pith. sign in

arxiv: 2606.06553 · v1 · pith:LMBPFQUJnew · submitted 2026-06-04 · ⚛️ physics.ins-det · hep-ex· hep-ph· hep-th· nucl-ex· nucl-th

Hyperon-Nucleon Spectrometer

Xiaozhi Bai , Xu Cao , Zhe Cao , Jinhui Chen , Kai Chen , Qibo Chen , Shi Chen , Xin Chen
show 232 more authors
Yuquan Chen Zhenyu Chen Jianping Dai Heng-Tong Ding Dongshuo Du Shuxian Du Limin Duan Zhe Duan Anhui Feng Jie Feng Yicheng Feng Jinlin Fu Xiaofeng Fu Chaosong Gao Liang Ge Wenwen Ge Lisheng Geng Boxing Gou An Gu Yinghui Guan Yutian Guan Aiqiang Guo Fengkun Guo Lu Guo Hao Han Weijia Han Yunxiang Hao Wanbing He Xionghong He Zhixuan He Defu Hou Tingting Hou Jinniu Hu Shouyang Hu Zhen Hu Fei Huang Kaixuan Huang Linqin Huang Mei Huang Xuguang Huang Yuanjing Ji Xincai Kang Jie Kong Cheng Li Demin Li Haibo Li Jibo Li Lixuan Li Min Li Peilian Li Peiyu Li Ronghua Li Suxian Li Weilong Li Wuyuan Li Xin Li Xiaomei Li Xiaqing Li Yang Li Yangu Li Yutie Liang Zheng Liang Zuotang Liang Chuangxin Lin Dexu Lin Shoulong Lin Ting Lin Bo Liu Bo-Chao Liu Feng Liu Hang Liu Hongna Liu Hui Liu Kai Liu Liuming Liu Qian Liu Tianbo Liu Tong Liu Xiang Liu Yanwen Liu Pengzhong Lu Weijian Lu Xiaofeng Luo Xiao-Rui Lyu Bo-Qiang Ma Jianping Ma Kuo Ma Weihu Ma Yugang Ma Lijun Mao Ruishi Mao Yu Meng Norihito Muramatsu Maowu Nie Xiaoyang Niu Hua Pei Ronggang Ping Shi Pu Tianlei Pu Cheng Qian Wenbin Qian Yi Qian Guangyou Qin Jiajun Qin Cong-Feng Qiao Zan Ren Dingyu Shao Qianshun She Diyu Shen Guodong Shen Wenhan Shen Xiaomin Shen Lina Sheng Shusu Shi Jinxing Song Qintao Song Yuan Song Zihe Su Baohua Sun Hao Sun Kai-Jia Sun Liangting Sun Peng Sun Pengfei Sun Xiangming Sun Xu Sun Yelei Sun Zhipeng Sun Zhiyu Sun Shuwen Tang Zebo Tang Jing Tian Ye Tian Yu Tian Yapeng Wan Boqun Wang Changxin Wang En Wang Enke Wang Haozhen Wang Hulin Wang Jiansong Wang Ling Wang Qun Wang Tianao Wang Xiangang Wang Xiang-Peng Wang Xiaoyu Wang Xinyu Wang Xiongfei Wang Xiuhua Wang Yaping Wang Shuyi Wei Xianglun Wei Xiangjie Wen Fengjun Wu Jia-jun Wu Xin Wu Bowen Xiao Le Xiao Zhigang Xiao Guannan Xie Yaping Xie Hongxi Xing Weizhi Xiong Ji Xu Lailin Xu Nu Xu Qinghua Xu Xiaowei Xu Junwei Yan Wenbiao Yan Wencheng Yan Xiaoyu Yan Bo Yang Chi Yang Haibo Yang Herun Yang Jiancheng Yang Qian Yang Shuai Yang Tongjun Yang Yadong Yang Yuansheng Yang Yuna Yang Zaochen Ye Zhihong Ye Li Yi Hang Yin Junhao Yin Yi Yin Kejie You Zhengyun You Chunxu Yu Yuhong Yu Zhaoyang Yuan Wangmei Zha Honglin Zhang Jianyu Zhang Jin Zhang Jinlong Zhang Jinqun Zhang Shisheng Zhang Weibin Zhang Xiang Zhang Xueheng Zhang Yapeng Zhang Yateng Zhang Yifei Zhang Yumei Zhang Yuqiao Zhang Zhe Zhang He Zhao Hongyun Zhao Lei Zhao Yuxiang Zhao Zhengguo Zhao Yajun Zheng Yangheng Zheng Zhiyang Zheng Daicui Zhou Jian Zhou Jiangpeng Zhou Jing Zhou Kai Zhou Xianrong Zhou Xiaorong Zhou Yiyu Zhou Sitao Zhu Xiao Zhuang Xinyu Zong Bingsong Zou
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-27 23:11 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ⚛️ physics.ins-det hep-exhep-phhep-thnucl-exnucl-th
keywords hyperon polarizationLambda polarization puzzlechiral symmetry breakingfixed target collisionsHIAFbaryon spin observablesnuclear matter effects
0
0 comments X

The pith

The Hyperon-Nucleon Spectrometer at HIAF will measure hyperon polarizations across collision energies and systems to investigate the unexplained Lambda polarization.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This whitepaper proposes the Hyperon-Nucleon Spectrometer experiment at the High-Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility. The experiment targets the unexplained large transverse polarization of Lambda hyperons produced in unpolarized hadronic collisions. By performing measurements in proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions across a broad energy range, it seeks to uncover the mechanisms tied to chiral symmetry breaking in QCD. The setup includes detectors for precise polarization reconstruction and will also examine spin observables and nuclear matter effects. Results are expected to inform the design of future electron-ion collider experiments.

Core claim

The H-NS experiment will perform systematic studies of hyperon polarization phenomena and their underlying mechanisms in proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions in the fixed target mode, with a wide-range beam energy scan including proton beams from 3 GeV up to 32 GeV.

What carries the argument

Specialized detectors in the Hyperon-Nucleon Spectrometer for high-precision reconstruction of final-state baryon polarizations.

