Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 65 of 65 outbound references and 4 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.09890.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.09890 v1

Coverage vector

measured 65 of 65 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:46.982482Z

measured 69 of 69 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 4 of 4 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-02T16:34:02.876332Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-21T06:03:59.216693Z

Reference resolution

65 of 65 outbound references displayed

verified exact5
verified fuzzy1
unresolved59
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 8f593fba-aa57-41c3-bbc3-eb7d29d5be50 · outbound

This paper cites URL: " 'urlintro :=.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language URL: " 'urlintro :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:35.599799Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1b9eee30-327b-4e88-87b3-dea1483cee18 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:37.725344Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e029a5d8-ebfa-4092-bbfd-c16d1f6f45d9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:53.368357Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 9e3f0367-0bbc-450a-ae1f-5d903a2299a2 · outbound

This paper cites sPhinX: Sample Efficient Multilingual Instruction Fine-Tuning Through N-shot Guided Prompting.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language sPhinX: Sample Efficient Multilingual Instruction Fine-Tuning Through N-shot Guided Prompting

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:49.300020Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation a6b1ea66-efd1-4ae4-95eb-4f8be2c0c065 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen Technical Report.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Qwen Technical Report

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:38.403956Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e6165b07-a4d8-48ef-87da-5325b538fde3 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models Share Representations of Latent Grammatical Concepts Across Typologically Diverse Languages.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Large Language Models Share Representations of Latent Grammatical Concepts Across Typologically Diverse Languages

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:38.559062Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 91c9e8fe-73fd-4b55-a100-d5820bc6db2f · outbound

This paper cites Lifelong Language Pretraining with Distribution-Specialized Experts.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Lifelong Language Pretraining with Distribution-Specialized Experts

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:38.767880Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b4f8637f-a8db-4955-a4df-8dff148e7e3e · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:38.906931Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f99972fe-15e7-462a-9bdb-121df9b6c1f8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:39.104560Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3e3f649e-ff2e-4983-9ff4-e1fa9693ac18 · outbound

This paper cites Efficient and Effective Text Encoding for Chinese LLaMA and Alpaca.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Efficient and Effective Text Encoding for Chinese LLaMA and Alpaca

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:39.177349Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 90fcbd11-ae4e-4e91-ba5b-409cf5c393b9 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:39.349020Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1ae16200-8f57-4cb9-953f-35b6b46203f6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:53.070447Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation b216d55c-d151-4a02-a9d4-e2078f5c1b73 · outbound

This paper cites Do Multilingual Language Models Think Better in English?.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Do Multilingual Language Models Think Better in English?

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:39.618788Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d4a03660-9998-49dd-998f-e4d52998ec58 · outbound

This paper cites How Do Multilingual Language Models Remember Facts?.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language How Do Multilingual Language Models Remember Facts?

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:39.786467Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f9414051-072b-4df9-ac46-daa95bad177d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:52.740997Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation ebdb6e84-578f-474d-8c7a-c138d1c03c9e · outbound

This paper cites Continual Pre-Training for Cross-Lingual LLM Adaptation: Enhancing Japanese Language Capabilities.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Continual Pre-Training for Cross-Lingual LLM Adaptation: Enhancing Japanese Language Capabilities

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:40.113345Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9d28c68e-958d-4f9d-8b06-f706f42b5390 · outbound

This paper cites Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:40.435878Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bf69b61f-bf91-4139-ab2a-52b3f101a03a · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:40.528839Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 08ee8319-48fa-4a34-b417-6797fc895300 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:40.606702Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6a55ba5d-a05a-4633-ab6f-2c15a2432912 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:52.395367Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 74b85daf-1914-464d-9e7f-266bc2f8710a · outbound

This paper cites Few-Shot Cross-Lingual Stance Detection with Sentiment-Based Pre-Training.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Few-Shot Cross-Lingual Stance Detection with Sentiment-Based Pre-Training

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:48.783160Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 8d474aaa-77d9-410a-8123-b269a3450c9a · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:40.887622Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c2fd1815-6a7a-42f4-a5e4-d2a67973b1df · outbound

This paper cites Not All Languages Are Created Equal in LLMs: Improving Multilingual Capability by Cross-Lingual-Thought Prompting.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Not All Languages Are Created Equal in LLMs: Improving Multilingual Capability by Cross-Lingual-Thought Prompting

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:40.947424Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aa43ae31-f905-41bc-9a74-0a8983ef7bc2 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4o System Card.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language GPT-4o System Card

