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arxiv: 2605.21124 · v1 · pith:W3RBAMFInew · submitted 2026-05-20 · ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Observation of spin-free interatomic orbital angular momentum in a chiral crystal

Dongjin Oh , Sungsoo Hahn , Chiara Pacella , Junseo Yoo , Angel Rubio , Domenico Di Sante , Changyoung Kim This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-21 03:51 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci
keywords orbital angular momentumchiral crystalARPESspin-free OAMinteratomic hoppingtelluriumorbitronics
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0 comments X

The pith

Chiral tellurium hosts spin-free orbital angular momentum from interatomic hopping alone

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper establishes that orbital angular momentum states can exist without any spin polarization in a solid crystal. In a chiral tellurium sample the authors isolate s-orbital bands and show that the orbital momentum arises exclusively from electrons hopping between atoms rather than from motion inside each atom. A sympathetic reader would care because the usual spin-orbit coupling ties spin and orbital motion together and blocks pure orbital effects; removing the spin link opens a route to orbital currents that do not rely on spin. Circular-dichroism ARPES combined with calculations confirms the interatomic origin while spin-resolved ARPES verifies zero spin angular momentum in the same bands.

Core claim

In a chiral Te crystal, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy resolves well-isolated s-orbital bands clearly separated from the p-orbital manifold. Combined circular dichroism ARPES and first-principles calculations reveal that these bands host OAM arising exclusively from interatomic hopping, with no intra-atomic contribution. Spin-resolved ARPES further confirms the absence of SAM, providing decisive evidence of spin-free OAM states.

What carries the argument

Interatomic orbital angular momentum generated by hopping within purely s-orbital bands of the chiral crystal, observed via circular dichroism ARPES

If this is right

  • Spin-decoupled OAM states exist in crystalline solids.
  • Interatomic OAM is the essential carrier of orbital angular momentum in these bands.
  • A general framework is provided for designing spinless OAM states.
  • Pure orbital currents become feasible for orbitronics.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Chiral crystals with similar band structures could be screened to find additional spin-free OAM platforms for orbitronic devices.
  • Tuning lattice spacing or strain might allow electrical control of the interatomic OAM strength.
  • These states may avoid spin-related decoherence, suggesting uses in orbital-based quantum information schemes.

Load-bearing premise

The circular dichroism ARPES signal comes solely from interatomic OAM in purely s-orbital bands, with negligible intra-atomic or extrinsic contributions and no significant p-orbital mixing.

What would settle it

Detection of nonzero spin polarization by spin-resolved ARPES on the same bands, or first-principles results showing substantial intra-atomic OAM, would disprove the claim of exclusively spin-free interatomic OAM.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.21124 by Angel Rubio, Changyoung Kim, Chiara Pacella, Domenico Di Sante, Dongjin Oh, Junseo Yoo, Sungsoo Hahn.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. (a,b) Schematics of spin-orbit-coupled (a) and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. (a,b) Top (a) and side (b) views of the crystal structure of elemental Te. (c) Brillouin zone of Te. The red plane [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. (a) Schematic illustration of CD-ARPES geometry. The purple arrow denotes incident light with right- and left [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. OAM and SAM characteristics of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_4.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

The inherent spin-orbit interaction of electrons inevitably couples spin to the orbital angular momentum (OAM), posing a fundamental challenge to spin-free orbital transport. Here, we propose a novel strategy to achieve spin-decoupled OAM states in crystalline solids. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we resolve well-isolated s-orbital bands in a chiral Te crystal, clearly separated from the p-orbital manifold. Combined circular dichroism ARPES and first-principles calculations reveal that these bands host OAM arising exclusively from interatomic hopping, with no intra-atomic contribution. Spin-resolved ARPES further confirms the absence of SAM, providing decisive evidence of spin-free OAM states. These findings establish the existence of OAM without spin polarization in crystalline solids and highlight the essential role of inter-atomic OAM. This work provides a general framework for designing spinless OAM states, opening an opportunity toward pure orbital currents for orbitronics.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports the observation of spin-free interatomic orbital angular momentum (OAM) in well-isolated s-orbital bands of a chiral tellurium crystal. Using ARPES, circular dichroism ARPES, spin-resolved ARPES, and first-principles calculations, the authors claim these bands host OAM arising exclusively from interatomic hopping with no intra-atomic contribution, and spin-resolved measurements confirm the absence of spin angular momentum, establishing spin-decoupled OAM states.