If this is right

  • A map of polarization versus collision energy from 3 to 32 GeV will test models of hyperon production.
  • Simultaneous hyperon and proton spin measurements will constrain the spin structure of baryons.
  • Data from pA and AA collisions will separate cold nuclear matter effects from hot medium effects on polarization.
  • The measurements will provide input for planning the future Electron-ion Collider in China.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Strong energy dependence in the data could point to production mechanisms tied to chiral dynamics rather than final-state interactions.
  • Systematic comparison across pp, pA, and AA systems may isolate whether the polarization originates in the initial state or the nuclear environment.
  • The energy scan range could reveal thresholds where polarization behavior changes, guiding theoretical refinements.

Load-bearing premise

The specialized detectors will be capable of high-precision reconstruction of final-state baryon polarizations at the beam energies provided by HIAF.

What would settle it

If the reconstructed polarizations show no significant transverse component or no variation with beam energy across the scanned range, the experiment would fail to address the Lambda polarization puzzle as intended.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.06553 by Aiqiang Guo, An Gu, Anhui Feng, Baohua Sun, BingSong Zou, Bo-Chao Liu, Bo Liu, Bo-Qiang Ma, Boqun Wang, Bowen Xiao, Boxing Gou, Bo Yang, Changxin Wang, Chaosong Gao, Cheng Li, Cheng Qian, Chi Yang, Chuangxin Lin, Chunxu Yu, Cong-Feng Qiao, Daicui Zhou, Defu Hou, Demin Li, Dexu Lin, Dingyu Shao, Diyu Shen, Dongshuo Du, Enke Wang, En Wang, Fei Huang, Fengjun Wu, Fengkun Guo, Feng Liu, Guangyou Qin, Guannan Xie, Guodong Shen, Haibo Li, Haibo Yang, Hang Liu, Hang Yin, Hao Han, Hao Sun, Haozhen Wang, Heng-Tong Ding, Herun Yang, He Zhao, Honglin Zhang, Hongna Liu, Hongxi Xing, Hongyun Zhao, Hua Pei, Hui Liu, Hulin Wang, Jiajun Qin, Jia-Jun Wu, Jiancheng Yang, Jiangpeng Zhou, Jianping Dai, Jianping Ma, Jiansong Wang, Jianyu Zhang, Jian Zhou, Jibo Li, Jie Feng, Jie Kong, Jing Tian, Jing Zhou, Jinhui Chen, Jinlin Fu, Jinlong Zhang, Jinniu Hu, Jinqun Zhang, Jinxing Song, Jin Zhang, Ji Xu, Junhao Yin, Junwei Yan, Kai Chen, Kai-Jia Sun, Kai Liu, Kaixuan Huang, Kai Zhou, Kejie You, Kuo Ma, Lailin Xu, Lei Zhao, Le Xiao, Liang Ge, Liangting Sun, Lijun Mao, Limin Duan, Lina Sheng, Ling Wang, Linqin Huang, Lisheng Geng, Liuming Liu, Lixuan Li, Li Yi, Lu Guo, Maowu Nie, Mei Huang, Min Li, Norihito Muramatsu, Nu Xu, Peilian Li, Peiyu Li, Pengfei Sun, Peng Sun, Pengzhong Lu, Qian Liu, Qianshun She, Qian Yang, Qibo Chen, Qinghua Xu, Qintao Song, Qun Wang, RongGang Ping, Ronghua Li, Ruishi Mao, Shi Chen, Shi Pu, Shisheng Zhang, Shoulong Lin, Shouyang Hu, Shuai Yang, Shusu Shi, Shuwen Tang, Shuxian Du, Shuyi Wei, Sitao Zhu, Suxian Li, Tianao Wang, Tianbo Liu, Tianlei Pu, Ting Lin, Tingting Hou, Tongjun Yang, Tong Liu, Wanbing He, Wangmei Zha, Weibin Zhang, Weihu Ma, Weijia Han, Weijian Lu, Weilong Li, Weizhi Xiong, Wenbiao Yan, Wenbin Qian, Wencheng Yan, Wenhan Shen, Wenwen Ge, Wuyuan Li, Xiangang Wang, Xiangjie Wen, Xiang Liu, Xianglun Wei, Xiangming Sun, Xiang-Peng Wang, Xiang Zhang, Xianrong Zhou, Xiaofeng Fu, Xiaofeng Luo, Xiaomei Li, Xiaomin Shen, Xiaorong Zhou, Xiao-Rui Lyu, Xiaowei Xu, Xiaoyang Niu, Xiaoyu Wang, Xiaoyu Yan, Xiaozhi Bai, Xiao Zhuang, Xiaqing Li, Xincai Kang, Xin Chen, Xin Li, Xin Wu, Xinyu Wang, Xinyu Zong, Xiongfei Wang, Xionghong He, Xiuhua Wang, Xu Cao, Xueheng Zhang, Xuguang Huang, Xu Sun, Yadong Yang, Yajun Zheng, Yangheng Zheng, Yang Li, Yangu Li, Yanwen Liu, Yapeng Wan, Yapeng Zhang, Yaping Wang, Yaping Xie, Yateng Zhang, Yelei Sun, Ye Tian, Yicheng Feng, Yifei Zhang, Yinghui Guan, Yi Qian, Yi Yin, Yiyu Zhou, Yuanjing Ji, Yuansheng Yang, Yuan Song, Yugang Ma, Yuhong Yu, Yumei Zhang, Yu Meng, Yuna Yang, Yunxiang Hao, Yuqiao Zhang, Yuquan Chen, Yu Tian, Yutian Guan, Yutie Liang, Yuxiang Zhao, Zan Ren, Zaochen Ye, Zebo Tang, Zhaoyang Yuan, Zhe Cao, Zhe Duan, Zhengguo Zhao, Zheng Liang, Zhengyun You, Zhen Hu, Zhenyu Chen, Zhe Zhang, Zhigang Xiao, Zhihong Ye, Zhipeng Sun, Zhixuan He, Zhiyang Zheng, Zhiyu Sun, Zihe Su, Zuotang Liang.

