Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 27 of 27 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2507.16989.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2507.16989 v1

Coverage vector

measured 27 of 27 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.296938Z

measured 27 of 27 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

27 of 27 outbound references displayed

verified exact3
verified fuzzy0
unresolved24
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 780132ec-8208-4be3-892d-74ca17fbeae7 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.209096Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5dd84de2-2fc0-4661-8a83-5f11bd54fd4f · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.212762Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ba4f25fe-c8f1-4c9c-8a83-058a9bd261e6 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Measuring and Modeling "Culture" in LLMs: A Survey.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Towards Measuring and Modeling "Culture" in LLMs: A Survey

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.216113Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c7b5168f-2033-4498-9609-31eb40e966fd · outbound

This paper cites Enriching Datasets with Demographics through Large Language Models: What's in a Name?.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Enriching Datasets with Demographics through Large Language Models: What's in a Name?

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.219849Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f9800df2-1b17-4a50-b49a-5b29524d6f40 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Implicit Bias in Explicitly Unbiased Large Language Models.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Measuring Implicit Bias in Explicitly Unbiased Large Language Models

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.223360Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9cfa244d-a657-46d5-975e-285f0a424bb6 · outbound

This paper cites Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.226683Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d1cb8693-ff77-4375-8636-502574c0c7a9 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Political Bias in Large Language Models: What Is Said and How It Is Said.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Measuring Political Bias in Large Language Models: What Is Said and How It Is Said

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.230018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a6347c0e-4dee-49f3-9c17-2f57437d7856 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.629176Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation bf8a8194-6ee8-483a-9598-8dc8895469ce · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.620469Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 2856d535-9716-4bd9-980c-f4973edfa4f9 · outbound

This paper cites Empowering Many, Biasing a Few: Generalist Credit Scoring through Large Language Models.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Empowering Many, Biasing a Few: Generalist Credit Scoring through Large Language Models

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.240028Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dc29e526-4415-40de-a2ad-6267ce961d01 · outbound

This paper cites Application of LLM Agents in Recruitment: A Novel Framework for Resume Screening.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Application of LLM Agents in Recruitment: A Novel Framework for Resume Screening

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.243359Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4d079846-2dcc-4623-a984-16db97d7b9ac · outbound

This paper cites Social Bias Evaluation for Large Language Models Requires Prompt Variations.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Social Bias Evaluation for Large Language Models Requires Prompt Variations

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.246985Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e6d6df75-0df6-4edc-b5a5-8142e7fcad51 · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Mistral 7B

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.251017Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8b9278fc-72fc-4561-91fe-c95fc7d19d09 · outbound

This paper cites Exploring Changes in Nation Perception with Nationality-Assigned Personas in LLMs.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Exploring Changes in Nation Perception with Nationality-Assigned Personas in LLMs

Reference 14

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.496445Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation fc56e69d-3624-42ee-994e-b4f623f2adea · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.257642Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d1dc18cf-3a23-4fb7-88ca-c6f248c0f49e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.260878Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fa1cbc6e-f9e7-4bc1-9d22-d219665cb791 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.606043Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 31d5cb69-7d5e-4132-9096-e690391a187f · outbound

This paper cites BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.266770Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 462f2153-2b3d-4787-a2bc-7def160597e9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.596906Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 994c9705-abfd-4b31-a435-5bc4be0400c1 · outbound

This paper cites From Prejudice to Parity: A New Approach to Debiasing Large Language Model Word Embeddings.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks From Prejudice to Parity: A New Approach to Debiasing Large Language Model Word Embeddings

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.273911Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9f27fb96-daed-46e2-8e4d-8d5d12dba481 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond Performance: Quantifying and Mitigating Label Bias in LLMs.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Beyond Performance: Quantifying and Mitigating Label Bias in LLMs

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.276985Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4f60e377-cda5-41ff-aa27-4b22cb372003 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating LLMs for Gender Disparities in Notable Persons.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Evaluating LLMs for Gender Disparities in Notable Persons

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.370140Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 68e4dabc-5b3c-408e-ba54-e7842f7398c7 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.283514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation de64f53a-635a-4e81-b3e4-a2fe7623c0bd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.588118Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 1c7eeb90-8795-4caa-8f39-cc51e55e2ae5 · outbound

This paper cites "Kelly is a Warm Person, Joseph is a Role Model": Gender Biases in LLM-Generated Reference Letters.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks "Kelly is a Warm Person, Joseph is a Role Model": Gender Biases in LLM-Generated Reference Letters

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.290151Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7e1ff625-984d-4233-b716-53f75edd6be8 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond Binary Gender Labels: Revealing Gender Biases in LLMs through Gender-Neutral Name Predictions.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Beyond Binary Gender Labels: Revealing Gender Biases in LLMs through Gender-Neutral Name Predictions

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.337072Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 50dd944f-7d48-4640-9169-4d9797f47acc · outbound

This paper cites Red teaming ChatGPT via Jailbreaking: Bias, Robustness, Reliability and Toxicity.

Obscured but Not Erased: Evaluating Nationality Bias in LLMs via Name-Based Bias Benchmarks Red teaming ChatGPT via Jailbreaking: Bias, Robustness, Reliability and Toxicity

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:02:35.296938Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.