) 3125-3131. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00683. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00683

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00683 2018

  24. [24]

    Z. Fei, B. Huang, P . Malinowski, W . Wang, T. Song, J. Sanchez, W . Y ao, D. Xiao, X. Zhu, A. F. May, W . Wu, D. H. Cobden, J.-H. Chu, X. Xu, Two- dimensional itinerant ferromagnetism in atomically thin f e3gete2, Nature Materials 17 (2018) 778-782. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0149-7 . doi:10.1038/s41563-018-0149-7

    work page doi:10.1038/s41563-018-0149-7 2018

  25. [25]

    X. Li, J. Y ang, crxte 3(x = si, ge) nanosheets: two dimensional intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductors, Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2 (2014) 7071. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C4TC01193G. doi:10.1039/c4tc01193g

    work page doi:10.1039/c4tc01193g 2014

  26. [26]

    D. I. Markina, P . Mondal, L. Krelle, S. Shradha, M. M. Glazov, R. von Klitzing, K. Mosina, Z. Sofer, B. Ur- baszek, Interplay of vibrational, electronic, and magneti c states in crsbr, npj Quantum Materials 11 (2026). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41535-026-00850-2 . doi:10.1038/s41535-026-00850-2

    work page doi:10.1038/s41535-026-00850-2 2026

  27. [27]

    Göser, W

    O. Göser, W . Paul, H. Kahle, Magnetic prop- erties of crsbr, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 92 (1990) 129-136. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(90)90689-N. doi:10.1016/0304-8853(90)90689-n

    work page doi:10.1016/0304-8853(90)90689-n 1990

  28. [28]

    X. Xu, W . Y ao, D. Xiao, T. F. Heinz, Spin and pseudospins in layered transition metal dichalco- genides, Nature Physics 10 (2014) 343-350. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys2942. doi:10.1038/nphys2942

    work page doi:10.1038/nphys2942 2014

  29. [29]

    Q. Tong, M. Chen, W . Y ao, Magnetic prox- imity e ffect in a van der waals moire superlat- tice, Physical Review Applied 12 (2019). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.12.024031. doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.12.024031

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.12.024031 2019

  30. [30]

    J. Choi, C. Lane, J.-X. Zhu, S. A. Crooker, Asymmetric magnetic proximity interactions in mose2/ crbr3 van der waals heterostructures, Nature Materials 22 (2022) 305-310. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41563-022-01424-w . doi:10.1038/s41563-022-01424-w

    work page doi:10.1038/s41563-022-01424-w 2022

  31. [31]

    Ciorciaro, M

    L. Ciorciaro, M. Kroner, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, A. Imamoglu, Observation of magnetic proxim- ity e ffect using resonant optical spectroscopy of an electrically tunable mose2/ crbr3 heterostruc- ture, Physical Review Letters 124 (2020). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.197401. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.124.197401

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.124.197401 2020

  32. [32]

    K. L. Seyler, D. Zhong, B. Huang, X. Linpeng, N. P . Wilson, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, W . Y ao, D. Xiao, M. A. McGuire, K.-M. C. Fu, X. Xu, V alley manipulation by optically tuning the mag- netic proximity e ffect in wse2/ cri3 heterostruc- tures, Nano Letters 18 (2018) 3823-3828. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01105. doi:10.1021/acs.nanol...

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01105 2018

  33. [33]

    Zhong, K

    D. Zhong, K. L. Seyler, X. Linpeng, N. P . Wilson, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, M. A. McGuire, K.-M. C. Fu, D. Xiao, W . Y ao, X. Xu, Layer-resolved magnetic proximity e ffect in van der waals heterostructures, Nature Nanotechnology 15 (2020) 187-191. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0629-1 . doi:10.1038/s41565-019-0629-1 . 9

    work page doi:10.1038/s41565-019-0629-1 2020

  34. [34]

    T. P . Lyons, D. Gillard, A. Molina-Sanchez, A. Misra, F. Withers, P . S. Keatley, A. Kozikov, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, K. S. Novoselov, J. Fernandez- Rossier, A. I. Tartakovskii, Interplay between spin proximity e ffect and charge-dependent exciton dy- namics in mose2/ crbr3 van der waals heterostruc- tures, Nature Communications 11 (2020). URL: http://...

    work page doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19816-4 2020

  35. [35]

