Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 29 of 29 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.05359.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.05359 v1

Coverage vector

measured 29 of 29 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:41.496527Z

measured 29 of 29 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

29 of 29 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy2
unresolved23
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 80ad3410-18c5-448c-ae9f-c1244dbe26a3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:45.187386Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 5640e635-400b-4c07-b231-9c97e8595805 · outbound

This paper cites In: Interspeech 2022.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training In: Interspeech 2022

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:38.154093Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ea0c4831-08c4-420f-bd0c-fecfb6f48080 · outbound

This paper cites In: Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training In: Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:44.715812Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation a6ea27cd-d4f3-402c-9a64-a287893e2866 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:44.379017Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 62f5a60b-48c3-4353-b217-c83efa9fc2c5 · outbound

This paper cites In: Interspeech 2021.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training In: Interspeech 2021

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:38.553816Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 41492c5a-1960-464a-a88b-689d5407a046 · outbound

This paper cites IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 16(6), 1505–1518 (2022).

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 16(6), 1505–1518 (2022)

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:38.674057Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e0c0fe02-31a1-45e9-8cc5-b5d92eee7344 · outbound

This paper cites In: Al-Onaizan, Y ., Bansal, M., Chen, Y .N.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training In: Al-Onaizan, Y ., Bansal, M., Chen, Y .N

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:42.249594Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 11f03851-e677-4215-b44e-f17e27cdb100 · outbound

This paper cites The People's Speech: A Large-Scale Diverse English Speech Recognition Dataset for Commercial Usage.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training The People's Speech: A Large-Scale Diverse English Speech Recognition Dataset for Commercial Usage

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:38.926567Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ab53ccd9-9878-4fb0-83c5-9de9e9bfc270 · outbound

This paper cites Textually Pretrained Speech Language Models.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training Textually Pretrained Speech Language Models

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:39.130213Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4e099185-d1a9-4b45-9e82-ce4bfcb774a8 · outbound

This paper cites IEEE/ACM Trans.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training IEEE/ACM Trans

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:39.253438Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 588fb598-50d1-4eed-bf23-16c721330d10 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:43.997504Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 205651b9-467b-4b37-8d0e-d662e63fb0b0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:43.652048Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation aa1561d6-d67e-4a25-8179-cb6f863324e1 · outbound

This paper cites Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 9, 1336–1354 (2021).

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 9, 1336–1354 (2021)

Reference 13

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:39.679308Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a26a5b94-5b90-45f3-9dfd-7c30c49d8623 · outbound

This paper cites In: International Confer- ence on Learning Representations (2019), https://openreview.net/forum?id= Bkg6RiCqY7.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training In: International Confer- ence on Learning Representations (2019), https://openreview.net/forum?id= Bkg6RiCqY7

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:43.365958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation e27bc955-3675-4b8c-8c77-2c22286d257f · outbound

This paper cites Voxtlm: unified decoder-only models for consolidating speech recognition/synthesis and speech/text continuation tasks.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training Voxtlm: unified decoder-only models for consolidating speech recognition/synthesis and speech/text continuation tasks

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:39.960813Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 49e21257-d482-4f1c-83ab-e2a42fb8a2ed · outbound

This paper cites In: Interspeech 2017.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training In: Interspeech 2017

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:40.175913Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9127ad96-fd4a-4e9c-b4af-12c39d7984c8 · outbound

This paper cites DASB - Discrete Audio and Speech Benchmark.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training DASB - Discrete Audio and Speech Benchmark

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:40.339604Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 948aa07e-e75c-45e1-a406-5356ea23aaad · outbound

This paper cites Spirit LM: Interleaved Spoken and Written Language Model.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training Spirit LM: Interleaved Spoken and Written Language Model

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:40.479082Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0de3952e-9d1e-4565-b644-98ba2a085d6d · outbound

This paper cites https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTSP.2022.3200909.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTSP.2022.3200909

Reference 19

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:42.859161Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation d9eaf1bc-9078-4e9a-8637-9485b5aaa5c9 · outbound

This paper cites The Zero Resource Speech Benchmark 2021: Metrics and baselines for unsupervised spoken language modeling.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training The Zero Resource Speech Benchmark 2021: Metrics and baselines for unsupervised spoken language modeling

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:40.660528Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ec34cfe5-5d0c-4a6e-a0dd-be4939390dd0 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:40.762480Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d36aab44-469b-41ff-a849-f509cc28ec56 · outbound

This paper cites In: 2015 IEEE International Confer- ence on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP).

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training In: 2015 IEEE International Confer- ence on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:40.890328Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bdc57484-ab45-4344-81a6-cc8ad8a825dc · outbound

This paper cites In: 2021 IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop (ASRU).

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training In: 2021 IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop (ASRU)

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:41.002652Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation da58e3a3-a7a8-412a-8d4d-d6a2302c7b6e · outbound

This paper cites In: ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Con- ference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP).

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training In: ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Con- ference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:41.089862Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f3e4cb03-26c7-469c-b514-350dbc341096 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:41.193410Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8b5f5e5a-062b-4ae2-8e23-0c0a2263f7d6 · outbound

This paper cites In: Interspeech 2023.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training In: Interspeech 2023

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:41.882500Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation a4407fe5-fb24-4538-b95f-ae677ddbc10a · outbound

This paper cites GLM-4-Voice: Towards Intelligent and Human-Like End-to-End Spoken Chatbot.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training GLM-4-Voice: Towards Intelligent and Human-Like End-to-End Spoken Chatbot

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:41.369932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0be44166-4d2a-4af7-b3c4-8117fb1bf908 · outbound

This paper cites SpeechGPT: Empowering Large Language Models with Intrinsic Cross-Modal Conversational Abilities.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training SpeechGPT: Empowering Large Language Models with Intrinsic Cross-Modal Conversational Abilities

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:41.496527Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1d5b15c1-c4d2-47f5-8481-1c981be1f5f3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Analysis of Discrete Unit Representations in Speech Language Modeling Pre-training Unresolved cited work

Reference 4222

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:53:44.957590Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.