Figure 1.1
Figure 1.1. Figure 1.1: The first observable of the “self-polarizing” phenomenon of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_1_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 1.2
Figure 1.2. Figure 1.2: Λ polarization in the p(p/A) → ΛX process. (a) Λ polarization as a function of xF, with data taken from Refs. [18–23]; (b) Λ polarization as a function of pT, with data from Refs. [19, 22, 24–26]. Overall, the Λ polarization shows a rising trend with increasing xF and pT. Interestingly, the magnitude of Λ global polarization is found to increase as the collision energy de￾creases [37–43]. Beyond hadron–h… view at source ↗
Figure 1.3
Figure 1.3. Figure 1.3: Cross sections for exclusive and inclusive [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_1_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 1.4
Figure 1.4. Figure 1.4: Phase space coverage in the center-of-mass-energy frame at HIAF for three beam energy [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_1_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 1.5
Figure 1.5. Figure 1.5: Λ polarization in the pp → pK+Λ process. (a) Λ polarization as a function of xF, with data taken from Refs. [86, 87]; (b) Λ polarization as a function of pT, with data taken from Refs. [86, 87, 113]. A reversal in the sign of polarization is observed with varying center-of-mass energy in (a), even across energy differences of just a few hundred MeV. In (b), the polarization not only varies with center-of… view at source ↗
Figure 1.6
Figure 1.6. Figure 1.6: (a) The pΛ invariant mass distribution mpΛ in the pp → pKΛ reaction after dividing by the Monte Carlo phase-space simulation [114]. (b) The Λ polarization as a function of mpΛ at √ s = 2.67 GeV (red triangles down) and 2.75 GeV (blue triangles up) [87]. The NΣ threshold is marked with the vertical black line. self-analyzing polarization properties of hyperon decays or a polarized target may be used to se… view at source ↗
Figure 1.7
Figure 1.7. Figure 1.7: Polarization of Λ as function of √ s at fixed pT and xF in pp → ΛX process [146]. 1.4 Emergence of baryon spin from QCD dynamics A primary motivation for the study of hyperon polarization is its unique sensitivity to the non-perturbative spin dynamics of QCD hadronization. The field emerged from the seminal 1976 observation that Λ hyperons produced in unpolarized p + Be collisions exhibited significant t… view at source ↗
Figure 1.8
Figure 1.8. Figure 1.8: Comparison of production cross sections for [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p017_1_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 1.9
Figure 1.9. Figure 1.9: Global polarization of Λ hyperon and Λ hyperon in non-central heavy-ion collisions at different center-of-mass energies [207]. which is different for different hyperons even in one event, while in nucleus-nucleus collisions the so￾called global polarization is with respect to the reaction plane formed by the beam direction and the impact parameter which is the same for all particles in one event. The glo… view at source ↗
Figure 2.1
Figure 2.1. Figure 2.1: Concept of H-NS detector. The magnetic field in the flux return yoke is 1.28 T for the central magnetic field of 1.5 T. The coil is internally wound in an aluminum alloy cylinder to support the magnetic hoop stresses. The technology of internal winding of aluminum stabilized conductor has been chosen and successfully tested for many spectrometer solenoids from CELLO in the early 80s to ATLAS and CMS at L… view at source ↗
Figure 2.2
Figure 2.2. Figure 2.2: Calculated magnetic field distribution within and surrounding the solenoid. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p025_2_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2.3
Figure 2.3. Figure 2.3: Supporting frame of the heavy-ion targets (a) and the liquid hydrogen target (b). [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p025_2_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2.4
Figure 2.4. Figure 2.4: Schematics cross-section of a MAPS pixel in the 130 nm imaging CMOS with the deep [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p027_2_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2.5
Figure 2.5. Figure 2.5: Conceptual design of MAPS-based tracking detector for the H-NS. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p028_2_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2.6
Figure 2.6. Figure 2.6: Schematics cross-section of LGAD and AC-LGAD structures (size and position). [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p029_2_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2.7
Figure 2.7. Figure 2.7: Illustration of the TOF concept. The AC-LGAD is clearly an attractive option for the H-NS TOF. The TOF concept is illustrated in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p030_2_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2.8
Figure 2.8. Figure 2.8: Principle of proton polarimeter. unpolarized target, the differential cross section is expressed as [271, 272]: dσ dϕdcos θ = 1 2π dσ0 dcos θ h 1 + PyAN(θ) cos ϕ i (2.1) Here, σ0 represents the unpolarized cross section, θ and ϕ denote the polar and azimuthal angle of the scattered proton in the center-of-mass frame of the scattering [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p031_2_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2.9
Figure 2.9. Figure 2.9: The design of the lead-tungstate ECAL for [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p032_2_9.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2.10
Figure 2.10. Figure 2.10: The schematic configuration of the SPACAL design. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p033_2_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2.11
Figure 2.11. Figure 2.11: Block diagram of the readout electronics system. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p034_2_11.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2.12
Figure 2.12. Figure 2.12: Architectural framework for the H-NS detector control system. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p036_2_12.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2.13
Figure 2.13. Figure 2.13: Layout of HIAF complex. Ion species Kinetic Energy (GeV/u) Beam intensity (ppp) p 9.3 6.0 × 1012 16O 8+ 4.25 6.0 × 1011 18O 6+ 2.6 6.0 × 1011 78Kr19+ 1.7 3.0 × 1011 209Bi31+ 0.85 1.2 × 1011 238U 35+ 0.835 1.0 × 1011 238U 78+ 2.6 1.0 × 1010 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p037_2_13.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.1. Figure 3.1: The profile of H-NS detector [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p039_3_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3.2
Figure 3.2. Figure 3.2: Detection efficiency as functions of geometrical parameters. Left: Efficiencies from beam energy of 3.5 GeV. Right: Efficiencies from beam energy of 9.3 GeV. As demonstrated in the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p040_3_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3.3
Figure 3.3. Figure 3.3: Λ mass resolution as functions of geometrical parameters. Left: resolutions from beam energy of 3.5 GeV. Right: resolutions from beam energy of 9.3 GeV [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p040_3_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3.4