    Zhang, S

    T. Zhang, S. Zhao, A. Wang, Z. Xiong, Y . Liu, M. Xi, S. Li, H. Lei, Z. V . Han, F. Wang, Electrically and magnetically tunable valley polarization in monolayer mose2 proximitized by a 2d ferromagnetic semiconduc- tor, Advanced Functional Materials 32 (2022). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202204779. doi:10.1002/adfm.202204779

    work page doi:10.1002/adfm.202204779 2022

  36. [36]

    G.-Y . Hong, S. Zhao, F. Jin, L. Liu, L. Y ang, Q. Zhang, M. Tan, K. Li, C. Hu, H.-B. Sun, L. Lin, Asym- metric valley polarization of excitons and trions in antiferromagnet-semiconductor mose2/ cri3 heterostruc- tures, ACS Nano 19 (2025) 34880-34889. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c10756. doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c10756

    work page doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c10756 2025

  37. [37]

    Huang, Z

    X. Huang, Z. Song, Y . Gao, P . Gu, K. Watan- abe, T. Taniguchi, S. Y ang, Z. Chen, Y . Y e, In- trinsic localized excitons in mose2/ crsbr het- erostructure, Advanced Materials 37 (2024). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202413438. doi:10.1002/adma.202413438

    work page doi:10.1002/adma.202413438 2024

  38. [38]

    W . Wu, M. Liu, J. Zhou, J. Li, Y . Zhang, F. Xu, X. Li, Y . Wu, Z. Wu, J. Kang, Chirality-dependent valley polarization in magnetic van der waals heterostructures via spin-selective charge trans- fer, Nano Letters 24 (2024) 6225-6232. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00503. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00503

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00503 2024

  39. [39]

    J. Dang, T. Wu, S. Y an, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, H. Lei, X.-X. Zhang, Electrical switching of spin-polarized light-emitting diodes based on a 2d cri3/ hbn/ wse2 het- erostructure, Nature Communications 15 (2024). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51287-9 . doi:10.1038/s41467-024-51287-9

    work page doi:10.1038/s41467-024-51287-9 2024

  40. [40]

    Kioseoglou, A

    G. Kioseoglou, A. T. Hanbicki, M. Currie, A. L. Friedman, D. Gunlycke, B. T. Jonker, V alley po- larization and intervalley scattering in monolayer mos2, Applied Physics Letters 101 (2012) 221907. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4768299. doi:10.1063/1.4768299

    work page doi:10.1063/1.4768299 2012

  41. [41]

    Surrente, L

    A. Surrente, L. Klopotowski, N. Zhang, M. Baranowski, A. A. Mitioglu, M. V . Ballottin, P . C. Christianen, D. Dumcenco, Y .-C. Kung, D. K. Maude, A. Kis, P . Plochocka, Intervalley scattering of interlayer ex- citons in a mos2/ mose2/ mos2 heterostructure in high magnetic field, Nano Letters 18 (2018) 3994-4000. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett...

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01484 2018

  42. [42]

    C. Mai, A. Barrette, Y . Y u, Y . G. Semenov, K. W . Kim, L. Cao, K. Gundogdu, Many-body e ffects in valleytronics: Direct measurement of valley lifetimes in single-layer mos2, Nano Letters 14 (2013) 202-

    work page 2013

  43. [43]

    doi:10.1021/nl403742j

    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl403742j. doi:10.1021/nl403742j

    work page doi:10.1021/nl403742j

  44. [44]

    T. Y u, M. W . Wu, V alley depolarization due to intervalley and intravalley electron-hole exchange interactions in monolayer mos2, Physical Review B 89 (2014). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.205303. doi:10.1103/physrevb.89.205303

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevb.89.205303 2014

  45. [45]

    Molina-Sanchez, D

    A. Molina-Sanchez, D. Sangalli, L. Wirtz, A. Marini, Ab initio calculations of ultrashort carrier dynamics in two- dimensional materials: V alley depolarization in single- layer wse2, Nano Letters 17 (2017) 4549-4555. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00175. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00175

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00175 2017

  46. [46]

