Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.865686Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 56 of 56 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.15557.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.865686Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T14:55:56.666623Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-15T05:19:46.615078Z
56 of 56 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation cd5da5e4-d763-425d-8245-21bb7407f39c · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems A review of dialogue systems: current trends and future directions,
Reference 1
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Observation 069dff8c-2df6-49a9-84bd-42f5311879f6 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Software testing of generative ai systems: Challenges and opportunities,
Reference 2
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Observation 6fa4f9ae-75d9-449a-9f38-3471c356838e · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Hotpotqa: A dataset for diverse, explainable multi- hop question answering,
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 1fcf0792-1540-4255-b963-2876d245627f · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Decodingtrust: A comprehensive assessment of trustworthiness in gpt models
Reference 4
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Observation 499566f3-2434-4cdd-9078-95b8bb5a7bcd · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding
Reference 5
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Observation bb1c302b-7e4f-4c79-a870-5c3cbcf6c383 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmark
Reference 6
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Observation a7f683bf-66bc-40a8-9c36-4172a54a3a27 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems A survey on evaluation of large language models,
Reference 7
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Observation 769be06d-e7b7-47a2-95e8-08677ad9b1a5 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems ShareGPT Data,
Reference 8
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Observation 75876efb-9200-462b-8abe-be8ed00a86b0 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems LLM Defenses Are Not Robust to Multi-Turn Human Jailbreaks Yet
Reference 9
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Observation 122dbb91-1f5a-4e53-a094-6b990a864e5c · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems MT-bench-101: A fine-grained benchmark for evaluating large language models in multi-turn dialogues,
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 662f4db7-c759-4fab-bdd2-7d671afac391 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Judging llm-as-a-judge with mt-bench and chatbot arena,
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation a903227b-2518-481d-9957-2412a706135e · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Appli- cation of metamorphic testing in numerical analysis,
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 1f1d8f1d-ec60-4c42-a527-4d7a36b44144 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Testing your question answering software via asking recursively,
Reference 14
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Observation 4f909497-011e-4753-9cdd-801c2411cbf4 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Metal: Metamorphic testing framework for analyzing large-language model qualities,
Reference 16
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Observation aedc3dfa-54dd-4ef7-9ee4-4b3686601f68 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Neural approaches to conversational ai,
Reference 17
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Observation 220a23ff-2156-4662-a256-d32c159d9f24 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Coqa: A conversational question answering challenge,
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 21103b77-a78f-42e8-98c3-2bd3807b01a7 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems A survey of dialogue system evaluation,
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation cebd7e80-5b9d-468f-adfc-b00a36abe7e8 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Evaluating Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey
Reference 20
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Observation 512b31bf-753c-402a-aa56-d99f9a4ad693 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems DialoGLUE: A Natural Language Understanding Benchmark for Task-Oriented Dialogue
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 03b49369-5801-459d-86ed-8da74b0d23b5 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Drowzee: Metamorphic testing for fact-conflicting hallucination detection in large language models,
Reference 22
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Observation 07ce1f3a-6e0d-4698-93b8-0d15661efa1d · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Leveraging large language models for nlg evaluation: Advances and challenges,
Reference 23
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Observation e166fa5e-c210-4f11-a55c-35b1573ba0f3 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems DialogBench: Evaluating LLMs as Human-like Dialogue Systems
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 68e838b5-9a1c-47fd-892c-7425c794e264 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems GSM-Symbolic: Understanding the Limitations of Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Models
Reference 25
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Observation 063417dd-fc9b-481b-a57c-626b2c45513d · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Parrot: Enhancing multi-turn instruction fol- lowing for large language models,
Reference 26
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Observation 83aea4ad-7624-47e5-8d3b-e0ca6f8fcdae · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems MT-Eval: A Multi-Turn Capabilities Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models
Reference 27
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Observation cc51e12d-9b0c-4636-b45d-2e8181925a91 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems MINT: Evaluating LLMs in Multi-turn Interaction with Tools and Language Feedback
Reference 28
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Observation 7745d24c-fa75-455a-acea-86af814f6c8d · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems BotChat: Evaluating LLMs’ capabilities of having multi-turn dialogues,
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 65f4c591-b58d-4cd9-91d7-b4680f66caf1 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems A survey on metamorphic testing,
Reference 30
