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Beaming in Gamma-Ray Bursts: Evidence for a Standard Energy Reservoir

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arxiv astro-ph/0102282 v1 pith:4SHZBT3P submitted 2001-02-15 astro-ph

D. A. Frail , S. R. Kulkarni , R. Sari , S. G. Djorgovski , J. S. Bloom , T. J. Galama , D. E. Reichart , E. Berger
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F. A. Harrison P. A. Price S. A. Yost A. Diercks R. W. Goodrich F. Chaffee
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keywords grbsenergygamma-rayanglesburstsgeometryopeningrate
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Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most brilliant objects in the Universe but efforts to estimate the total energy released in the explosion -- a crucial physical quantity -- have been stymied by their unknown geometry: spheres or cones. We report on a comprehensive analysis of GRB afterglows and derive their conical opening angles. We find that the gamma-ray energy release, corrected for geometry, is narrowly clustered around 5x10**50 erg. We draw three conclusions. First, the central engines of GRBs release energies that are comparable to ordinary supernovae, suggesting a connection. Second, the wide variation in fluence and luminosity of GRBs is due entirely to a distribution of opening angles. Third, only a small fraction of GRBs are visible to a given observer and the true GRB rate is at least a factor of 500 times larger than the observed rate.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Early Multiwavelength Observations of AT 2026fgk: The Luminous Afterglow to Sub-luminous GRB 260310A, Identified Independently of a Gamma-ray Trigger

    astro-ph.HE 2026-06 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

    First blind optical identification of a z=0.153 sub-luminous GRB afterglow with Ic-BL SN, yielding a volumetric rate consistent with on-axis high-luminosity long GRBs.

  2. EuraGovExam: A Multilingual Multimodal Benchmark from Real-World Civil Service Exams

    cs.CV 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    EuraGovExam is a real-exam, image-only multilingual multimodal benchmark on which state-of-the-art VLMs reach only ~86% accuracy.

  3. A review of long lasting activities of the central engine of gamma-ray bursts

    astro-ph.HE 2025-01 unverdicted novelty 1.0 of 10

    A review of ultra-long gamma-ray bursts and X-ray plateau phases as evidence that the central engine keeps working long after the first flash.

  4. Gamma-ray bursts: what do we know today that we did not know 10 years ago?

    astro-ph.HE 2024-12 unverdicted

    A review of the past decade of gamma-ray burst research, highlighting structured jets, GR-MHD simulations, TeV detections, and the contested idea that many GRBs have moderate Lorentz factors.

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