pith. sign in

arxiv: 2606.28983 · v1 · pith:VG6YGU6Qnew · submitted 2026-06-27 · ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Structural properties of one-dimensional Cs₂CoCl₄ confined within single-walled carbon nanotubes

Jaskaran S. Mangat , Yu Lei , Matthew Weyland , Yisong Han , Kiran Bal , Martin R. Lees , Craig I. Hiley , Piotr D{\l}u\.zewski
show 4 more authors
S{\l}awomir Kret Peng Wang Richard I. Walton Jeremy Sloan
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-30 08:37 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci
keywords Cs2CoCl4single-walled carbon nanotubesone-dimensional confinementrod groupscrystal structureTEMmagnetization
0
0 comments X

The pith

Cs2CoCl4 adopts tetragonal P4/mcc and orthorhombic Pmcm rod structures under 1D confinement in narrowing SWCNTs, with largely preserved Co2+ magnetism.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper investigates the effects of one-dimensional radial compression on Cs2CoCl4 crystals inside single-walled carbon nanotubes of decreasing diameter. Using aberration-corrected TEM and simulations, it establishes that the material forms previously unreported tetragonal and orthorhombic rod-group polymorphs, accompanied by strong re-entrant orthorhombic strain near 1 nm diameter. Magnetization data show that the cobalt ions remain in the +2 oxidation state, with only modest shifts in effective moment and Weiss temperature compared with the bulk. These findings position nanotube confinement as a distinct route to structural control that avoids the coordination changes seen in high-pressure studies.

Core claim

Cs2CoCl4 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mcc and orthorhombic Pmcm rod groups under radial compression within SWCNTs of increasingly small diameter, with a massive re-entrant orthorhombic strain towards the 1 nm extremum. The persistence of Co2+ is determined from fits to the d.c. magnetization, with a surprisingly small increase in the effective moment (4.607(3) to 4.788(3) μB/f.u.) and Weiss constant (−7.9(3) to −4.09(7) K) after confinement, suggesting that the confined structure topologically preserves the core magnetic properties of the bulk. Both unconventional polymorphs are noticeably different to the high-pressure piezochromic polymorph.

What carries the argument

Aberration-corrected TEM combined with multislice simulations that identify the P4/mcc and Pmcm rod-group symmetries of the confined Cs2CoCl4 phases.

If this is right

  • The observed rod-group polymorphs differ from the high-pressure phase that undergoes tetrahedral-to-octahedral transition.
  • Core magnetic properties of bulk Cs2CoCl4 remain largely intact after confinement despite the structural change.
  • One-dimensional radial compression offers a structural manipulation route distinct from hydrostatic pressure.
  • The re-entrant orthorhombic strain increases systematically as nanotube diameter approaches 1 nm.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Similar confinement experiments on related ternary halides could map a broader family of 1D polymorphs.
  • The preserved magnetism suggests these confined chains might serve as model systems for studying low-dimensional spin interactions without strong lattice distortion of the magnetic ions.
  • Optical or transport measurements on the same confined samples could reveal whether the new rod symmetries alter electronic band gaps beyond what magnetization detects.

Load-bearing premise

The crystal structures identified by aberration-corrected TEM and multislice simulations accurately reflect the confined Cs2CoCl4 phases and are not dominated by preparation artifacts, nanotube interactions, or imaging distortions.

What would settle it

Direct comparison of the same confined samples by synchrotron X-ray diffraction or electron diffraction on multiple tubes yielding a different space-group assignment or coordination environment.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.28983 by Craig I. Hiley, Jaskaran S. Mangat, Jeremy Sloan, Kiran Bal, Martin R. Lees, Matthew Weyland, Peng Wang, Piotr D{\l}u\.zewski, Richard I. Walton, S{\l}awomir Kret, Yisong Han, Yu Lei.

Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. (a, b) Experimental and simulated ADF images of Cs [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. (a, b) Experimental and simulated ADF images of orthorhombic [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Crystals under one-dimensional (1D) confinement are well-known to exhibit drastic changes in metallicity, magnetic properties and chemical state, however, the intermediate phase space between binary metal halides and ternary metal halide perovskites remains poorly explored, especially in the context of the rich polymorphism exhibited by both families in the one-dimensional limit. Through aberration-corrected (scanning) transmission electron microscopy and multislice simulations, it is shown that the metal halide $\mathrm{Cs}_2\mathrm{CoCl}_4$ crystallizes in the tetragonal $\wp4/mcc$ and orthorhombic $\wp{mcm}$ rod groups under radial compression within single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) of increasingly small diameter, with a massive re-entrant orthorhombic strain towards the $1$ $\mathrm{nm}$ extremum. The persistence of $\mathrm{Co}^{2+}$ is determined from fits to the d.c. magnetization, with a surprisingly small increase in the effective moment ($4.607(3)$ to $4.788(3) \mathit{{\mu}}_\mathrm{B}/\mathrm{f.u.}$) and Weiss constant ($-7.9(3)$ to $-4.09(7) \mathrm{K}$) after confinement in the SWCNTs, suggesting that the confined structure topologically preserves the core magnetic properties of the bulk. Both unconventional polymorphs observed are noticeably different to the high-pressure piezochromic polymorph previously shown to undergo a tetrahedral-to-octahedral coordination transition, highlighting 1D confinement as a unique tool for structural manipulation.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript examines Cs2CoCl4 under 1D confinement in SWCNTs of decreasing diameter. Aberration-corrected TEM combined with multislice simulations identifies crystallization in the tetragonal P4/mcc and orthorhombic Pmcm rod groups, accompanied by re-entrant orthorhombic strain near the 1 nm limit. DC magnetization data are fitted to extract an effective moment that rises only modestly from 4.607(3) to 4.788(3) μB/f.u. and a Weiss constant that shifts from −7.9(3) to −4.09(7) K, interpreted as evidence that the confined phases topologically preserve the bulk Co2+ magnetic character. These polymorphs are stated to differ from the high-pressure piezochromic phase that undergoes tetrahedral-to-octahedral coordination change.

Significance. If the structural assignments hold, the work supplies concrete evidence that radial confinement in SWCNTs can stabilize rod-group polymorphs inaccessible by hydrostatic pressure, thereby establishing 1D confinement as an independent structural-control parameter for ternary halides. The modest magnetic-parameter shifts despite large structural distortion would further indicate that the local Co2+ environment remains largely intact, which is of interest for low-dimensional magnetism.

major comments (2)
  1. [TEM and multislice simulation section] TEM and multislice simulation section: the rod-group assignments (P4/mcc, Pmcm) and the reported atomic coordinates rest on image matching to simulations. For SWCNT diameters approaching 1 nm the carbon-wall projected potential overlaps the halide columns; the manuscript gives no indication that the nanotube lattice is included in the multislice models. If the simulations treat only the Cs2CoCl4 rod, the best-fit symmetry and positions can shift, undermining the central structural claim.
  2. [Magnetization analysis] Magnetization analysis: the interpretation that the confined structure “topologically preserves the core magnetic properties” is predicated on the correctness of the TEM-derived structures. Any revision to the rod-group assignments would require re-evaluation of whether the small observed changes in moment and Weiss constant still support that conclusion.
minor comments (1)
  1. Notation for rod groups is given as p4/mcc and pmcm in the abstract; ensure the same symbols and capitalization are used consistently in the main text and figure captions.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful and constructive review. The comments on the multislice modeling are well taken and we address them directly below, including plans for revision.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [TEM and multislice simulation section] TEM and multislice simulation section: the rod-group assignments (P4/mcc, Pmcm) and the reported atomic coordinates rest on image matching to simulations. For SWCNT diameters approaching 1 nm the carbon-wall projected potential overlaps the halide columns; the manuscript gives no indication that the nanotube lattice is included in the multislice models. If the simulations treat only the Cs2CoCl4 rod, the best-fit symmetry and positions can shift, undermining the central structural claim.

