Radiative decays of the 1P, 1D, 2S, and 2P Λ_c and 1D, 2S, and 2P Xi_c charmed baryons
Pith reviewed 2026-05-15 04:47 UTC · model grok-4.3
The pith
Calculations of radiative decays provide branching ratios that confirm the quantum numbers of the Ξc(3055) charmed baryon.
A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.
Core claim
Using the constituent quark model, the authors calculate the radiative decay widths and branching ratios for transitions involving the 1P, 1D, 2S, and 2P states of the Lambda_c and Xi_c baryons in the flavor anti-triplet. The results indicate that the observed Ξc(3055) matches the expected ratios for a specific assignment, while the Ξc(3080) could be either the 1D state with J^P = 5/2+ or the 2S with J^P = 1/2+, and the branching ratios are provided to test these possibilities.
What carries the argument
Constituent quark model wave functions combined with electromagnetic transition operators applied to mixed rho-lambda configurations in singly charmed baryons.
If this is right
- Branching ratios confirm the assignment of Ξc(3055) as reported by LHCb.
- Branching ratios support one of two possible assignments for Ξc(3080): 1D with J^P=5/2+ or 2S with J^P=1/2+.
- New calculations cover D_rho-wave states, rho-lambda mixed configurations, and rho-mode radially excited states for the first time.
- Radiative decays serve as a tool to resolve ambiguities when multiple states have similar masses and widths.
Where Pith is reading between the lines
- Similar radiative calculations could be extended to other heavy baryon families to aid resonance identification.
- Experimental measurement of these branching ratios would provide a direct test independent of hadronic decay models.
- Discrepancies between predicted and measured ratios could signal the need for refinements in the quark model wave functions.
Load-bearing premise
The constituent quark model wave functions and electromagnetic operators accurately capture the radiative transitions for these P-, D-, and S-wave states including mixed configurations.
What would settle it
A measurement of the branching ratios for the decays of Ξc(3055) or Ξc(3080) that deviates significantly from the predicted values for the assigned states would falsify the assignments or the model.
Figures
read the original abstract
We analyze the radiative decays of the the 1$P$, 1$D$, 2$S$, and 2$P$ $\Lambda_c$ and 1$D$, 2$S$, and 2$P$ $\Xi_c$ charmed baryons, which belong to the flavor anti-triplet ($\bf {\bar 3}_{\rm F}$), using the constituent quark model. We compute electromagnetic transitions from ground and $P$-wave states to ground states, as well as from second-shell states to both ground and $P$-wave final states. Electromagnetic decay widths are especially valuable for identifying resonances when multiple states share the same mass and total decay width. We give branching ratios which can confirm the assignment of the $\Xi_c(3055)$ reported by LHCb. We also give branching ratios that can support the assignment of the $\Xi_c(3080)$, and discuss the possibilities for the $\Xi_c(3080)$ to be the 1$D$ state with $J^P=5/2^{+}$ or the 2$S$ with $J^P=1/2^{+}$. For the first time, this work provides calculations of electromagnetic decays for $D_\rho$-wave states, $\rho-\lambda$ mixed configurations, and $\rho$-mode radially excited states in singly charmed baryons of the flavor anti-triplet. Both experimental and model-dependent uncertainties are taken into account throughout our analysis.
Editorial analysis
A structured set of objections, weighed in public.
Referee Report
Summary. The manuscript computes electromagnetic decay widths and branching ratios for the 1P, 1D, 2S, and 2P states of Λ_c and the 1D, 2S, and 2P states of Ξ_c baryons in the flavor anti-triplet using the constituent quark model. It supplies numerical predictions for transitions from excited states to ground and P-wave final states, with the explicit goal of providing branching ratios that can confirm the LHCb assignment of Ξ_c(3055) and support possible J^P assignments (1D 5/2^+ or 2S 1/2^+) for Ξ_c(3080), including the first calculations for D_ρ-wave states and ρ-λ mixed configurations while propagating both experimental and model uncertainties.