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:41.092598Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e1f7330c-f641-45b0-b02c-e419d49d9529 · outbound

This paper cites RomanSetu: Efficiently unlocking multilingual capabilities of Large Language Models via Romanization.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language RomanSetu: Efficiently unlocking multilingual capabilities of Large Language Models via Romanization

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:48.403596Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 92c0374d-cb50-4676-944c-1f1add30e609 · outbound

This paper cites Improving Multilingual Instruction Finetuning via Linguistically Natural and Diverse Datasets.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Improving Multilingual Instruction Finetuning via Linguistically Natural and Diverse Datasets

Reference 27

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:48.003267Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 50cb3ede-2999-420f-bb11-a3d37b42760e · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 3 Technical Report.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Gemma 3 Technical Report

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:41.402153Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 617a1c42-7364-4a8a-af14-a5b67c848f6c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:52.081248Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 16136ff5-6d8f-4086-9eac-4359e7fdb801 · outbound

This paper cites Teaching Llama a New Language Through Cross-Lingual Knowledge Transfer.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Teaching Llama a New Language Through Cross-Lingual Knowledge Transfer

Reference 30

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:47.657331Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation d3633041-acff-4125-8265-bd6d2e5276f9 · outbound

This paper cites mCoT: Multilingual Instruction Tuning for Reasoning Consistency in Language Models.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language mCoT: Multilingual Instruction Tuning for Reasoning Consistency in Language Models

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:41.770408Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e19d6b6d-5385-400d-8660-d5b87b42977a · outbound

This paper cites Okapi: Instruction-tuned Large Language Models in Multiple Languages with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Okapi: Instruction-tuned Large Language Models in Multiple Languages with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:41.874603Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c02b0350-57c7-4b10-a12c-3a357cd4cc41 · outbound

This paper cites Cross-lingual Language Model Pretraining.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Cross-lingual Language Model Pretraining

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:41.983965Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 57dfb773-f141-4f32-ac88-c2289747e66e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:42.098142Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 441ed0c0-c784-4fff-ac97-d03d3fa90f39 · outbound

This paper cites Is Translation All You Need? A Study on Solving Multilingual Tasks with Large Language Models.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Is Translation All You Need? A Study on Solving Multilingual Tasks with Large Language Models

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:42.303848Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9c9b60fc-81fd-4a78-8519-9f905dd57e79 · outbound

This paper cites LLM-jp: A Cross-organizational Project for the Research and Development of Fully Open Japanese LLMs.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language LLM-jp: A Cross-organizational Project for the Research and Development of Fully Open Japanese LLMs

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:42.406372Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ac6c754e-7f41-4d73-830c-69b40b620b9b · outbound

This paper cites Crosslingual Generalization through Multitask Finetuning.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Crosslingual Generalization through Multitask Finetuning

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:42.538532Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation de71eb8a-269a-4a71-bdb0-a748844b9e2d · outbound

This paper cites Progress measures for grokking via mechanistic interpretability.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Progress measures for grokking via mechanistic interpretability

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:42.649011Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dc8dfb38-e900-490b-8518-5a02ab197be5 · outbound

This paper cites Rossi, and Thien Huu Nguyen.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Rossi, and Thien Huu Nguyen

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:51.810201Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 852e1569-cba5-479a-92b8-00ebdc01ebd8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:51.462983Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation daad69f1-8df1-4233-a361-6e3aac673c5c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:42.847701Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3210076f-d6f2-4cab-9ade-6a79189da22f · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:42.929901Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2b531e21-2dd6-471c-9cf6-be777edf1928 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:51.144274Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 2be0609e-823c-49af-a49b-908788c5b660 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:43.123562Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 971ddc7d-3fc8-42f1-adb7-d6b0b81c5c6a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:50.847561Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation fd4df91b-1554-4187-9ee8-39dab632f88b · outbound

This paper cites Do Multilingual LLMs Think In English?.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Do Multilingual LLMs Think In English?