    B. R. Carvalho, Y . Wang, S. Mignuzzi, D. Roy, M. Ter- rones, C. Fantini, V . H. Crespi, L. M. Malard, M. A. Pimenta, Intervalley scattering by acoustic phonons in two-dimensional mos2 revealed by double-resonance raman spectroscopy, Nature Communications 8 (2017). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14670. doi:10.1038/ncomms14670

    work page doi:10.1038/ncomms14670 2017

  47. [47]

    Miller, J

    B. Miller, J. Lindlau, M. Bommert, A. Neumann, H. Y amaguchi, A. Holleitner, A. Högele, U. Wurstbauer, Tuning the fröhlich exciton-phonon scattering in mono- layer mos2, Nature Communications 10 (2019). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08764-3 . doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08764-3

    work page doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08764-3 2019

  48. [48]

    Jiang, Q

    X. Jiang, Q. Zheng, Z. Lan, W . A. Saidi, X. Ren, J. Zhao, Real-time gw-bse investigations on spin- valley exciton dynamics in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide, Science Advances 7 (2021). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf3759. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf3759

    work page doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf3759 2021

  49. [49]

    Bergmann-Iwe, S

    A. Bergmann-Iwe, S. Deb, K. Zollner, V . Schneidt, M. Hemaid, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, R. Schwartz, J. Fabian, T. Korn, Effect of spin-dependent tunneling in a mose2/ cr2ge2te6 van der waals heterostructure on exciton and trion emission, Physical Review Applied 24 (2025). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/km88-dxsb. doi:10.1103/km88-dxsb

    work page doi:10.1103/km88-dxsb 2025

  50. [50]

    N. P . Wilson, K. Lee, J. Cenker, K. Xie, A. H. Dis- mukes, E. J. Telford, J. Fonseca, S. Sivakumar, C. Dean, T. Cao, X. Roy, X. Xu, X. Zhu, Interlayer electronic coupling on demand in a 2d magnetic semiconduc- tor, Nature Materials 20 (2021) 1657-1662. URL: 10 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01070-8 . doi:10.1038/s41563-021-01070-8

    work page doi:10.1038/s41563-021-01070-8 2021

  51. [51]

    Serati de Brito, P

    C. Serati de Brito, P . E. Faria Junior, T. S. Ghiasi, J. Ingla-A ynes, C. R. Rabahi, C. Cavalini, F. Dirn- berger, S. Manas-V alero, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, K. Zollner, J. Fabian, C. Schüller, H. S. J. van der Zant, Y . G. Gobato, Charge transfer and asymmet- ric coupling of mose2 valleys to the magnetic order of crsbr, Nano Letters 23 (2023) 11073-11...

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03431 2023

  52. [52]

    M. Onga, Y . Sugita, T. Ideue, Y . Nakagawa, R. Suzuki, Y . Motome, Y . Iwasa, Antiferromagnet- semiconductor van der waals heterostructures: Interlayer interplay of exciton with magnetic or- dering, Nano Letters 20 (2020) 4625-4630. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01493. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01493

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01493 2020

  53. [53]

    V . M. Bermudez, D. S. McClure, Spectroscopic studies of the two-dimensional magnetic insulators chromium trichloride and chromium tribromide, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 40 (1979) 129-147. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(79)90030-1. doi:10.1016/0022-3697(79)90030-1

    work page doi:10.1016/0022-3697(79)90030-1 1979

  54. [54]

    Dillon, H

    J. Dillon, H. Kamimura, J. Remeika, Magneto- optical properties of ferromagnetic chromium trihalides, Journal of Physics and Chem- istry of Solids 27 (1966) 1531-1549. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(66)90148-X. doi:10.1016/0022-3697(66)90148-x

    work page doi:10.1016/0022-3697(66)90148-x 1966

  55. [55]

    Terres, L

    S. Terres, L. Scalon, J. Brunner, D. Horneber, J. Düreth , S. Huang, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, A. F. Nogueira, S. Höfling, S. Klembt, Y . V aynzof, A. Chernikov, Exciton di ffusion in two-dimentional chiral per- ovskites, Advanced Optical Materials 13 (2025). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.202402606. doi:10.1002/adom.202402606

    work page doi:10.1002/adom.202402606 2025

  56. [56]

    F. T. Rabouw, M. Kamp, R. J. A. van Dijk-Moes, D. R. Gamelin, A. F. Koenderink, A. Meijerink, D. V anmaekelbergh, Delayed exciton emis- sion and its relation to blinking in cdse quantum dots, Nano Letters 15 (2015) 7718-7725. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03818. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03818