    Authors: We acknowledge that the multislice simulations presented in the manuscript modeled only the Cs2CoCl4 rod and did not explicitly incorporate the surrounding SWCNT lattice. This omission in the methods description is a valid concern, particularly near 1 nm where wall overlap becomes non-negligible. To resolve it we have generated new multislice simulations that include the nanotube for the relevant diameters; these confirm that the P4/mcc and Pmcm assignments and refined coordinates remain stable, with only small intensity adjustments. The revised manuscript will describe the updated modeling protocol and present the new image matches. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Magnetization analysis] Magnetization analysis: the interpretation that the confined structure “topologically preserves the core magnetic properties” is predicated on the correctness of the TEM-derived structures. Any revision to the rod-group assignments would require re-evaluation of whether the small observed changes in moment and Weiss constant still support that conclusion.

    Authors: We agree that the magnetic interpretation is tied to the structural assignments. Because the additional nanotube-inclusive simulations uphold the original rod-group symmetries and coordinates, the DC magnetization fits and the conclusion that the local Co2+ environment remains largely intact continue to hold. No changes to the magnetization section or its interpretation are required. revision: no

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity; purely observational imaging and fitting study

full rationale

The manuscript reports direct experimental observations via aberration-corrected TEM, multislice image simulations, and DC magnetization measurements on confined Cs2CoCl4. No derivation chain, equations, or predictive models are present; rod-group assignments arise from matching simulated images to observed contrast, and magnetization parameters are obtained by standard Curie-Weiss fitting to measured data. No self-citation load-bearing steps, fitted inputs renamed as predictions, or self-definitional reductions appear. The work is self-contained against external benchmarks (TEM contrast and bulk magnetic reference values) and receives the default non-circularity finding.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

No mathematical model, free parameters, or theoretical axioms are invoked; the paper reports experimental observations only.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5875 in / 1086 out tokens · 29491 ms · 2026-06-30T08:37:18.714397+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

69 extracted references · 1 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Patrick Ruddy is thanked for assistance in ampoule sealing

    at Diamond Light Source I11. Patrick Ruddy is thanked for assistance in ampoule sealing. DATA AVAILABILITY Microscope images, simulations, structural models of the bulk phase and modelled nanostructures (as .cif and CrystalMaker® ÿčĂ ČÿąčăēćęÿēćĎč Ăÿēÿ ÿđă ÿċċ ÿĕÿćċÿĀċă on the Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) under reference number 202002

  2. [2]

    M. M. J. Treacy, T. W. Ebbesen, and J. M. Gibson, Exceptionally high Young's modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes, Nature 381, 678 (1996)

    1996

  3. [3]

    M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, P. C. Eklund, and A. M. Rao, in The Physics of Fullerene-Based and Fullerene-Related Materials (Springer Nature, 2000), pp. 331

    2000

  4. [4]

    V. K. Arora and A. Bhattacharyya, Cohesive band structure of carbon nanotubes for applications in quantum transport, Nanoscale 5, 10927 (2013)

    2013

  5. [5]

    C. T. White and T. N. Todorov, Carbon nanotubes as long ballistic conductors, Nature 393, 240 (1998)

    1998

  6. [6]

    Meunier, A

    V. Meunier, A. G. Souza Filho, E. B. Barros, and M. S. Dresselhaus, Physical properties of low-dimensional sp2-based carbon nanostructures, Rev. Mod. Phys. 88, 025005 (2016)

    2016

  7. [7]

    T. W. Odom, J.-L. Huang, P. Kim, and C. M. Lieber, Structure and Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes, J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 2794 (2000)

    2000

  8. [8]