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Observation 5efa980f-5fab-4174-8fdd-9fe24a249e5d · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Metamorphic Testing: A New Approach for Generating Next Test Cases
Reference 31
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Observation 25b83a0f-8c07-4164-a6b2-072fae49bc1f · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Metamorphic testing: A review of challenges and opportunities,
Reference 32
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Observation 613f4ce7-4151-4c5d-92ff-61037b05e7f4 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Machine learning test- ing: Survey, landscapes and horizons,
Reference 33
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Observation 0b89fa87-c083-4589-8a7f-e8d7d84baf51 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Natural test generation for precise testing of question answering software,
Reference 34
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Observation 31ac894d-a33b-4956-b466-07b1d114f783 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Dialtest: automated testing for recurrent- neural-network-driven dialogue systems,
Reference 35
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Observation 88e64ce3-1dea-4d28-8fce-c6cae94592b5 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems A metamorphic testing approach for assessing question answering systems,
Reference 36
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Observation 7d54273a-4860-4fdd-bd69-a2e27b4f9a5a · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Filling conversation ellipsis for better social dialog understanding,
Reference 37
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Observation 3805f2ee-723b-4c3e-b3d2-89f0d6c20690 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Mitkov,The Oxford handbook of computational linguistics
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 00292d6e-3572-46b5-9752-128585074f1d · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Anaphora and coreference resolution: A review,
Reference 39
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Observation 7660433f-916d-4a20-8e91-76ec2bf79167 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems From Local to Global: A Graph RAG Approach to Query-Focused Summarization
Reference 40
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Observation 3e36c39f-b3fe-41a0-80f8-8d8f09233ac6 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Extract, Define, Canonicalize: An LLM-based Framework for Knowledge Graph Construction
Reference 41
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Observation d24dfe24-c8f9-49e2-909c-4909b472331a · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Qwen2 Technical Report
Reference 42
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Observation f44c7dc7-1453-4dac-8ab4-83451743b9f2 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Mistral-7b-instruct-v0.3 model,
Reference 43
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Observation 27cfddac-bc88-45e5-b4de-b3e79efe66cc · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Llama 3 model card,
Reference 44
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Observation 7a902399-1bbe-4704-9bac-673685245328 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Team, “Gemma,” 2024
Reference 45
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Observation 48cab994-c9a8-41c6-875c-f3f5dfed7237 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Language mod- els are few-shot learners,
Reference 46
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Observation 3cfade8e-dcd7-4b77-9909-06065e854648 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text
Reference 47
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Observation 73425cfc-16c6-4d98-8ede-640a136c86db · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Know what you don’t know: Unanswerable questions for squad,
Reference 48
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Observation a9ee1099-ac90-4ccb-a621-636cee3cc764 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Mutual: A dataset for multi-turn dialogue reasoning,
Reference 49
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Observation 5f8fbf1b-aae6-4303-a4a9-1e1a3577189c · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems An Empirical Study of LLM-as-a-Judge for LLM Evaluation: Fine-tuned Judge Model is not a General Substitute for GPT-4
Reference 50
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Observation 49974e84-fefb-412e-92b3-d155e2db70f1 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Opal: Ontology- aware pretrained language model for end-to-end task-oriented dialogue,
Reference 51
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Observation 02a65745-8f11-4e92-a625-2cef3445f092 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems ChatIE: Zero-Shot Information Extraction via Chatting with ChatGPT
Reference 52
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Observation 922061ef-e2ae-4efb-b467-dcf04b1a6e54 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Testing graph database systems via graph-aware metamorphic relations,
Reference 53
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Observation e306b403-54b9-42bb-999f-e907642b6b4d · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Metamorphic testing for software quality assessment: A study of search engines,
Reference 54
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Observation ab95c28e-5f95-434d-a4fe-f873152f0a27 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Testing and validating machine learning classifiers by metamorphic testing,
Reference 55
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Observation d3df67be-58e4-4017-98f3-cbb6cbd6d54c · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Mttm: Metamorphic testing for textual content modera- tion software,
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 5429a64c-18d3-4640-acf7-84779a841497 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Ontology-based metamorphic testing for chatbots,
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation a3389b90-247f-4215-a836-8e2f7d0276a3 · outbound
MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Knowledge graph driven inference testing for question answering software,
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 74526514-5f58-4b19-a06b-67597f6aecc0 · inbound
Rethinking Testing for LLM Applications: Characteristics, Challenges, and a Lightweight Interaction Protocol MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 61500a84-b75f-47ec-b7ab-6ab4ed8e434e · inbound
Bidirectional Empowerment of Metamorphic Testing and Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
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