Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-30T22:38:20.624792Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests
As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 33 of 33 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2605.23959.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-11T21:34:44.701020Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: pith, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z
Reference resolution
33 of 33 outbound references displayed
- verified exact18
- verified fuzzy8
- unresolved0
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier5
- metadata mismatch2
External citation measurements
0
pith, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z
Outbound references
Observation 7bebbeaa-1288-4758-afda-5d199bba9ed9 · outbound
This paper cites Bagnara, Asset pricing and machine learning: A critical review, Journal of Economic Surveys 38 (2024) 27–56.doi:10.1111/joes.12532.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Bagnara, Asset pricing and machine learning: A critical review, Journal of Economic Surveys 38 (2024) 27–56.doi:10.1111/joes.12532
Reference 1
- Resolution
- verified exact
- doi, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.747374Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation d9fdfc25-292b-4f61-9ded-2ee07193e6a3 · outbound
This paper cites author Borwein, J.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests author Borwein, J
Reference 2
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- doi, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.745356Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 9c4206b5-5fd8-44d3-8d31-4f5ae01f3cf2 · outbound
This paper cites author Borwein, J.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests author Borwein, J
Reference 3
- Resolution
- verified exact
- doi, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.749354Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 296afa7c-6c39-42e3-916b-d6ac7b1a1674 · outbound
This paper cites The pitfalls of memorization: When memorization hurts generalization.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests The pitfalls of memorization: When memorization hurts generalization
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T13:23:47.644271Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation d95739a6-06e6-499b-be62-bb55008f0732 · outbound
This paper cites Look-Ahead-Bench: A standardized benchmark of look-ahead bias in point-in-time LLMs for finance,.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Look-Ahead-Bench: A standardized benchmark of look-ahead bias in point-in-time LLMs for finance,
Reference 5
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.726826Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation afab0764-fb46-4a40-8fdd-c71aaa8ef797 · outbound
This paper cites The illusion of alpha: Quantifying hidden data leakage in financial machine learning.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests The illusion of alpha: Quantifying hidden data leakage in financial machine learning
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified exact
- doi, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.740089Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 675f9de2-88a6-4e0c-846e-5a0c2e2b41fa · outbound
This paper cites Implications of data leakage in machine learning preprocessing: a multi-domain investigation.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Implications of data leakage in machine learning preprocessing: a multi-domain investigation
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified exact
- doi, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.730923Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 7b1c36cd-a269-458f-bf3e-ba6c760c50e3 · outbound
This paper cites Look-ahead benchmark bias in portfolio performance evaluation.Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper, (08-33), 2008.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Look-ahead benchmark bias in portfolio performance evaluation.Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper, (08-33), 2008
Reference 8
- Resolution
- verified exact
- doi, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.724121Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 0b22f78a-10a2-4887-944c-3c0fb2284b7c · outbound
This paper cites John Wiley & Sons, 2018.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests John Wiley & Sons, 2018
Reference 9
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T13:23:47.646225Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation a797a148-6c71-4ea2-a46d-33171147a83a · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Unresolved cited work
Reference 10
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.722216Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 40ddaee3-7093-4382-b2e0-b29884d40ef6 · outbound
This paper cites A test of lookahead bias in llm forecasts.arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.23847, 2025.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests A test of lookahead bias in llm forecasts.arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.23847, 2025
Reference 11
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.738026Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation b3e6420d-477e-470e-84d0-f19f7016c083 · outbound
This paper cites Assessing look-ahead bias in stock return predictions generated by gpt sentiment analysis.Journal of Financial Data Science, 6(1), 2024.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Assessing look-ahead bias in stock return predictions generated by gpt sentiment analysis.Journal of Financial Data Science, 6(1), 2024
Reference 12
- Resolution
- verified exact
- doi, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.719432Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 288733fd-4d17-4256-bb9e-6b81a445ee42 · outbound
This paper cites Markus K.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Markus K
Reference 13
- Resolution
- malformed identifier
- doi_truncated, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.712504Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation afef7851-488d-4eb1-b9f2-4ea2d5215fa6 · outbound
This paper cites Data splitting to avoid information leakage with datasail.Nature Communications, 16(1):3337, 2025.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Data splitting to avoid information leakage with datasail.Nature Communications, 16(1):3337, 2025
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T13:23:47.648141Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 5b2fcae1-e82e-414d-88bd-1059fcb65ddc · outbound
This paper cites M¨ uller, L´ aszl´ o N´ emeth, Luis Oala, Lennart Purucker, Sahithya Ravi, 10 Jan N.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests M¨ uller, L´ aszl´ o N´ emeth, Luis Oala, Lennart Purucker, Sahithya Ravi, 10 Jan N
Reference 15
- Resolution
- malformed identifier
- doi_truncated, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.714652Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation eda541c4-6534-4ebd-9447-1cd02c4482e2 · outbound
This paper cites Future is unevenly distributed: Forecasting ability of LLMs depends on what we’re asking.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Future is unevenly distributed: Forecasting ability of LLMs depends on what we’re asking
Reference 16
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T13:23:47.652297Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 11606b0d-1982-41e2-869d-976d7acb8c83 · outbound
This paper cites Leak- age in data mining: Formulation, detection, and avoidance.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Leak- age in data mining: Formulation, detection, and avoidance