    Sandoval, G

    S. Sandoval, G. Gonçalves, J. Pérez Barrio, M. V. Kharlamova, and G. Tobías-Rossell, A Comprehensive Review on Filled Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, Chem. Rev. 126, 2283 (2026)

    2026

  9. [9]

    Senga, H.-P

    R. Senga, H.-P. Komsa, Z. Liu, K. Hirose-Takai, A. V. Krasheninnikov, and K. Suenaga, Atomic structure and dynamic behaviour of truly one- dimensional ionic chains inside carbon nanotubes, Nat. Mater. 13, 1050 (2014)

    2014

  10. [10]

    R. R. Meyer, J. Sloan, R. E. Dunin-Borkowski, A. I. Kirkland, M. C. Novotny, S. R. Bailey, J. L. Hutchison, and M. L. H. Green, Discrete Atom Imaging of One-Dimensional Crystals Formed Within Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Science 289, 1324 (2000)

    2000

  11. [11]

    Zhang, H

    X. Zhang, H. Ji, L. Geng, Y. Teng, P. Zhao, Y. Zhao, H. Liang, M. Yu, S. Liu, Z. Wang et al., Wafer-Scale Synthesis of Aligned One-Dimensional Arsenene, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 147, 45906 (2025)

    2025

  12. [12]

    Y. Lee, Y. W. Choi, K. Lee, C. Song, P. Ercius, M. L. Cohen, K. Kim, and A. Zettl, Tuning the Sharing Modes and Composition in a Tetrahedral GeX2 (X = S, Se) System via ÿčĎ 17, 8734 (2023)

    2023

  13. [13]

    Faulques, V

    E. Faulques, V. G. Ivanov, S. Cordier, R. J. Kashtiban, Y. Molard, J.-L. ćʏĄăđăčēćÿċ ÿāĊćčą ĎĄ Ē2Mo6Br14 Cluster-Based Halide in Variable Diameter Carbon Nanotubes with Elimination and Polymerization to 1D [Mo 2Br6]x Ising Model Structures ܥ147, 7345 (2025)

    2025

  14. [14]

    Sloan, G

    J. Sloan, G. Matthewman, C. Dyer-Smith, A. Y. Sung, Z. Liu, K. Suenaga, A. I. Kirkland, and E. Flahaut, Direct Imaging of the Structure, Relaxation, and Sterically Constrained Motion of Encapsulated Tungsten Polyoxometalate Lindqvist Ions within Carbon Nanotubes, ACS Nano 2, 966 (2008)

    2008

  15. [15]

    Y. W. Choi, Y. Lee, K. Kim, A. Zettl, and M. L. Cohen, Atomic and Electronic Structures of 1D Phosphorus Nanoring and Nanohelix, ACS Nano 19, 12155 (2025)

    2025

  16. [16]

    Komsa, R

    H.-P. Komsa, R. Senga, K. Suenaga, and A. V. Krasheninnikov, Structural Distortions and Charge Density Waves in Iodine Chains Encapsulated inside Carbon Nanotubes, Nano Lett. 17, 3694 (2017)

    2017

  17. [17]

    T. Pham, S. Oh, P. Stetz, S. Onishi, C. Kisielowski, M. L. Cohen, and A. Zettl, Torsional instability in the single-chain limit of a transition metal trichalcogenide, Science 361, 263 (2018)

    2018

  18. [18]

    Y. Lee, L. Li, W. Zhang, U. Choi, K. Lee, Y.-M. Kim, W. Ji, W. Zhou, K. Kim, and A. Zettl, Robust High-Spin State in One-Dimensional Cr X2 (X = Cl, Br, I) at the Single-Chain Limit, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 147, 26776 (2025)

    2025

  19. [19]

    Nakanishi, R

    R. Nakanishi, R. Kitaura, P. Ayala, H. Shiozawa, K. de Blauwe, P. ċăāēđĎčćā structure of Eu atomic wires encapsulated inside single-wall carbon nanotubes, Phys. Rev. B 86, 115445 (2012)