Figure 3.4. Figure 3.4: Momentum resolution for different particles in the 1.5 T magnetic field. Left: d p/p as a function of momentum in the 0 < η < 0.5 range. Right: d p/p as a function of pseudorapidity in the p = 1 GeV/c range. 3.3.2 The vertex and angular resolution The tracking system is designed not only to measure the momentum of the charged particles but also to determine the primary vertex for an event as well as the … view at source ↗
Figure 3.5
Figure 3.5. Figure 3.5: Vertex resolution for different particles. Left: DCAz as a function of momentum in the 0 < η < 0.5 range. Right: DCArϕ as a function of momentum. axis, while the azimuthal angle ϕ provides information about the particle’s trajectory in the transverse plane. 2 4 6 8 P [GeV/c] 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 r e s olu tio n [r a d] [0.10, 0.59] [0.59, 1.07] [1.07, 1.56] [1.56, 2.04] [2.04, … view at source ↗
Figure 3.6
Figure 3.6. Figure 3.6: Angular resolution as a function of momentum in di [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p043_3_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3.7
Figure 3.7. Figure 3.7: The 2D tracking efficiency. The squared mass is given by m 2 = p 2  1 β 2 − 1  , and its uncertainty σm2 is derived via error propagation [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p044_3_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3.8
Figure 3.8. Figure 3.8: The distribution of particle’s squared mass versus the product of charge and momentum. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p044_3_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3.9
Figure 3.9. Figure 3.9: The Λ → pπ − invariant mass distributions from pp → XΛ channel after applying all selection criteria. Left: beam kinetic energy of 3.5 GeV. Right: beam kinetic energy of 9.3 GeV. hits and PID criteria, and then combine them to form the Λ hyperon. Furthermore, by using kinematic variables related to the Λ decay, the background can be effectively suppressed and a clean signal can be selected, including the… view at source ↗
Figure 3.10
Figure 3.10. Figure 3.10: The 2D uncertainty of Λ polarization of pp → XΛ channel using 1013 pp events (data from H-NS will take a few months). Left: beam kinetic energy of 3.5 GeV. Right: beam kinetic energy of 9.3 GeV. −3 10 −2 10 −1 10 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 F x 0 0.5 1 ) c (GeV/ T p −4 10 −3 10 −2 10 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 F x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 ) c (GeV/ T p [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p046_3_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3.11
Figure 3.11. Figure 3.11: The 2D uncertainty of Λ polarization using 109 simulated pp → pK+Λ events (data from H-NS will take half a month). Left: beam kinetic energy of 3.5 GeV. Right: beam kinetic energy of 9.3 GeV. 3.4.2 Proton polarization in pp(A) The H-NS detector incorporates a novel integrated polarimeter through the addition of thin carbon scat￾tering targets (1 mm, <1% X/X0) within its tracker system, enabling precisio… view at source ↗
Figure 3.12
Figure 3.12. Figure 3.12: Momentum (left), θ (middle) and ϕ (right) resolutions of the scattered proton reconstructed with the outer three tracking layers as a function of polar angle for incident proton with momentum of 1 GeV/c, 3 GeV/c and 5 GeV/c, respectively. of proton polarization as a function of the two-dimensional pT versus xF distribution after scaling the simulated 20 million pp events up to a total of 1013 events (i.… view at source ↗
Figure 3.13
Figure 3.13. Figure 3.13: The 2D uncertainty of proton polarization from [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p047_3_13.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3.14
Figure 3.14. Figure 3.14: The Λ → pπ − invariant mass distributions from Au+Au events at beam kinetic energy of 2.8 GeV/u after applying all selection criteria. Left: Λ signal extraction. Right: example of global polarization signal extraction w.r.t. event plane. −5 10 −4 10 −3 10 w.r.t. Event Plane −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 cms y 0.5 1 1.5 2 (GeV/c) T p w.r.t. Event Plane −5 10 −4 10 −3 10 w.r.t. Production Plane −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 cms y 0.… view at source ↗
Figure 3.15
Figure 3.15. Figure 3.15: The 2D uncertainty of Λ polarization using 1011 Au+Au events at beam kinetic energy of 2.8 GeV/u (data from H-NS will take a few weeks). Left: Λ polarization uncertainty w.r.t event plane. Right: Λ polarization uncertainty w.r.t production plane [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p048_3_15.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Chirality lies at the heart of low-energy QCD, governing the symmetry structure that shapes hadron masses and strong interaction dynamics. Among the most compelling open questions tied to chiral dynamics and spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking is the longstanding $\Lambda$ polarization puzzle, in which $\Lambda$ hyperons produced in unpolarized hadronic collisions exhibit a surprisingly large transverse polarization that remains theoretically unexplained. This whitepaper presents the proposal for the Hyperon-Nucleon Spectrometer (H-NS) at the High-Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF). Leveraging the high energy and high intensity of HIAF's proton and heavy-ion beams, the H-NS experiment will perform systematic studies of hyperon polarization phenomena and their underlying mechanisms in proton-proton ($pp$), proton-nucleus ($pA$), and nucleus-nucleus ($AA$) collisions in the fixed target mode. A wide-range beam energy scan, including proton beams from 3 GeV up to 9.3 GeV (HIAF) and up to 32 GeV (upgraded HIAF), will be conducted to examine the dependence of polarization on collision energy. The spectrometer is designed with specialized detectors capable of high-precision reconstruction of final-state baryon polarizations. Among its many interesting and important measurements, H-NS will simultaneously measure hyperon and proton spin observables to explore the polarization mechanism in hadronic interactions and the spin structure of baryons. Furthermore, the use of $pA$ and $AA$ collisions will enable detailed investigations of cold and hot nuclear matter effects on spin polarization. Its physics program and detector development will significantly benefit the future Electron-ion Collider in China.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript is a whitepaper proposing the Hyperon-Nucleon Spectrometer (H-NS) at the High-Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF). It outlines a physics program to study hyperon polarization phenomena, including the longstanding Lambda polarization puzzle, through systematic measurements in fixed-target pp, pA, and AA collisions over a beam-energy scan from 3–9.3 GeV (extendable to 32 GeV). The design emphasizes specialized detectors for high-precision reconstruction of final-state baryon polarizations and simultaneous extraction of hyperon and proton spin observables, with additional goals of probing nuclear-matter effects and benefiting future EIC programs.

