Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 18 of 18 outbound references and 7 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.23754.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.23754 v2

Coverage vector

measured 18 of 18 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:46.480307Z

measured 25 of 25 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 7 of 7 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T04:18:39.132366Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-07-10T18:17:33.798014Z

Reference resolution

18 of 18 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy11
unresolved7
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 253b45ca-e9c0-48cf-a696-95e2c0f98507 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:49.715856Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 48d43992-7698-456e-a41b-3845eacdccd0 · outbound

This paper cites Let f:R→C be a smooth function,.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning Let f:R→C be a smooth function,

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:49.464855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 59deccb0-7488-468b-b8e1-d404581c78f5 · outbound

This paper cites \boxed{proved}.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning \boxed{proved}

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:47.316222Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 3c1ae800-fa5a-46a3-8b81-c549af586aec · outbound

This paper cites ‘ { "score.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning ‘ { "score

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:46.763511Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation afcf5665-b628-4019-9dd7-96fb2b6bf6d3 · outbound

This paper cites - Check for adherence to mathematical definitions, theorems, or properties cited in the step.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning - Check for adherence to mathematical definitions, theorems, or properties cited in the step

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:49.227339Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 39e08ccb-74ab-47d0-946a-0219dc76dbff · outbound

This paper cites - If invalid, return False and summarize the critical errors and recommend how to fix the proof/disproof.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning - If invalid, return False and summarize the critical errors and recommend how to fix the proof/disproof

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:49.072265Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation bd726dd9-de17-40b3-859d-8b6104207385 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:48.952779Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 126e02a0-2b0e-4c7b-9791-a91b8f2adf12 · outbound

This paper cites === report over ===.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning === report over ===

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:48.509993Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation a9887fe5-1506-4679-bd78-994fc1cbaa72 · outbound

This paper cites ‘json {.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning ‘json {

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:48.263493Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation a4599d7f-3a94-4426-8cad-79817e5247fd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:48.785461Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 3379af0d-c401-46a4-bb72-dce7e7c7db45 · outbound

This paper cites Other" to the corresponding branch. For example: Algebra -> Intermediate Algebra -> Other. Only the LAST NODE is allowed to be.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning Other" to the corresponding branch. For example: Algebra -> Intermediate Algebra -> Other. Only the LAST NODE is allowed to be

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:48.047166Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 4f5a3154-b0a1-4a44-a5f5-0c6b5a3c1206 · outbound

This paper cites prove or disprove.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning prove or disprove

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:47.831268Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 7279559a-0142-4f16-87b9-55bcfd241673 · outbound

This paper cites since we proved x=y , the statement x<y is disproved.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning since we proved x=y , the statement x<y is disproved

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:47.606439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 94518ae9-cb5c-40b9-8734-07a6a75fe6ee · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:46.200622Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1025e0b5-c309-4d85-99f1-409734851b75 · outbound

This paper cites Flag any logical errors.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning Flag any logical errors

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:47.146103Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 831a194c-5c32-41db-ae4c-afae9194aa4c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:46.935889Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 64735958-305a-4916-92e5-28b9be3ffaec · outbound

This paper cites What is the capital of France?.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning What is the capital of France?

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:44.736086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 492bc7a7-4f92-4bde-857d-5c6c631216f7 · outbound

This paper cites Open-Reasoner-Zero: An Open Source Approach to Scaling Up Reinforcement Learning on the Base Model.

DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning Open-Reasoner-Zero: An Open Source Approach to Scaling Up Reinforcement Learning on the Base Model

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:44.587597Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 433988b7-2bc8-4b3d-8835-dbc4e74d7e36 · inbound

Beyond Gold Standards: Epistemic Ensemble of LLM Judges for Formal Mathematical Reasoning cites this paper.

Beyond Gold Standards: Epistemic Ensemble of LLM Judges for Formal Mathematical Reasoning DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:18:39.132366Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f29534e2-07d8-4d36-83ac-1b05ebe13ea5 · inbound

Learning to Reason with Insight for Informal Theorem Proving cites this paper.

Learning to Reason with Insight for Informal Theorem Proving DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning

Reference 2

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T08:53:04.873243Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation fb3ea233-d89d-488a-8b38-3707d39e6771 · inbound

OptProver: Bridging Olympiad and Optimization through Continual Training in Formal Theorem Proving cites this paper.

OptProver: Bridging Olympiad and Optimization through Continual Training in Formal Theorem Proving DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning

Reference 34

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T21:11:16.211148Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 512ae2c2-7fc5-4d6f-ba82-4279e2f50625 · inbound

Artificial Intelligence for Mathematical Reasoning: An Integrated Survey of Language Models, Neuro-symbolic Systems, and Verified Discovery cites this paper.

Artificial Intelligence for Mathematical Reasoning: An Integrated Survey of Language Models, Neuro-symbolic Systems, and Verified Discovery DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning

Reference 201

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T22:47:25.871094Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 30042887-c63a-4dac-b0d3-30814b93582f · inbound

Artificial Intelligence for Mathematical Reasoning: An Integrated Survey of Language Models, Neuro-symbolic Systems, and Verified Discovery cites this paper.

Reference 203

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T12:05:18.196322Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 42e619b2-7556-421e-bc75-16f39d5103dd · inbound

From Solvers to Research: Large Language Model-Driven Formal Mathematics at the Research Frontier cites this paper.

From Solvers to Research: Large Language Model-Driven Formal Mathematics at the Research Frontier DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning

Reference 299

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-10T18:17:33.799184Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 55de8454-f5f5-4d43-8286-cb072f624e11 · inbound

AdvancedMathBench: A Benchmark Suite for Advanced Mathematical Proof Generation and Verification cites this paper.

AdvancedMathBench: A Benchmark Suite for Advanced Mathematical Proof Generation and Verification DeepTheorem: Advancing LLM Reasoning for Theorem Proving Through Natural Language and Reinforcement Learning

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T02:43:21.225324Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.