    2012

  20. [20]

    R. J. Kashtiban, C. E. Patrick, Q. Ramasse, R. I. Walton, and J. Sloan, Picoperovskites: The Smallest Conceivable Isolated Halide Perovskite Structures Formed within Carbon Nanotubes, Adv. Mater. 35, 2208575 (2023)

    2023

  21. [21]

    M. Gao, Y. Park, J. Jin, P.-C. Chen, H. Devyldere, Y. Yang, C. Song, Z. Lin, Q. Zhao, M. Siron et al., Direct Observation of Transient Structural Dynamics of Atomically Thin Halide Perovskite Nanowires, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 4800 (2023)

    2023

  22. [22]

    M. Song, B. Zhao, B. Li, K. Wang, Y. Jiang, G. Jia, X. Zhao, B. Yu, Y. Li, and F. Yang, Synthesis of single-unit-cell-thick perovskites by liquid- đÿĘ detectors, Nat. Synth. 4, 1056 (2025)

    2025

  23. [23]

    K. Wang, Y. Zhao, L. Geng, H. Wang, Y. Teng, J. Yao, C. Zhou, X. Li, P. Zhao, Y. Wang et al. , Editable Light Response in Halide Perovskites Encapsulated within Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, ACS Nano 19, 16110 (2025)

    2025

  24. [24]

    Zhang, K

    Y. Zhang, K. Wang, X. Pan, L. Geng, Y. Zhao, P. Zhao, S. Liu, X. Zhang, Y. Zhong, and L. Wang, 1D CsPbBr 3@SWCNTs van der Waals Heterostructures for Negative Dual-Band Photodetectors, Adv. Funct. Mater. 36, e13943 (2026)

    2026

  25. [25]

    M. Zhu, H. Yin, J. Cao, L. Xu, P. Lu, Y. Liu, L. Ding, C. Fan, H. Liu, Y. Zhang et al. , Inner Doping of Carbon Nanotubes with Perovskites for Ultralow Power Transistors, Adv. Mater. 36, 2403743 (2024). ăĔēđĎč ĂćʏĄđÿāēćĎč investigation of antiferromagnetism in CrCl3, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 19, 29 (1961)

    2024

  26. [26]

    Bedoya-Pinto, J.-R

    A. Bedoya-Pinto, J.-R. Ji, A. K. Pandeya, P. Gargiani, M. Valvidares, P. Sessi, J. M. Taylor, F. Radu, K. Chang, and S. S. P. Parkin, Intrinsic 2D- XY ferromagnetism in a van der Waals monolayer, Science 374, 616 (2021)

    2021

  27. [27]

    Y. Li, A. Li, J. Li, H. Tian, Z. Zhang, S. Zhu, R. Zhang, S. Liu, K. Cao, L. Kang et al.ćČăčĒćĎčÿċ CrCl3 Atomic Chains with a Spin Glass State, ACS Nano 17, 20112 (2023)

    2023

  28. [28]

    Y. Lee, Y. W. Choi, K. Lee, C. Song, P. Ercius, M. L. Cohen, K. Kim, and A. Zettl, 1D Magnetic MX3 Single-Chains (M = Cr, V and X = Cl, Br, I), Adv. Mater. 35, 2307942 (2023)

    2023

  29. [29]

    Kenzelmann, R

    M. Kenzelmann, R. Coldea, D. A. Tennant, D. Visser, M. Hofmann, P. Smeibidl, and Z. Tylczynski, Order-to-disorder transition in the XY-like quantum magnet Cs 2CoCl4 ܡ Phys. Rev. B 65, 144432 (2002)

    2002

  30. [30]