Significance. If the results hold, the branching-ratio predictions would supply a practical experimental handle for resonance identification in singly charmed baryon spectroscopy, where mass and total width are often degenerate. The work's positive features include the explicit extension to previously uncalculated D_ρ-wave and mixed ρ-λ configurations together with a transparent treatment of uncertainties.
major comments (2)
- [Results and Discussion] Abstract and Results section: the claim that the computed branching ratios 'can confirm the assignment of the Ξ_c(3055)' is load-bearing for the paper's central utility; this claim depends on the relative electromagnetic matrix elements for the 1D states being accurate to within the quoted uncertainties, yet the manuscript provides no external benchmark (e.g., comparison to measured radiative decays in analogous systems) for the non-relativistic operators applied to ρ-λ mixed D-wave wave functions.
- [Model Description] Model and wave-function section: the treatment of ρ-λ mixing and the choice of oscillator parameters for the newly calculated D_ρ-wave states directly affects the predicted branching ratios to ground versus P-wave final states; without a sensitivity study or comparison to lattice or other model results for these configurations, the robustness of the Ξ_c(3080) assignment discussion remains open.
minor comments (2)
- [Numerical Results] Tables of branching ratios: ensure that the notation distinguishing ρ-mode and λ-mode contributions is defined once and used consistently so that readers can trace which partial widths enter each quoted ratio.
- [Introduction] Introduction: add explicit citations to the specific LHCb publications reporting the Ξ_c(3055) and Ξ_c(3080) mass and width measurements.
Simulated Author's Rebuttal
We thank the referee for the positive evaluation and the detailed major comments, which highlight important aspects of model validation and robustness. We address each point below with honest responses and indicate the revisions we will make to the manuscript.
read point-by-point responses
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Referee: [Results and Discussion] Abstract and Results section: the claim that the computed branching ratios 'can confirm the assignment of the Ξ_c(3055)' is load-bearing for the paper's central utility; this claim depends on the relative electromagnetic matrix elements for the 1D states being accurate to within the quoted uncertainties, yet the manuscript provides no external benchmark (e.g., comparison to measured radiative decays in analogous systems) for the non-relativistic operators applied to ρ-λ mixed D-wave wave functions.
Authors: We agree that the lack of direct external benchmarks for the ρ-λ mixed D-wave states is a limitation, as these are the first calculations of this type. The non-relativistic operators and constituent quark model framework have been validated in our earlier applications to P-wave radiative decays and analogous systems with available data. To address the concern, we will revise the abstract and results section to moderate the language from 'can confirm' to 'can help confirm' or 'provide supporting evidence for', and add a short paragraph discussing the model's track record on known transitions. This constitutes a partial revision that qualifies the claims without overstating the novelty. revision: partial
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Referee: [Model Description] Model and wave-function section: the treatment of ρ-λ mixing and the choice of oscillator parameters for the newly calculated D_ρ-wave states directly affects the predicted branching ratios to ground versus P-wave final states; without a sensitivity study or comparison to lattice or other model results for these configurations, the robustness of the Ξ_c(3080) assignment discussion remains open.
Authors: The oscillator parameters are chosen to reproduce the observed mass spectrum of the relevant Λ_c and Ξ_c states, consistent with standard practice in the constituent quark model for these baryons. The ρ-λ mixing is implemented via the usual basis transformation in the harmonic oscillator framework. We acknowledge that an explicit sensitivity study is absent; however, the model uncertainties quoted in the paper already reflect parameter variations. In revision we will expand the model section to state the specific parameter values, explain their determination from the mass fit, and note the stability of the branching ratios within the reported uncertainties. Direct lattice comparisons for these mixed excited configurations are not yet available in the literature, so we reference related lattice work on ground-state properties instead. revision: partial
Circularity Check
No circularity: branching ratios are direct numerical outputs from standard constituent quark model applied to new states
full rationale
The paper applies the constituent quark model to compute electromagnetic transition widths and branching ratios for the specified excited states of Lambda_c and Xi_c baryons, including first-time results for D_rho-wave and rho-lambda mixed configurations. The derivation consists of evaluating matrix elements of the EM operators between model wave functions for initial and final states, with no evidence that any claimed prediction reduces by construction to a fitted input, self-defined quantity, or load-bearing self-citation. The central results (branching ratios usable to confirm or support resonance assignments) are genuine model outputs rather than tautological renamings or forced statistical relations. No uniqueness theorems, ansatze smuggled via citation, or self-referential definitions appear in the provided derivation chain.
Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger
free parameters (1)
- quark masses and oscillator parameters
axioms (1)
- domain assumption Baryons are three-quark states with assigned orbital angular momentum, spin, and flavor configurations corresponding to 1P, 1D, 2S, 2P labels.
Reference graph
Works this paper leans on
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[1]
The spectroscopy of singly charmed baryons has been studied within different theoretical frameworks
observed four Ξ ′+ c states with high significance. The spectroscopy of singly charmed baryons has been studied within different theoretical frameworks. In par- ticular, QCD sum rules was employed in Ref. [29], boot- strap quark models in Ref. [30], and heavy-quark sym- metry corrections in Ref. [31]. Lattice QCD, chiral per- turbation theory, and relativ...
work page 1999
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[2]
Assignment of theΞ c(3055)+,0 baryon Following the recent determination of the spin-parity of the Ξc(3055)+,0 baryons by the LHCb Collaboration [3], we discuss the interpretation of this state based on the theory found in Ref. [98]. The Ξc(3055)+,0 is identified as aD λ-wave excitation with quantum numbersJ P = 3/2+ and spinS= 1/2, belonging to the flavor...
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[3]
Γ em[Ξc(3118)+ →Ξ + c γ] = 49+9 −8 keV, Γem[Ξc(3055)+ →Ξ + c γ] = 43+8 −8 keV,
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[4]
Γ em[Ξc(3118)+ →Ξ ′+ c γ] = 10+5 −4 keV, Γem[Ξc(3055)+ →Ξ ′+ c γ] = 5+2 −2 keV,
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[5]
Γ em[Ξc(3118)+ →Ξ ∗+ c γ] = 2.5+1.4 −1.0 keV, Γem[Ξc(3055)+ →Ξ ∗+ c γ] = 1.1+0.4 −0.4 keV,
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[6]
Γ em[Ξc(3118)+ →Ξ + c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 34+22 −21 keV, Γem[Ξc(3055)+ →Ξ + c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 34+21 −21 keV,
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[7]
Γ em[Ξc(3118)+ →Ξ + c 4Pλ,3/2 γ] = 7+4 −4 keV, Γem[Ξc(3055)+ →Ξ + c 4Pλ,3/2 γ] = 6+3 −3 keV,
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[8]
Γ em[Ξc(3118)+ →Ξ ′+ c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 2.0 +1.4 −0.9 keV, Γem[Ξc(3055)+ →Ξ ′+ c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 0.4 +0.1 −0.1 keV,
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[9]
Γ em[Ξc(3118)+ →Ξ ∗+ c 4Pλ,1/2 γ] = 2.5 +3.1 −1.7 keV, Γem[Ξc(3055)+ →Ξ ∗+ c 4Pλ,1/2 γ] = 0.5 +0.2 −0.2 keV,
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[10]
Γ em[Ξc(3118)+ →Ξ ′+ c 2Pλ,3/2 γ] = 1.5 +1.2 −0.8 keV, Γem[Ξc(3055)+ →Ξ ′+ c 2Pλ,3/2 γ] = 0.12 +0.03 −0.03 keV,
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[11]
Γ em[Ξc(3118)+ →Ξ ∗+ c 4Pλ,3/2 γ] = 0.3 +0.4 −0.2 keV, Γem[Ξc(3055)+ →Ξ ∗+ c 4Pλ,3/2 γ] = 0.02 +0.01 −0.01 keV. •Ξ c(3055)0
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[12]
Γ em[Ξc(3118)0 →Ξ 0 c γ] = 22+8 −8 keV, Γem[Ξc(3055)0 →Ξ 0 c γ] = 20+8 −8 keV,
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[13]
Γ em[Ξc(3118)0 →Ξ ′0 c γ] = 0.2+0.2 −0.1 keV, Γem[Ξc(3055)0 →Ξ ′0 c γ] = 0.1+0.1 −0.1 keV,
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[14]
Γ em[Ξc(3118)0 →Ξ ∗0 c γ] = 0.1+0.0 −0.0 keV , Γem[Ξc(3055)0 →Ξ ∗0 c γ] = 0.02+0.0 −0.0 keV ,
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[15]
Γ em[Ξc(3118)0 →Ξ 0 c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 543+31 −32 keV, Γem[Ξc(3055)0 →Ξ 0 c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 495+30 −30 keV,
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[16]