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:43.491399Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8ae4d1fb-0bdc-4c51-816a-63e6e5f0f7c3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:50.442787Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 2e8316a9-7e36-4468-a6e0-ca7b604b1165 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:43.728754Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e0048a72-368e-4c2f-aa3a-26dbec130b0c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:43.822415Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dddf1910-9b67-4bc4-adf4-a8186f90124c · outbound

This paper cites Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context

Reference 52

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:43.967326Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2845267e-03d5-4782-b77f-9d05a72db06e · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 53

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:44.159392Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5ba21057-6201-4bec-8410-bb85cf92f760 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 54

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:44.384465Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c529f85a-8910-4154-9c0f-e65292b9f934 · outbound

This paper cites Aya Model: An Instruction Finetuned Open-Access Multilingual Language Model.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Aya Model: An Instruction Finetuned Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

Reference 55

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:44.547375Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 92ba45d3-22c7-408d-96d6-666415d27772 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 56

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:50.012462Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 54b3844e-d63c-4c83-921a-c99c442cd4f6 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models are Good Multi-lingual Learners : When LLMs Meet Cross-lingual Prompts.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Large Language Models are Good Multi-lingual Learners : When LLMs Meet Cross-lingual Prompts

Reference 57

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:44.973897Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 58e54cb6-3864-4281-8506-ddef18c42327 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 58

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:45.150662Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 012d583c-efd7-4797-b863-98f6bd8fd3cd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 59

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:45.348220Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d0ecb230-2323-4394-af66-90b1031aed03 · outbound

This paper cites The Semantic Hub Hypothesis: Language Models Share Semantic Representations Across Languages and Modalities.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language The Semantic Hub Hypothesis: Language Models Share Semantic Representations Across Languages and Modalities

Reference 60

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:45.503665Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 889bed60-4ffd-4f51-896c-480c9704c9fb · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2 Technical Report.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Qwen2 Technical Report

Reference 61

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:45.710244Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a49a7384-27db-4fa1-959e-6e071de35af8 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 62

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Observation e5493c26-0cd4-4fc5-94e2-4bcd989c0b2e · outbound

This paper cites AutoCAP: Towards Automatic Cross-lingual Alignment Planning for Zero-shot Chain-of-Thought.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language AutoCAP: Towards Automatic Cross-lingual Alignment Planning for Zero-shot Chain-of-Thought

Reference 63

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:46.073110Z

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Observation b17d39ef-11ff-4156-8928-e1605735500f · outbound

This paper cites CPM-2: Large-scale Cost-effective Pre-trained Language Models.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language CPM-2: Large-scale Cost-effective Pre-trained Language Models

Reference 64

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:46.234950Z

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Observation 9ac50586-9e75-4245-94f7-98f12d3f0e1c · outbound

This paper cites Babel: Open Multilingual Large Language Models Serving Over 90% of Global Speakers.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Babel: Open Multilingual Large Language Models Serving Over 90% of Global Speakers

Reference 65

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:46.395537Z

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Observation ffde34f4-6bb4-4073-b93d-beef26c86d0f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Unresolved cited work

Reference 66

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Observation 97655d94-bf3b-47de-b7e9-689546afdea5 · outbound

This paper cites AdaMergeX: Cross-Lingual Transfer with Large Language Models via Adaptive Adapter Merging.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language AdaMergeX: Cross-Lingual Transfer with Large Language Models via Adaptive Adapter Merging

Reference 67

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:46.806545Z

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Observation 7221cdc9-a9a7-4d26-a66f-bf9d6923dc3f · outbound

This paper cites Beyond English-Centric LLMs: What Language Do Multilingual Language Models Think in?.

The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language Beyond English-Centric LLMs: What Language Do Multilingual Language Models Think in?

Reference 68

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:43:46.982482Z

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Pith citing papers

Observation d1dce953-bb5e-46cd-8811-ddcae6deca3f · inbound

Targeted Interpretable Safety Neuron Enhancement for Multilingual Vision-Language Large Models cites this paper.

Targeted Interpretable Safety Neuron Enhancement for Multilingual Vision-Language Large Models The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T05:20:57.990278Z

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Observation aa6b0c99-a59d-4220-bb3e-e69a818024a0 · inbound

Targeted Interpretable Safety Neuron Enhancement for Multilingual Vision-Language Large Models cites this paper.

Targeted Interpretable Safety Neuron Enhancement for Multilingual Vision-Language Large Models The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T16:34:02.876332Z

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Observation f3ea5149-640b-4a85-a039-2449e790a0a0 · inbound

From Circuit Evidence to Mechanistic Theory: An Inductive Logic Approach cites this paper.

From Circuit Evidence to Mechanistic Theory: An Inductive Logic Approach The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language

Reference 42

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T06:03:59.218559Z

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Observation 9b14b217-0af7-4e06-94ec-d57e4102de52 · inbound

One Anchor for All: Unified Multilingual and Multimodal Safety Alignment for LVLMs cites this paper.

One Anchor for All: Unified Multilingual and Multimodal Safety Alignment for LVLMs The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-31T23:07:40.584497Z

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