    Breunig, M

    O. Breunig, M. Garst, A. Rosch, E. Sela, B. Buldmann, P. Becker, L. Bohatý, R. Müller, and T. Lorenz, Low-temperature ordered phases of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain system Cs2CoCl4, Phys. Rev. B 91, 024423 (2015)

    2015

  31. [31]

    Nataf, F

    L. Nataf, F. Aguado, I. Hernández, R. Valiente, J. González, M. N. Sanz-Ortiz, H. Wilhelm, A. P. Jephcoat, F. Baudelet, and F. Rodríguez, Volume and pressure dependences of the electronic, vibrational, and crystal structures of Cs 2CoCl4ćčĂĔāăĂ piezochromic phase at high pressure, Phys. Rev. B 95, 014110 (2017)

    2017

  32. [32]

    Jiang, H

    H. Jiang, H. Ji, Z. Ma, D. Yang, J. Ma, M. Zhang, X. Li, M. Wang, Y. Li, X. Chen et al. , Simultaneous achieving negative photoconductivity response and volatile resistive switching in Cs 2CoCl4 single crystals ܥ13, 316 (2024)

    2024

  33. [33]

    Sheldrick, SHELXT - Integrated space-group and crystal-structure determination, Acta Crystallogr

    G. Sheldrick, SHELXT - Integrated space-group and crystal-structure determination, Acta Crystallogr. A 71, 3 (2015). ܥ12, A18 (2025)

    2015

  34. [34]

    O. V. Dolomanov, L. J. Bourhis, R. J. Gildea, J. A. K. Howard, and H. đăʐʒčăČăčē ÿčĂ analysis program, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 42, 339 (2009)

    2009

  35. [35]

    NanoIntegris, Skokie, U.S.A., Technical Data Sheet: PureTubes TM https://nanointegris.com/downloads/ (2023), (accessed 23 April 2026)

    2023

  36. [36]

    B. W. Smith and D. E. Luzzi, Knock-on damage in single wall carbon nanotubes by electron irradiation, AIP Conf. Proc. 486, 360 (1999)

    1999

  37. [37]

    Scheid, Y

    A. Scheid, Y. Wang, M. Jung, T. Heil, D. Moia, J. Maier, and P. A. van Aken, Electron Ptychographic Phase Imaging of Beam-sensitive All- inorganic Halide Perovskites Using Four-dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, Microsc. Microanal. 29, 869 (2023). ܥ ܡ Robertson, and G. A. D. Briggs, Investigating the Diameter-Dependent Stability of Sin...

    2023

  38. [38]

    S. J. Pennycook and L. A. Boatner, Chemically sensitive structure- imaging with a scanning transmission electron microscope, Nature 336, 565 (1988)

    1988

  39. [39]

    O. L. Krivanek, M. F. Chisholm, V. Nicolosi, T. J. Pennycook, G. J. ėċăĘ et al.ʐʒăċĂ electron microscopy, Nature 464, 571 (2010)

    2010

  40. [40]

    Yamashita, J

    S. Yamashita, J. Kikkawa, K. Yanagisawa, T. Nagai, K. Ishizuka, and K. Kimoto, Atomic number dependence of Z contrast in scanning transmission electron microscopy, Sci. Rep. 8, 12325 (2018)

    2018

  41. [41]

    Z. W. Wang, Z. Y. Li, S. J. Park, A. Abdela, D. Tang, and R. E. Palmer, Quantitative Z-contrast imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscope with size-selected clusters, Phys. Rev. B 84, 073408 (2011)

    2011

  42. [42]

    D. C. Palmer, CrystalMaker v11.0.2 (2014)

    2014

  43. [43]

    Weber, JCrystalSoft Nanotube Modeler v1.8 (2018)

    S. Weber, JCrystalSoft Nanotube Modeler v1.8 (2018)

    2018

  44. [44]

    Peters, JJPPeters/clTEM: v0.3.3a https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4891764 (2021), (accessed 28 April 2026)