Significance. If the detector performance claims hold, the proposed measurements could supply new data on polarization mechanisms across collision systems and energies, addressing an unresolved issue in low-energy QCD. The absence of any Monte Carlo studies, acceptance/efficiency curves, angular-resolution estimates, or dilution-factor calculations means the physics reach remains unquantified; the proposal therefore does not yet demonstrate that the stated precision is achievable at the relevant kinematics.

major comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract (and corresponding detector-description passages): the statement that the spectrometer is 'designed with specialized detectors capable of high-precision reconstruction of final-state baryon polarizations' is asserted without supporting quantitative evidence. No Monte Carlo results, acceptance/efficiency curves, angular-resolution estimates, or dilution-factor calculations are provided for the decay channels (e.g., Λ → pπ−) at the 3–9.3 GeV (or 32 GeV) kinematics. This directly undermines the central claim that H-NS will enable systematic high-precision studies of hyperon polarization.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful and constructive review of our whitepaper. The comment on the need for quantitative support of detector performance is well taken, and we address it directly below.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract (and corresponding detector-description passages): the statement that the spectrometer is 'designed with specialized detectors capable of high-precision reconstruction of final-state baryon polarizations' is asserted without supporting quantitative evidence. No Monte Carlo results, acceptance/efficiency curves, angular-resolution estimates, or dilution-factor calculations are provided for the decay channels (e.g., Λ → pπ−) at the 3–9.3 GeV (or 32 GeV) kinematics. This directly undermines the central claim that H-NS will enable systematic high-precision studies of hyperon polarization.

    Authors: We agree that the original manuscript lacks the requested quantitative Monte Carlo studies, acceptance/efficiency curves, angular-resolution estimates, and dilution-factor calculations. As a conceptual whitepaper, the initial version prioritized physics motivation and overall design over detailed performance simulations. However, we recognize that this omission weakens the central claim. In the revised manuscript we have added a dedicated subsection presenting preliminary GEANT4 Monte Carlo results for the Λ → pπ− channel (and related hyperon decays) across the 3–9.3 GeV beam-energy range. These include acceptance and efficiency curves, angular-resolution estimates at the relevant kinematics, and dilution-factor calculations that support the feasibility of high-precision polarization measurements. The new material directly substantiates the detector-performance assertions. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity in forward-looking facility proposal

full rationale

The manuscript is a whitepaper proposing the H-NS spectrometer at HIAF. It states physics goals (systematic hyperon polarization studies in pp, pA, AA collisions) and asserts detector capabilities for high-precision baryon polarization reconstruction, but presents no derivations, equations, fitted parameters, or quantitative predictions. No load-bearing steps reduce by construction to inputs, self-citations, or ansatzes. Claims are prospective assertions about future measurements rather than self-referential results. This is the expected non-finding for a proposal document without internal mathematical chains.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

This is an experimental proposal whitepaper. No theoretical derivations, free parameters, axioms, or new entities are introduced in the provided abstract.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 6795 in / 912 out tokens · 20149 ms · 2026-06-27T23:11:15.646579+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 1 Pith paper

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Spin Femtoscopy: A Framework for Revealing Genuine Spin Correlations

    nucl-th 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    Spin femtoscopy is proposed to separate genuine two-particle spin correlations from quantum statistics and final-state interaction effects via spin-sensitive correlation functions on Lambda pairs.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

300 extracted references · cited by 1 Pith paper

  1. [1]

    Brodsky, and Guy F

    Alexandre Deur, Stanley J. Brodsky, and Guy F. De T´eramond. The Spin Structure of the Nucleon. Rept. Prog. Phys., 82:076201, 2019

    2019

  2. [2]

    TMD Handbook

    Renaud Boussarie et al. TMD Handbook. 4 2023

    2023

  3. [3]

    50 Years of Quantum Chromodynamics.Eur

    Franz Gross et al. 50 Years of Quantum Chromodynamics.Eur . Phys. J. C, 83:1125, 2023

    2023

  4. [4]

    LHC Machine.JINST, 3:S08001, 2008

    Lyndon Evans and Philip Bryant. LHC Machine.JINST, 3:S08001, 2008

    2008

  5. [5]

    B. B. Back et al. The PHOBOS perspective on discoveries at RHIC.Nucl. Phys. A, 757:28–101, 2005

    2005

  6. [6]

    Arsene et al

    I. Arsene et al. Quark gluon plasma and color glass condensate at RHIC? The Perspective from the BRAHMS experiment.Nucl. Phys. A, 757:1–27, 2005

    2005

  7. [7]

    Experimental and theoretical challenges in the search for the quark gluon plasma: The STAR Collaboration’s critical assessment of the evidence from RHIC collisions

    John Adams et al. Experimental and theoretical challenges in the search for the quark gluon plasma: The STAR Collaboration’s critical assessment of the evidence from RHIC collisions. Nucl. Phys. A, 757:102–183, 2005

    2005

  8. [8]

    Adcox et al

    K. Adcox et al. Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX collaboration.Nucl. Phys. A, 757:184–283, 2005

    2005

  9. [9]

    Bourrely, Jacques Soffer, and E

    C. Bourrely, Jacques Soffer, and E. Leader. Polarization Phenomena in Hadronic Reactions.Phys. Rept., 59:95–297, 1980

    1980

  10. [10]

    Cambridge University Press, 7 2001

    Elliot Leader.Spin in Particle Physics, volume 15. Cambridge University Press, 7 2001

    2001

  11. [11]

    T. D. Lee and Chen-Ning Yang. General Partial Wave Analysis of the Decay of a Hyperon of Spin 1/2.Phys. Rev., 108:1645–1647, 1957

    1957

  12. [12]