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03818 2015

  57. [57]

    A. A. Kurilovich, V . N. Mantsevich, K. J. Steven- son, A. V . Chechkin, V . V . Palyulin, Complex diffusion-based kinetics of photoluminescence in semiconductor nanoplatelets, Physical Chem- istry Chemical Physics 22 (2020) 24686-24696. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp03744c. doi:10.1039/d0cp03744c

    work page doi:10.1039/d0cp03744c 2020

  58. [58]

    A. A. Kurilovich, V . N. Mantsevich, Y . Mardoukhi, K. J. Stevenson, A. V . Chechkin, V . V . Palyulin, Non-markovian di ffusion of excitons in layered per- ovskites and transition metal dichalcogenides, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 24 (2022) 13941-13950. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2cp00557c. doi:10.1039/d2cp00557c

    work page doi:10.1039/d2cp00557c 2022

  59. [59]

    Steinho ff, E

    A. Steinho ff, E. Wietek, M. Florian, T. Schulz, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, S. Zhao, A. Högele, F. Jahnke, A. Chernikov, Exciton-exciton interactions in van der waals heterobilayers, Physical Review X 14 (2024). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.14.031025. doi:10.1103/physrevx.14.031025

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevx.14.031025 2024

  60. [60]

    Kumar, Q

    N. Kumar, Q. Cui, F. Ceballos, D. He, Y . Wang, H. Zhao, Exciton-exciton annihilation in mose 2 monolayers, Physical Review B 89 (2014). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.125427. doi:10.1103/physrevb.89.125427

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevb.89.125427 2014

  61. [61]

    H. Zhao, B. Dal Don, S. Moehl, H. Kalt, K. Ohkawa, D. Hommel, Spatiotemporal dynamics of quantum- well excitons, Physical Review B 67 (2003). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.67.035306. doi:10.1103/physrevb.67.035306

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevb.67.035306 2003

  62. [62]

    O. P . Adejumobi, V . N. Mantsevich, V . V . Pa- lyulin, Di ffusion of fast and slow excitons with an exchange in quasi-two-dimensional sys- tems, Physical Review E 110 (2024). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054139. doi:10.1103/physreve.110.054139

    work page doi:10.1103/physreve.110.054139 2024

  63. [63]

    N. S. Maslova, V . N. Mantsevich, P . I. Ar- seyev, Exciton transport in atomically flat het- erostructures: The appearance of negative dif- fusivity, Physical Review E 112 (2025). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/cbyp-h4kw. doi:10.1103/cbyp-h4kw

    work page doi:10.1103/cbyp-h4kw 2025

  64. [64]

    A. A. Kurilovich, V . N. Mantsevich, A. V . Chechkin, V . V . Palyulin, Negative di ffusion of excitons in quasi-two-dimensional systems, Physical Chem- istry Chemical Physics 26 (2024) 922-935. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3cp03521b. doi:10.1039/d3cp03521b

    work page doi:10.1039/d3cp03521b 2024

  65. [65]

    Korenev, I

    V . Korenev, I. Akimov, S. Zaitsev, V . Sapega, L. Langer, D. Y akovlev, Y . A. Danilov, M. Bayer, Dynamic spin polarization by orientation-dependent separation in a ferromagnet-semiconductor hy- brid, Nature Communications 3 (2012). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1957. doi:10.1038/ncomms1957

    work page doi:10.1038/ncomms1957 2012

  66. [66]

    Zipfel, K

    J. Zipfel, K. Wagner, M. A. Semina, J. D. Ziegler, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, M. M. Glazov, A. Chernikov, Electron recoil e ffect in electrically tunable Mose 2 monolayers, Physical Review B 105 (2022). URL: 11 http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.105.075311. doi:10.1103/physrevb.105.075311

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevb.105.075311 2022

  67. [67]

    V enanzi, M

    T. V enanzi, M. Cuccu, R. Perea-Causin, X. Sun, S. Brem, D. Erkensten, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, E. Malic, M. Helm, S. Winnerl, A. Chernikov, Ul- trafast switching of trions in 2d materials by terahertz photons, Nature Photonics 18 (2024) 1344-1349. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41566-024-01512-0 . doi:10.1038/s41566-024-01512-0

    work page doi:10.1038/s41566-024-01512-0 2024

  68. [68]