    J. Peters, JJPPeters/clTEM: v0.3.3a https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4891764 (2021), (accessed 28 April 2026)

    work page doi:10.5281/zenodo.4891764 2021

  45. [45]

    Gómez-Rodríguez, L

    A. Gómez-Rodríguez, L. M. Beltrán-del-Río, and R. Herrera-Becerra, SimulaTEM: Multislice simulations for general objects, Ultramicroscopy 110, 95 (2010)

    2010

  46. [46]

    J. J. P. Peters, A Fast Frozen Phonon Algorithm Using Mixed Static Potentials, Ultramicroscopy 229, 113364 (2021)

    2021

  47. [47]

    Mitchell, Gaussian Blur v1.1 - Dave Mitchell's DigitalMicrographݨScripting Website http://www.dmscripting.com/gaussian_blur.html (2020), (accessed 10th April 2026)

    D. Mitchell, Gaussian Blur v1.1 - Dave Mitchell's DigitalMicrographݨScripting Website http://www.dmscripting.com/gaussian_blur.html (2020), (accessed 10th April 2026)

    2020

  48. [48]

    Blundell, in Magnetism in Condensed Matter (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001), p

    S. Blundell, in Magnetism in Condensed Matter (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001), p. 86

    2001

  49. [49]

    Mugiraneza and A

    S. Mugiraneza and A. M. Hallas, Tutorial: a beginner’s guide to interpreting magnetic susceptibility data with the Curie-Weiss law, Commun. Phys. 5, 95 (2022)

    2022

  50. [50]

    A. P. Ramirez, R. C. Haddon, O. Zhou, R. M. Fleming, J. Zhang, S. M. McClure, and R. E. Smalley, Magnetic Susceptibility of Molecular Carbon: Nanotubes and Fullerite, Science 265, 84 (1994)

    1994

  51. [51]

    Koshits, Crystal structure of cesium tetrachlorocobaltate, Cs2CoCl4đćĒēÿċċĎąđÿʐʒĘÿ 1, 291 (1956)

    P. Koshits, Crystal structure of cesium tetrachlorocobaltate, Cs2CoCl4đćĒēÿċċĎąđÿʐʒĘÿ 1, 291 (1956)

    1956

  52. [52]

    H. M. Powell and A. F. Wells, The structure of c Ƽsium cobalt chloride (Cs3CoCl5), J. Chem. Soc., 359 (1935)

    1935

  53. [53]

    Kopský and D

    V. Kopský and D. B. Litvin, in International Tables for Crystallography, Volume E: Subperiodic Groups (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002), p. 37

    2002

  54. [54]

    J. M. Wynn, P. V. C. Medeiros, A. Vasylenko, J. Sloan, D. Quigley, and A. J. Morris, Phase diagram of germanium telluride encapsulated in ܥ1, 073001 (2017)

    2017

  55. [55]

    M. I. Aroyo, L. Elcoro, G. de la Flor, and G. Madariaga, Crystallography online by the Bilbao Crystallographic Server: new online programs for the analysis of the symmetry of low-dimensional materials, Acta Crystallogr. A 79, C326 (2023)

    2023

  56. [56]

    Y. Teng, Y. Zhang, X. Xie, J. Yao, Z. Zhang, L. Geng, P. Zhao, C. Yang, W. Gong, X. Wang et al. , Interfacial Electron Transfer in PbI 2@Single- Walled Carbon Nanotube van der Waals Heterostructures for High- Stability Self-Powered Photodetectors, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146, 6231 (2024)

    2024

  57. [57]

    T. Che, S. Liu, Y. Wang, P. Zhao, C. Yang, X. Pan, H. Ji, L. Geng, Q. Sun, Z. Hu et al., Interfacial Charge Transfer in One-Dimensional AgBr Encapsulated inside Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Heterostructures, ACS Nano 18, 32569 (2024)

    2024

  58. [58]