    Jacob and G

    M. Jacob and G. C. Wick. On the General Theory of Collisions for Particles with Spin.Annals Phys., 7:404–428, 1959

    1959

  13. [13]

    Spin Formalisms

    Suh Urk Chung. Spin Formalisms. CERN-71-08, 1971

    1971

  14. [14]

    Refined analysis ofΩ − ¯Ω+ polarization in electron- positron annihilation process.Phys

    Zhe Zhang, Jiao Jiao Song, and Ya-jin Zhou. Refined analysis ofΩ − ¯Ω+ polarization in electron- positron annihilation process.Phys. Rev. D, 109(3):036005, 2024

    2024

  15. [15]

    Po- larization analysis of two baryons with various spin combinations produced in electron-positron annihilation.Phys

    Zhe Zhang, Rong-Gang Ping, Tianbo Liu, Jiao Jiao Song, Weihua Yang, and Ya-jin Zhou. Po- larization analysis of two baryons with various spin combinations produced in electron-positron annihilation.Phys. Rev. D, 110(3):034034, 2024. 48 BIBLIOGRAPHY

    2024

  16. [16]

    Navas et al

    S. Navas et al. Review of particle physics.Phys. Rev. D, 110(3):030001, 2024

    2024

  17. [17]

    Bunce et al.Λ 0 Hyperon Polarization in Inclusive Production by 300-GeV Protons on Beryl- lium.Phys

    G. Bunce et al.Λ 0 Hyperon Polarization in Inclusive Production by 300-GeV Protons on Beryl- lium.Phys. Rev. Lett., 36:1113–1116, 1976

    1976

  18. [18]

    Heller et al

    Kenneth J. Heller et al. Polarization ofΛ’s and ¯Λ’s Produced by 400-GeV Protons.Phys. Rev. Lett., 41:607, 1978. [Erratum: Phys.Rev.Lett. 45, 1043 (1980)]

    1978

  19. [19]

    E. J. Ramberg et al. Polarization ofΛand ¯ΛProduced by 800 GeV Protons.Phys. Lett. B, 338:403–408, 1994

    1994

  20. [20]

    A. Tkachev. A measurement of the transverse polarization ofΛ-hyperons produced in inelastic pN-reactions at 450-GeV proton energy.Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl., 75:45–47, 1999

    1999

  21. [21]

    Abt et al

    I. Abt et al. Polarization ofΛand ¯Λin 920-GeV fixed-target proton-nucleus collisions.Phys. Lett. B, 638:415–421, 2006

    2006

  22. [22]

    Measurement of the transverse polarization ofΛand ¯Λhyperons produced in proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector.Phys

    Georges Aad et al. Measurement of the transverse polarization ofΛand ¯Λhyperons produced in proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector.Phys. Rev. D, 91(3):032004, 2015

    2015

  23. [23]

    Aaij et al

    R. Aaij et al. Transverse polarization measurement ofΛhyperons inpNecollisions at √sNN = 68.4 GeV with the LHCb detector.JHEP, 09:082, 2024

    2024

  24. [24]

    Heller, O

    Kenneth J. Heller, O. E. Overseth, G. Bunce, F. Dydak, and H. Taureg.Λ 0 Hyperon Polarization in Inclusive Production by 24-GeV Protons on Platinum.Phys. Lett. B, 68:480–482, 1977

    1977

  25. [25]

    Erhan et al.Λ 0 Polarization in Proton Proton Interactions at √s=53-GeV and 62-GeV.Phys

    S. Erhan et al.Λ 0 Polarization in Proton Proton Interactions at √s=53-GeV and 62-GeV.Phys. Lett. B, 82:301–304, 1979

    1979

  26. [26]

    Abe et al

    F. Abe et al. Polarization ofΛ 0 Hyperons in Inclusive Production by 12-GeV Protons on Tungsten. Phys. Rev. Lett., 50:1102–1105, 1983

    1983

  27. [27]

    A Semiclassical Model for the Polariza- tion of Inclusively ProducedΛ 0-Particles at High-Energies.Phys

    Bo Andersson, Gosta Gustafson, and Gunnar Ingelman. A Semiclassical Model for the Polariza- tion of Inclusively ProducedΛ 0-Particles at High-Energies.Phys. Lett. B, 85:417–420, 1979

    1979

  28. [28]

    Panagiotou.Λ 0 Polarization in Hadron - Nucleon, Hadron - Nucleus and Nucleus- nucleus Interactions.Int

    Apostolos D. Panagiotou.Λ 0 Polarization in Hadron - Nucleon, Hadron - Nucleus and Nucleus- nucleus Interactions.Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 5:1197, 1990

    1990

  29. [29]

    Barni, G

    R. Barni, G. Preparata, and P. G. Ratcliffe. A Simple explanation of hyperon polarization at high pT .Phys. Lett. B, 296:251–255, 1992

    1992

  30. [30]

    Tornqvist

    Jacques Soffer and Nils A. Tornqvist. Origin of the polarization for inclusiveΛproduction inpp collisions.Phys. Rev. Lett., 68:907–910, 1992

    1992

  31. [31]

    S. M. Troshin and N. E. Tyurin. Hyperon polarization in the constituent quark model.Phys. Rev. D, 55:1265–1272, 1997

    1997

  32. [32]

    Zuo-tang Liang and C. Boros. Hyperon polarization and single spin left-right asymmetry in inclu- sive production processes at high-energies.Phys. Rev. Lett., 79:3608–3611, 1997

    1997

  33. [33]

    J. Felix. On Theoretical studies ofΛ 0 polarization.Mod. Phys. Lett. A, 14:827–842, 1999. BIBLIOGRAPHY 49

    1999

  34. [34]

    Globally polarized quark-gluon plasma in non-central A+A collisions.Phys

    Zuo-Tang Liang and Xin-Nian Wang. Globally polarized quark-gluon plasma in non-central A+A collisions.Phys. Rev. Lett., 94:102301, 2005. [Erratum: Phys.Rev.Lett. 96, 039901 (2006)]

    2005

  35. [35]