Reference 17
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.717409Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 4c5f00ef-8010-4458-a01c-3353829bbd65 · outbound
This paper cites A performance comparison of machine learning models for stock market prediction with novel investment strategy.Plos One, 18(9): e0286362, 2023.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests A performance comparison of machine learning models for stock market prediction with novel investment strategy.Plos One, 18(9): e0286362, 2023
Reference 18
- Resolution
- verified exact
- doi, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.697446Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 218d1477-a4dc-4f10-aad9-4922eb510d13 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Unresolved cited work
Reference 19
- Resolution
- malformed identifier
- doi_truncated, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.704793Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation a9839b5c-422d-4fab-b6dc-357f28f36bb7 · outbound
This paper cites Time travel is cheating: Going live with deepfund for real-time fund investment benchmarking.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Time travel is cheating: Going live with deepfund for real-time fund investment benchmarking
Reference 20
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T13:23:47.654100Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation e8146888-5d74-4c10-8dd0-7cda2dc289b4 · outbound
This paper cites Profit mirage: Revisiting information leakage in LLM-based financial agents.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Profit mirage: Revisiting information leakage in LLM-based financial agents
Reference 21
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.702829Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 5add2e51-2369-4b16-b05f-2de2459cc30f · outbound
This paper cites Leakage-safe benchmark design for market-stress early warning: An economically credible evaluation.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Leakage-safe benchmark design for market-stress early warning: An economically credible evaluation
Reference 22
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.707709Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 8f158d2f-a5ee-46a9-89d9-f70ebe61d424 · outbound
This paper cites The statistics of Sharpe ratios.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests The statistics of Sharpe ratios
Reference 23
- Resolution
- verified exact
- doi, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.728740Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 5787d50b-fdee-4bdb-abae-cf73eac04f1b · outbound
This paper cites Lopez-Lira, Y.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Lopez-Lira, Y
Reference 24
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.695456Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 0405f632-5a4d-4369-9e12-7faea2a921ae · outbound
This paper cites Impact of leakage on data harmonization in machine learning pipelines in class imbalance across sites.Neurocomputing, page 133146, 2026.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Impact of leakage on data harmonization in machine learning pipelines in class imbalance across sites.Neurocomputing, page 133146, 2026
Reference 25
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.700193Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 7d0f5543-9b2f-415f-8b50-5640df0cabd0 · outbound
This paper cites Spurious Predictability in Financial Machine Learning.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Spurious Predictability in Financial Machine Learning
Reference 26
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.710219Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation b8cf2e09-fe9e-4aaf-932b-aedc9d686805 · outbound
This paper cites Data leakage inflates prediction performance in connectome-based machine learning mod- els.Nature communications, 15(1):1829, 2024.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Data leakage inflates prediction performance in connectome-based machine learning mod- els.Nature communications, 15(1):1829, 2024
Reference 27
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T13:23:47.640501Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 40f1e17e-aa66-48e3-8b14-24d6ce60fa30 · outbound
This paper cites Multilingual Knowledge Graph Completion with Self-Supervised Adaptive Graph Alignment.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Multilingual Knowledge Graph Completion with Self-Supervised Adaptive Graph Alignment
Reference 28
- Resolution
- malformed identifier
- doi_truncated, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.732723Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 3b0940fb-d0f8-40f8-a3a2-2ccf4c0bfbc7 · outbound
This paper cites Lookahead bias in pretrained language models.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Lookahead bias in pretrained language models
Reference 29
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T13:23:47.650442Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation cca89f22-a744-4a3f-ba23-d0afbafa2555 · outbound
This paper cites On Leakage in Machine Learning Pipelines.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests On Leakage in Machine Learning Pipelines
Reference 30
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.743179Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 37e2ee1f-4bb4-4b51-9554-0a44b4a736a9 · outbound
This paper cites Overview of leakage scenarios in supervised machine learning.Journal of Big Data, 12 (1):135, 2025.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Overview of leakage scenarios in supervised machine learning.Journal of Big Data, 12 (1):135, 2025
Reference 31
- Resolution
- verified exact
- doi, observed 2026-06-30T22:45:06.734792Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 603d0cf5-944c-44b7-945b-274fac9bb68a · outbound
This paper cites The sharpe ratio.Streetwise–the Best of the Journal of Portfolio Management, 3(3):169–85, 1998.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests The sharpe ratio.Streetwise–the Best of the Journal of Portfolio Management, 3(3):169–85, 1998
Reference 32
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-07T13:23:47.642440Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 37474f9a-ecee-45b3-8d5e-3ccac62426f8 · outbound
This paper cites Qlib: An AI-oriented Quantitative Investment Platform.
When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests Qlib: An AI-oriented Quantitative Investment Platform
Reference 33
- Resolution
- malformed identifier
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T13:55:45.354423Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Pith citing papers
Observation aaceba01-1b2a-4dbe-9fd9-ed29dde73d37 · inbound
Parametric Memory Decoding for Zero-Shot Routing in LoRA-Based External Parametric Memory cites this paper.
Parametric Memory Decoding for Zero-Shot Routing in LoRA-Based External Parametric Memory When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests
Reference 64
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-07-11T21:34:44.701020Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9537a1ea-bf5b-4ad7-b06c-2700d8e235df · inbound
Look-Ahead-Freedom as Temporal Non-Interference: A Verifiable Correctness Property for Backtesting and Agentic Trading Pipelines cites this paper.
Look-Ahead-Freedom as Temporal Non-Interference: A Verifiable Correctness Property for Backtesting and Agentic Trading Pipelines When Alpha Disappears: A One-Switch Benchmark for Decision-Time Leakage in Financial Backtests
Reference 35
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-11T10:57:58.089320Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.