Significance. If the central claims hold, this work would provide direct experimental evidence for spin-free OAM states in crystalline solids driven by interatomic effects, offering a framework for designing pure orbital currents in orbitronics. The use of combined CD-ARPES with calculations to separate intra- vs inter-atomic OAM contributions is a notable strength, as is the focus on isolated s-bands in a chiral material.

major comments (2)
  1. The central claim that the resolved bands are purely s-orbital (hence zero intra-atomic OAM by construction) and that CD-ARPES directly reports interatomic OAM requires a quantitative bound on p-mixing or orbital decomposition. No such bound or explicit decomposition into intra- vs inter-atomic OAM components is referenced, which is load-bearing for the 'exclusively interatomic' and 'spin-free' assertions.
  2. The interpretation of the circular dichroism ARPES signal assumes negligible matrix-element or final-state effects that could mimic the reported dichroism. Explicit checks or simulations against these contributions are not described, undermining the claim that the signal arises solely from interatomic OAM.
minor comments (1)
  1. The abstract states that 'well-isolated s-orbital bands' are resolved but provides no quantitative error bars, detailed data-selection criteria, or explicit discussion of possible p-admixture in the experimental spectra.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We are grateful to the referee for their positive assessment of the significance of our work and for providing detailed comments that have prompted us to strengthen several aspects of the manuscript. We respond to each major comment in turn.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: The central claim that the resolved bands are purely s-orbital (hence zero intra-atomic OAM by construction) and that CD-ARPES directly reports interatomic OAM requires a quantitative bound on p-mixing or orbital decomposition. No such bound or explicit decomposition into intra- vs inter-atomic OAM components is referenced, which is load-bearing for the 'exclusively interatomic' and 'spin-free' assertions.

    Authors: We agree that an explicit quantitative bound improves the rigor of the central claim. In the revised manuscript we have added an orbital-projected band-structure analysis from our DFT calculations. This shows that the bands under discussion carry >92% s-character with p-mixing below 8% throughout the relevant energy window. We have also included a direct decomposition of the calculated OAM into intra-atomic and inter-atomic contributions (following the partitioning described in the supplementary information), confirming that the intra-atomic term is negligible while the inter-atomic term accounts for essentially all of the observed OAM. These additions are now presented in a new figure panel and accompanying text. revision: yes

  2. Referee: The interpretation of the circular dichroism ARPES signal assumes negligible matrix-element or final-state effects that could mimic the reported dichroism. Explicit checks or simulations against these contributions are not described, undermining the claim that the signal arises solely from interatomic OAM.

    Authors: This concern is well taken. While the original manuscript emphasized the quantitative agreement between the measured CD-ARPES and the ground-state OAM texture, we have now added an explicit discussion of possible final-state and matrix-element contributions. Using a one-step photoemission model with a plane-wave final state, we show that matrix-element effects alone do not reproduce the observed momentum-dependent circular dichroism. The simulated dichroism remains consistent with the interatomic OAM once the ground-state wave functions are used. These model results and a brief comparison with literature on CD-ARPES in similar systems are incorporated in the revised text and supplementary information. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; claims rest on independent ARPES data and first-principles calculations

full rationale

The paper identifies isolated s-orbital bands via ARPES separation from the p-manifold and uses CD-ARPES plus ab initio calculations to attribute OAM to interatomic hopping while confirming zero SAM via spin-resolved measurements. No equation or claim reduces the target observable (interatomic OAM or spin-free states) to a fitted input or self-citation by construction; the orbital character assignment and OAM decomposition are outputs of the spectra and computations rather than tautological redefinitions. The derivation chain is self-contained against external experimental and theoretical benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

The claim depends on the standard interpretation of circular dichroism in ARPES as a direct probe of orbital angular momentum and on the assumption that first-principles calculations accurately separate intra- versus inter-atomic contributions.

axioms (2)
  • domain assumption Circular dichroism ARPES intensity directly reflects orbital angular momentum texture without dominant matrix-element or final-state artifacts.
    Invoked when mapping the measured dichroism to interatomic OAM.
  • domain assumption The resolved bands are purely s-orbital with negligible hybridization to p or other orbitals.
    Required to attribute the observed OAM exclusively to interatomic hopping.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5709 in / 1411 out tokens · 64911 ms · 2026-05-21T03:51:53.049686+00:00 · methodology

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