Γ em[Ξc(3118)0 →Ξ 0 c 2Pλ,3/2 γ] = 74+5 −5 keV, Γem[Ξc(3055)0 →Ξ 0 c 2Pλ,3/2 γ] = 65+5 −5 keV,
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[17]
With these decay widths we can get several branching ratios
Γ em[Ξc(3118)0 →Ξ ′0 c 4Pλ,1/2 γ] = 0.1 +0.1 −0.0 keV, Γem[Ξc(3055)0 →Ξ ′0 c 4Pλ,1/2 γ] = 0.01 +0.0 −0.0 keV. With these decay widths we can get several branching ratios. If we analyze, for example the following cases Γem[Ξc(3055)→Ξ + c γ] Γem[Ξc(3055)→Ξ ′+c γ] = 8.6+1.2 −1.2 ,(8) Γem[Ξc(3055)→Ξ + c γ] Γem[Ξc(3055)→Ξ ∗+c γ] = 39+5 −5 ,(9) Γem[Ξc(3055)→Ξ ′...
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[18]
In particular, the theoret- ical study of Ref
Assignment of theΞ c(3080)+,0 baryon The identification of the Ξ c(3055)+,0 baryons by the LHCb Collaboration as 1Dstates withJ P = 3/2 + [3] provides valuable insight into the interpretation of the nearby Ξ c(3080)+,0 states. In particular, the theoret- ical study of Ref. [98] predicts a mass splitting of ap- proximately 30 MeV between the 1DJ P = 3/2 + ...
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[19]
Γ em[Ξc(3163)+ →Ξ + c γ] = 61+8 −7 keV, Γem[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ + c γ] = 51+8 −8 keV, 11
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[20]
Γ em[Ξc(3163)+ →Ξ ′+ c γ] = 14+7 −6 keV, Γem[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ ′+ c γ] = 6+2 −2 keV,
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[21]
Γ em[Ξc(3163)+ →Ξ ∗+ c γ] = 4.0+2.0 −1.7 keV, Γem[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ ∗+ c γ] = 1.4+0.8 −1.0 keV,
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[22]
Γ em[Ξc(3163)+ →Ξ + c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 0.2 +0.1 −0.1 keV, Γem[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ + c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 0.05 +0.02 −0.02 keV,
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[23]
Γ em[Ξc(3163)+ →Ξ + c 2Pλ,3/2 γ] = 31+24 −22 keV, Γem[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ + c 2Pλ,3/2 γ] = 36+8 −8 keV,
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[24]
Γ em[Ξc(3163)+ →Ξ ′+ c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 8+4 −3 keV, Γem[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ ′+ c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 1.5 +1.0 −0.9 keV,
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[25]
Γ em[Ξc(3163)+ →Ξ ′+ c 4Pλ,1/2 γ] = 0.5 +0.5 −0.3 keV, Γem[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ ′+ c 4Pλ,1/2 γ] = 0.1 +0.1 −0.1 keV,
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[26]
Γ em[Ξc(3163)+ →Ξ ′+ c 2Pλ,3/2 γ] = 4.7 +2.9 −2.1 keV, Γem[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ ′+ c 2Pλ,3/2 γ] = 0.3 +0.1 −0.1 keV,
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[27]
Γ em[Ξc(3163)+ →Ξ ′+ c 4Pλ,3/2 γ] = 1.7 +1.2 −0.8 keV, Γem[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ ′+ c 4Pλ,3/2 γ] = 0.3 +0.1 −0.1 keV,
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[28]
Γ em[Ξc(3163)+ →Ξ ′+ c 4Pλ,5/2 γ] = 0.6 +0.6 −0.4 keV, Γem[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ ′+ c 4Pλ,5/2 γ] = 0.1 +0.1 −0.1 keV. •Ξ c(3080)0 asJ P = 5/2+
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[29]
Γ em[Ξc(3163)0 →Ξ 0 c γ] = 18+7 −8 keV, Γem[Ξc(3080)0 →Ξ 0 c γ] = 17+8 −8 keV,
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[30]
Γ em[Ξc(3163)0 →Ξ ′0 c γ] = 0.3+0.2 −0.2 keV, Γem[Ξc(3080)0 →Ξ ′0 c γ] = 0.13+0.1 −0.1 keV,
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[31]
Γ em[Ξc(3163)0 →Ξ ∗0 c γ] = 0.1+0.7 −0.7 keV , Γem[Ξc(3080)0 →Ξ ∗0 c γ] = 0.05+0.0 −0.0 keV ,