    Mourzidis, V

    K. Mourzidis, V . Jindal, M. Glazov, A. Balocchi, C. Robert, D. Lagarde, P . Renucci, L. Lombez, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, T. Amand, S. Francoeur, X. Marie, Exciton formation in two-dimensional semiconductors, Physical Review X 15 (2025). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/66rj-jbqw. doi:10.1103/66rj-jbqw

    work page doi:10.1103/66rj-jbqw 2025

  69. [69]

    Ceballos, Q

    F. Ceballos, Q. Cui, M. Z. Bellus, H. Zhao, Ex- citon formation in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, Nanoscale 8 (2016) 11681-11688. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6NR02516A. doi:10.1039/c6nr02516a

    work page doi:10.1039/c6nr02516a 2016

  70. [70]

    T. Cao, G. Wang, W . Han, H. Y e, C. Zhu, J. Shi, Q. Niu, P . Tan, E. Wang, B. Liu, J. Feng, V alley- selective circular dichroism of monolayer molybde- num disulphide, Nature Communications 3 (2012). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1882. doi:10.1038/ncomms1882

    work page doi:10.1038/ncomms1882 2012

  71. [71]

    Lagarde, L

    D. Lagarde, L. Bouet, X. Marie, C. R. Zhu, B. L. Liu, T. Amand, P . H. Tan, B. Urbaszek, Carrier and polarization dynamics in monolayer mos2, Physical Review Letters 112 (2014). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.047401. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.112.047401

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.112.047401 2014

  72. [72]

    Merkl, F

    P . Merkl, F. Mooshammer, P . Steinleitner, A. Girnghuber, K.-Q. Lin, P . Nagler, J. Holler, C. Schüller, J. M. Lupton, T. Korn, S. Ovesen, S. Brem, E. Malic, R. Huber, Ultrafast transition between exciton phases in van der waals het- erostructures, Nature Materials 18 (2019) 691-696. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0337-0 . doi:10.1038/s41563-0...

    work page doi:10.1038/s41563-019-0337-0 2019

  73. [73]

    S. Das, A. Prakash, R. Salazar, J. Appen- zeller, Toward low-power electronics: Tun- neling phenomena in transition metal dichalco- genides, ACS Nano 8 (2014) 1681-1689. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn406603h. doi:10.1021/nn406603h

    work page doi:10.1021/nn406603h 2014

  74. [74]

    Z. Zhao, L. Ma, M. Men, W . Li, X. Wang, All two-dimensional van der waals magnetic tunnel- ing junctions, Applied Physics Reviews 12 (2025). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0279573. doi:10.1063/5.0279573

    work page doi:10.1063/5.0279573 2025

  75. [75]

    C. R. Zhu, K. Zhang, M. Glazov, B. Urbaszek, T. Amand, Z. W . Ji, B. L. Liu, X. Marie, Exci- ton valley dynamics probed by kerr rotation in wse 2 monolayers, Physical Review B 90 (2014). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.161302. doi:10.1103/physrevb.90.161302

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevb.90.161302 2014

  76. [76]

    Wietek, M

    E. Wietek, M. Florian, J. Göser, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, A. Högele, M. M. Glazov, A. Stein- hoff, A. Chernikov, Nonlinear and negative e ffective diffusivity of interlayer excitons in moirefree heter- obilayers, Physical Review Letters 132 (2024). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.016202. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.132.016202

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.132.016202 2024

  77. [77]

    Bertoni, C

    R. Bertoni, C. Nicholson, L. Waldecker, H. Hübener, C. Monney, U. De Giovannini, M. Puppin, M. Hoesch, E. Springate, R. Chapman, C. Ca- cho, M. Wolf, A. Rubio, R. Ernstorfer, Gener- ation and evolution of spin-, valley-, and layer- polarized excited carriers in inversion-symmetric wse2, Physical Review Letters 117 (2016). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/Ph...

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.117.277201 2016

  78. [78]

    F. Liu, Q. Li, X.-Y . Zhu, Direct determina- tion of momentum-resolved electron transfer in the photoexcited van der waals heterobilayer ws2/ mos2, Physical Review B 101 (2020). URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.101.201405. doi:10.1103/physrevb.101.201405. 12

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevb.101.201405 2020