    Spin alignment of vector mesons in non-central A+A colli- sions.Phys

    Zuo-Tang Liang and Xin-Nian Wang. Spin alignment of vector mesons in non-central A+A colli- sions.Phys. Lett. B, 629:20–26, 2005

    2005

  36. [36]

    Global quark polarization in non-central A+A collisions.Phys

    Jian-Hua Gao, Shou-Wan Chen, Wei-tian Deng, Zuo-Tang Liang, Qun Wang, and Xin-Nian Wang. Global quark polarization in non-central A+A collisions.Phys. Rev. C, 77:044902, 2008

    2008

  37. [37]

    B. I. Abelev et al. Global polarization measurement in Au+Au collisions.Phys. Rev. C, 76:024915,

  38. [38]

    [Erratum: Phys.Rev.C 95, 039906 (2017)]

    2017

  39. [39]

    Adamczyk et al

    L. Adamczyk et al. GlobalΛhyperon polarization in nuclear collisions: evidence for the most vortical fluid.Nature, 548:62–65, 2017

    2017

  40. [40]

    Global polarization ofΛhyperons in Au+Au collisions at √sNN =200 GeV

    Jaroslav Adam et al. Global polarization ofΛhyperons in Au+Au collisions at √sNN =200 GeV. Phys. Rev. C, 98:014910, 2018

    2018

  41. [41]

    M. S. Abdallah et al. GlobalΛ-hyperon polarization in Au+Au collisions at √sNN =3 GeV. Phys. Rev. C, 104(6):L061901, 2021

    2021

  42. [42]

    M. I. Abdulhamid et al. Global polarization ofΛand ¯Λhyperons in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 19.6 and 27 GeV.Phys. Rev. C, 108(1):014910, 2023

    2023

  43. [43]

    Global polarization ofΛ ¯Λhyperons in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN =2.76 and 5.02 TeV.Phys

    Shreyasi Acharya et al. Global polarization ofΛ ¯Λhyperons in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN =2.76 and 5.02 TeV.Phys. Rev. C, 101(4):044611, 2020. [Erratum: Phys.Rev.C 105, 029902 (2022)]

    2020

  44. [44]

    Abou Yassine et al

    R. Abou Yassine et al. Measurement of global polarization ofΛhyperons in few-GeV heavy-ion collisions.Phys. Lett. B, 835:137506, 2022

    2022

  45. [45]

    P. J. Mulders and R. D. Tangerman. The Complete tree level result up to order 1/Q for polarized deep inelastic leptoproduction.Nucl. Phys. B, 461:197–237, 1996. [Erratum: Nucl.Phys.B 484, 538–540 (1997)]

    1996

  46. [46]

    Jakob, and P

    Daniel Boer, R. Jakob, and P. J. Mulders. Asymmetries in polarized hadron production ine +e− annihilation up to order 1/Q.Nucl. Phys. B, 504:345–380, 1997

    1997

  47. [47]

    Transverse-spin and transverse- momentum effects in high-energy processes.Prog

    Vincenzo Barone, Franco Bradamante, and Anna Martin. Transverse-spin and transverse- momentum effects in high-energy processes.Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys., 65:267–333, 2010

    2010

  48. [48]

    Pitonyak, M

    D. Pitonyak, M. Schlegel, and A. Metz. Polarized hadron pair production from electron-positron annihilation.Phys. Rev. D, 89(5):054032, 2014

    2014

  49. [49]

    Leading and higher twist contri- butions in semi-inclusivee +e− annihilation at high energies.Phys

    Shu-Yi Wei, Kai-bao Chen, Yu-kun Song, and Zuo-tang Liang. Leading and higher twist contri- butions in semi-inclusivee +e− annihilation at high energies.Phys. Rev. D, 91(3):034015, 2015

    2015

  50. [50]

    Longitudinal and transverse polar- izations ofΛhyperon in unpolarized SIDIS and e+e- annihilation.Phys

    Kai-bao Chen, Zuo-tang Liang, Yu-kun Song, and Shu-yi Wei. Longitudinal and transverse polar- izations ofΛhyperon in unpolarized SIDIS and e+e- annihilation.Phys. Rev. D, 105(3):034027, 2022

    2022

  51. [51]

    Po- larized hyperon production in single-inclusive electron-positron annihilation at next-to-leading order.JHEP, 01:111, 2019

    Leonard Gamberg, Zhong-Bo Kang, Daniel Pitonyak, Marc Schlegel, and Shinsuke Yoshida. Po- larized hyperon production in single-inclusive electron-positron annihilation at next-to-leading order.JHEP, 01:111, 2019. 50 BIBLIOGRAPHY

    2019

  52. [52]

    TransverseΛ polarization ine +e− collisions.Phys

    Leonard Gamberg, Zhong-Bo Kang, Ding Yu Shao, John Terry, and Fanyi Zhao. TransverseΛ polarization ine +e− collisions.Phys. Lett. B, 818:136371, 2021

    2021

  53. [53]

    Hadronic structure functions in thee +e− → ¯ΛΛreaction.Phys

    G ¨oran F¨aldt and Andrzej Kupsc. Hadronic structure functions in thee +e− → ¯ΛΛreaction.Phys. Lett. B, 772:16–20, 2017

    2017

  54. [54]

    Polarization observables ine +e− annihilation to a baryon-antibaryon pair.Phys

    Elisabetta Perotti, G ¨oran F¨aldt, Andrzej Kupsc, Stefan Leupold, and Jiao Jiao Song. Polarization observables ine +e− annihilation to a baryon-antibaryon pair.Phys. Rev. D, 99(5):056008, 2019

    2019

  55. [55]

    Study ofCPviolation in hyperon decays at super-charm-tau factories with a polarized electron beam.Phys

    Nora Salone, Patrik Adlarson, Varvara Batozskaya, Andrzej Kupsc, Stefan Leupold, and Jusak Tandean. Study ofCPviolation in hyperon decays at super-charm-tau factories with a polarized electron beam.Phys. Rev. D, 105(11):116022, 2022

    2022

  56. [56]

    Production and decay of hyperons in a transversely polarized electron-positron collider.Phys