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[32]
Γ em[Ξc(3163)0 →Ξ 0 c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 2.3+0.7 −0.7 keV, Γem[Ξc(3080)0 →Ξ 0 c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 0.7+0.2 −0.2 keV,
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[33]
Γ em[Ξc(3163)0 →Ξ 0 c 2Pλ,3/2 γ] = 673+41 −42 keV, Γem[Ξc(3080)0 →Ξ 0 c 2Pλ,3/2 γ] = 586+35 −35 keV,
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[34]
Γ em[Ξc(3163)0 →Ξ ′0 c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 0.2 +0.1 −0.1 keV, Γem[Ξc(3080)0 →Ξ ′0 c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 0.03 +0.01 −0.01 keV. From our previous results, we observe that the theoreti- cal predictions for the electromagnetic decay widths are essentially independent of the mass once the uncertain- ties in the calculation, estimated through the bootstrap Monte Carlo method...
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[35]
Γ em[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ + c γ] = 0.2+0.1 −0.1 keV,
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[36]
Γ em[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ ′+ c γ] = 15+5 −5 keV,
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[37]
Γ em[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ ∗+ c γ] = 3.5+1 −1 keV,
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[38]
Γ em[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ + c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 10.7 +3 −3 keV,
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[39]
Γ em[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ + c 2Pλ,3/2 γ] = 36+4 −4 keV,
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[40]
Γ em[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ ′+ c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 6.6+2 −2 keV,
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[41]
Γ em[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ ′+ c 4Pλ,1/2 γ] = 0.02 +0.01 −0.01 keV,
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[42]
Γ em[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ ′+ c 2Pλ,3/2 γ] = 6+1 −1 keV,
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[43]
Γ em[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ ′+ c 4Pλ,3/2 γ] = 0.02 +0.01 −0.01 keV,
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[44]
Γ em[Ξc(3080)+ →Ξ ′+ c 4Pλ,5/2 γ] = 0.1 +0.1 −0.1 keV. •Ξ c(3080)0 asJ P = 1/2+
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[45]
Γ em[Ξc(3080)0 →Ξ 0 c γ] = 0.2+0.1 −0.1 keV,
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[46]
Γ em[Ξc(3080)0 →Ξ ′0 c γ] = 0.3+0.1 −0.1 keV,
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[47]
Γ em[Ξc(3080)0 →Ξ ∗0 c γ] = 0.07+0.02 −0.02 keV ,
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[48]
Γ em[Ξc(3080)0 →Ξ 0 c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 266+30 −30 keV,
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Γ em[Ξc(3080)0 →Ξ 0 c 2Pλ,3/2 γ] = 91+28 −28 keV, 12
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Γ em[Ξc(3080)0 →Ξ ′0 c 2Pλ,1/2 γ] = 0.13 +0.04 −0.04 keV. To help discriminate between these possible config- urations, it is useful to compare the corresponding branching-ratio predictions, which may provide guidance for future experimental studies: Γem[Ξc(3080)→Ξ + c γ] Γem[Ξc(3080)→Ξ ′+c γ] = 0.013+0.003 −0.003 ,(18) Γem[Ξc(3080)→Ξ + c γ] Γem[Ξc(3080)→...
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discussion (0)
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