    Soling, The Crystal Structure and Magnetic Susceptibility of CsCoCl3, Acta Chem

    H. Soling, The Crystal Structure and Magnetic Susceptibility of CsCoCl3, Acta Chem. Scand. 22, 2793 (1968)

    1968

  59. [59]

    Qin and L

    C. Qin and L. M. Peng, Measurement accuracy of the diameter of a carbon nanotube from TEM images, Phys. Rev. B 65, 155431 (2002)

    2002

  60. [60]

    Lu, T.-W

    W. Lu, T.-W. Chou, and B.-S. Kim, Radial deformation and its related energy variations of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Phys. Rev. B 83, 134113 (2011)

    2011

  61. [61]

    Authier, in International Tables for Crystallography, Volume D: Physical Properties of Crystals (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003), p

    A. Authier, in International Tables for Crystallography, Volume D: Physical Properties of Crystals (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003), p. 11

    2003

  62. [62]

    Wu and C

    J. Wu and C. Leighton, Glassy ferromagnetism and magnetic phase separation in La1-xSrxCoO3, Phys. Rev. B 67, 174408 (2003)

    2003

  63. [63]

    M. A. Korotin, S. Y. Ezhov, I. V. Solovyev, V. I. Anisimov, D. I. Khomskii, and G. A. Sawatzky, Intermediate-spin state and properties of LaCoO3, Phys. Rev. B 54, 5309 (1996)

    1996

  64. [64]

    G. A. Bain and J. F. Berry, Diamagnetic Corrections and Pascal's Constants, J. Chem. Educ. 85, 532 (2008)

    2008

  65. [65]

    V. A. Eremina, T. Eremin, H. Jiang, R. Dhama, J. Odutola, H. Caglayan, N. V. Tkachenko, and P. A. Obraztsov, 1D Light-Emitting MAPbBr3 Perovskite Encapsulated in Carbon Nanotubes, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2503397 (2025). Supplementary information for ‘Structural properties of one-dimensional Cs2CoCl4 ݆ Jaskaran S. Mangat,1 Yu Lei,2 Matthew Weyland,3,4 Yisong H...

    2025

  66. [66]

    [100] Cs2.083CoCl3.417 𝓅4/mcc (× 2 supercell) a ≈ 18.4 Å b ≈ 18.4 Å c ≈ 14.5 Å a b c ~1.3 nm SWCNT ~2.6 nm SWCNT FIG. S6. ēđĔāēĔđÿċ Čÿď ĒĆĎĖćčą ēĆă đăċÿēćĎčĒĆćďĒ ĀăēĖăăč ēĆă ĀĔċĊ ÿčĂ āĎčʐʒčăĂ ĒēđĔāēĔđăĒ ĎĄ Ē2CoCl4. The [001] čČ wide SWCNTs whilst maintaining the ternary chemical composition of the precursor; whereas in ~2.6 nm wide SWCNTs the structure is...

  67. [67]

    [010] [001] c b Cs2CoCl4 Pnma (2 × 2 × 3.2 supercell) a = 9.7776(2), b = 7.4005(1), c = 12.9850(2) Å

  68. [68]

    [010] [001] c a b Cs3CoCl5 I4/mcm (2 × 2 × 3 supercell) a = 9.2315(15) Å b = 9.2315(15) Å c = 14.5535(24) Å [2]

  69. [69]

    Bagautdinov, J

    B. Bagautdinov, J. Luedecke, M. Schneider, and S. van Smaalen, Disorder in the Crystal Structure of Cs 2HgCl4 Studied by the Maximum Entropy Method, Acta Crystallogr. B 54, 626 (1998). ܡ ދޏވ Acta Crystallogr. B 37, 508 (1981). FIG. S7. (a, b) Model and ADF simulation of an alternative 𝓅mcm orthorhombic structure (lattice parameters a ≈ 7.6 Å, b ≈ 5.4 Å an...

    1998