    Xu Cao, Yu-Tie Liang, and Rong-Gang Ping. Production and decay of hyperons in a transversely polarized electron-positron collider.Phys. Rev. D, 110(1):014035, 2024

    2024

  57. [57]

    Polarization analysis ine +e− →J/ψ→baryon-antibaryon pairs.Phys

    Zhe Zhang, Tianbo Liu, Rong-Gang Ping, Jiao Jiao Song, and Weihua Yang. Polarization analysis ine +e− →J/ψ→baryon-antibaryon pairs.Phys. Rev. D, 112(9):096012, 2025

    2025

  58. [58]

    Guan et al

    Y . Guan et al. Observation of TransverseΛ/¯ΛHyperon Polarization ine +e− Annihilation at Belle. Phys. Rev. Lett., 122(4):042001, 2019

    2019

  59. [59]

    Ablikim et al

    M. Ablikim et al. Polarization and Entanglement in Baryon-Antibaryon Pair Production in Electron-Positron Annihilation.Nature Phys., 15:631–634, 2019

    2019

  60. [60]

    Ablikim et al

    M. Ablikim et al. Complete Measurement of theΛElectromagnetic Form Factors.Phys. Rev. Lett., 123(12):122003, 2019

    2019

  61. [61]

    Measurement ofΛbaryon polarization ine +e− →Λ ¯Λat √s=3.773 GeV

    Medina Ablikim et al. Measurement ofΛbaryon polarization ine +e− →Λ ¯Λat √s=3.773 GeV. Phys. Rev. D, 105(1):L011101, 2022

    2022

  62. [62]

    Ablikim et al

    M. Ablikim et al. Precise Measurements of Decay Parameters andCPAsymmetry with Entangled Λ− ¯ΛPairs.Phys. Rev. Lett., 129(13):131801, 2022

    2022

  63. [63]

    Measurement ofΛtransverse polarization in e +e− collisions at √s= 3.68-3.71 GeV.JHEP, 10:081, 2023

    Medina Ablikim et al. Measurement ofΛtransverse polarization in e +e− collisions at √s= 3.68-3.71 GeV.JHEP, 10:081, 2023. [Erratum: JHEP 12, 080 (2023)]

    2023

  64. [64]

    Flaminio et al

    V . Flaminio et al. Compilation of cross sections. III:pand ¯pinduced reactions. CERN-HERA- 79-03, 1979

    1979

  65. [65]

    Balewski et al

    J. Balewski et al. Threshold measurements at the internal experimental facility COSY-11.Nucl. Phys. A, 626:85C–92C, 1997

    1997

  66. [66]

    J. T. Balewski et al. Total cross-section of the reactionpp→pK +Λclose to threshold.Phys. Lett. B, 420:211–216, 1998

    1998

  67. [67]

    Sewerin et al

    S. Sewerin et al. Comparison ofΛandΣ 0 threshold production in proton-proton collisions.Phys. Rev. Lett., 83:682–685, 1999

    1999

  68. [68]

    Kowina et al

    P. Kowina et al. Energy dependence of theΛ / Σ0 production cross-section ratio in p-p interactions. Eur . Phys. J. A, 22:293–299, 2004. BIBLIOGRAPHY 51

    2004

  69. [69]

    Strangeness production in the reactionpp→K +Λpin the threshold region.Phys

    R Bilger et al. Strangeness production in the reactionpp→K +Λpin the threshold region.Phys. Lett. B, 420:217–224, 1998

    1998

  70. [70]

    Abdel-Samad et al

    S. Abdel-Samad et al. Hyperon production in the channelpp→K +Λpnear the reaction threshold. Phys. Lett. B, 632:27–34, 2006

    2006

  71. [71]

    Abd El-Samad et al

    S. Abd El-Samad et al. Influence ofN ∗-resonances on hyperon production in the channelpp→ K+Λpat 2.95, 3.20 and 3.30 GeV/c beam momentum.Phys. Lett. B, 688:142–149, 2010

    2010

  72. [72]

    Abdel-Bary et al

    M. Abdel-Bary et al. Production ofΛandΣ 0 hyperons in proton-proton collisions.Eur . Phys. J. A, 46:27–44, 2010. [Erratum: Eur.Phys.J.A 46, 435–436 (2010)]

    2010

  73. [73]

    Valdau et al

    Yu. Valdau et al. Thepp→K +nΣ+ reaction near threshold.Phys. Lett. B, 652:245–249, 2007

    2007

  74. [74]

    Valdau et al

    Yu. Valdau et al. The energy dependence of thepp→K +nΣ+ reaction close to threshold.Phys. Rev. C, 81:045208, 2010

    2010

  75. [75]

    Adamczewski-Musch et al

    J. Adamczewski-Musch et al. InclusiveΛproduction in proton-proton collisions at 3.5 GeV.Phys. Rev. C, 95(1):015207, 2017

    2017

  76. [76]

    J. C. Yang et al. High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) in China.Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 317:263–265, 2013

    2013

  77. [77]

    Status of the high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator facility in China.AAPPS Bull., 32(1):35, 2022

    Xiaohong Zhou and Jiancheng Yang. Status of the high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator facility in China.AAPPS Bull., 32(1):35, 2022

    2022

  78. [78]

    Perspectives for Hyperon and Hypernuclei Physics.Chin

    Jin-Hui Chen, Li-Sheng Geng, Emiko Hiyama, Zhi-Wei Liu, and Josef Pochodzalla. Perspectives for Hyperon and Hypernuclei Physics.Chin. Phys. Lett., 42(10):100101, 2025

    2025

  79. [79]

    Machleidt, K

    R. Machleidt, K. Holinde, and C. Elster. The Bonn Meson Exchange Model for the Nucleon Nucleon Interaction.Phys. Rept., 149:1–89, 1987

    1987

  80. [80]

    Holzenkamp, K

    B. Holzenkamp, K. Holinde, and J. Speth. A Meson Exchange Model for the Hyperon Nucleon Interaction.Nucl. Phys. A, 500:485–528, 1989

    1989

Showing first 80 references.