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QCD constraints on isospin-dense matter and the nuclear equation of state

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arxiv 2406.09273 v3 pith:376LBC5U submitted 2024-06-13 hep-lat nucl-th

classification hep-latnucl-th
keywords chemicalmatterpotentialequationnuclearstatebaryonbounds
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

Understanding the behavior of dense hadronic matter is a central goal in nuclear physics as it governs the nature and dynamics of astrophysical objects such as supernovae and neutron stars. Because of the non-perturbative nature of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), little is known rigorously about hadronic matter in these extreme conditions. Here, lattice QCD calculations are used to compute thermodynamic quantities and the equation of state of QCD over a wide range of isospin chemical potentials with controlled systematic uncertainties. Agreement is seen with chiral perturbation theory when the chemical potential is small. Comparison to perturbative QCD at large chemical potential allows for an estimate of the gap in the superconducting phase, and this quantity is seen to agree with perturbative determinations. Since the partition function for an isospin chemical potential, $\mu_I$, bounds the partition function for a baryon chemical potential $\mu_B=3\mu_I/2$, these calculations also provide rigorous non-perturbative QCD bounds on the symmetric nuclear matter equation of state over a wide range of baryon densities for the first time.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

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  3. Renormalization group invariant mean-field model for QCD at finite isospin density

    hep-ph 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A renormalization-group invariant mean-field quark-meson model with one fitted scale reproduces lattice QCD thermodynamics at finite isospin density and predicts a multicritical chiral/pion-condensation point in the c...

  4. Microscopic constraints for the equation of state and structure of neutron stars: a Bayesian model mixing framework

    nucl-th 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A Bayesian model mixing framework using Gaussian processes extends chiral EFT and pQCD constraints to neutron star matter and demonstrates kernel-dependent equation of state and mass-radius predictions.

  5. Pion condensation at non-zero isospin chemical potential with Wilson fermions

    hep-lat 2025-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Using Wilson fermions on the lattice, the onset of pion condensation is observed at an isospin chemical potential slightly below m_pi/2, consistent with earlier staggered-fermion results.

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