Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents

As of 11 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 46 of 46 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.22504.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.22504 v3

Coverage vector

measured 46 of 46 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:19.811483Z

measured 46 of 46 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

46 of 46 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy0
unresolved45
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 5e19b7ee-f0a9-4768-8598-8dbea015026b · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents write newline

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:14.268804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d07bbac8-99c6-4cd2-87a9-aa1e02e77d71 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 3 models.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Llama 3 models

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:14.390158Z

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Observation af7de01d-ebad-4268-b54c-87434c6f3bcd · outbound

This paper cites ReST meets ReAct: Self-Improvement for Multi-Step Reasoning LLM Agent.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents ReST meets ReAct: Self-Improvement for Multi-Step Reasoning LLM Agent

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:14.599607Z

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Observation 3d751a8e-f0a8-45e3-9085-a24626676f65 · outbound

This paper cites SWE-Bench+: Enhanced Coding Benchmark for LLMs.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents SWE-Bench+: Enhanced Coding Benchmark for LLMs

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:14.713072Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c6f75b12-9575-46ab-9693-e657c37e0db6 · outbound

This paper cites Balrog: Benchmarking agentic llm and vlm reasoning on games.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Balrog: Benchmarking agentic llm and vlm reasoning on games

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:14.874428Z

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Observation 275c63d0-dbad-41d5-abc0-e5fedade3f16 · outbound

This paper cites Claude 3 (haiku, sonnet).

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Claude 3 (haiku, sonnet)

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:14.986725Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 84cf6792-beda-4879-bd77-1847eaeb62cd · outbound

This paper cites An algorithm for computing the capacity of arbitrary discrete memoryless channels.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents An algorithm for computing the capacity of arbitrary discrete memoryless channels

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:15.158449Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4498c206-db3d-402c-bb85-f37e7924d682 · outbound

This paper cites wav2vec 2.0: A framework for self-supervised learning of speech representations.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents wav2vec 2.0: A framework for self-supervised learning of speech representations

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:15.296077Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bf1ed57a-3748-4b34-be46-ef211e5b978c · outbound

This paper cites Information prioritization through empowerment in visual model-based rl.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Information prioritization through empowerment in visual model-based rl

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:15.391671Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 211ac82b-c7e0-46c2-9762-70fa4031e5bf · outbound

This paper cites Llms struggle with perception, not reasoning (arc-agi).

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Llms struggle with perception, not reasoning (arc-agi)

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:15.516446Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 18cebc6b-e100-4c78-88b5-5bd08a9a839c · outbound

This paper cites Qwen 2.5 models.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Qwen 2.5 models

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:15.697167Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 5475d1a3-a0e4-403c-ab1f-a9eee68f417c · outbound

This paper cites Gemma models.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Gemma models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:15.779923Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation ee215531-1fe6-4abc-9289-60939ee6267a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:15.848689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation a03709b1-cb85-43c4-bd6a-42b47f5c06a6 · outbound

This paper cites Revisit the Arimoto-Blahut algorithm: New Analysis with Approximation.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Revisit the Arimoto-Blahut algorithm: New Analysis with Approximation

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:15.932661Z

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Observation ce16f66d-44b9-4f42-a6bc-bb7cd116249e · outbound

This paper cites Jina embeddings 2: 8192-token general-purpose text embeddings for long documents, 2023.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Jina embeddings 2: 8192-token general-purpose text embeddings for long documents, 2023

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:16.018031Z

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Observation ef472ddc-2f10-4cd9-9c4d-94ddc93b4d49 · outbound

This paper cites SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:16.093612Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 3d501c49-8f62-4c61-a6a8-36e3ebadbf55 · outbound

This paper cites Empowerment for continuous agent--environment systems.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Empowerment for continuous agent--environment systems

Reference 17

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-04T14:59:13.990814Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation a5bf51de-9d76-4085-bd29-747190314b87 · outbound

This paper cites Empowerment: A universal agent-centric measure of control.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Empowerment: A universal agent-centric measure of control

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:16.411532Z

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Observation d810cd2e-b55a-40fa-ae6e-819fec9d317d · outbound

This paper cites Are LLMs Effective Negotiators? Systematic Evaluation of the Multifaceted Capabilities of LLMs in Negotiation Dialogues.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Are LLMs Effective Negotiators? Systematic Evaluation of the Multifaceted Capabilities of LLMs in Negotiation Dialogues

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:16.593600Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 26d93b94-4743-427d-92ad-959928efe1e0 · outbound

This paper cites Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:16.690300Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 3cb8e7dd-9494-4154-a87a-198029914292 · outbound

This paper cites Le-Khac, Graham Healy, and Alan F.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Le-Khac, Graham Healy, and Alan F

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:16.795344Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 629f2450-74a5-4dcf-b49a-65904bb04f9f · outbound

This paper cites STRIDE: A Tool-Assisted LLM Agent Framework for Strategic and Interactive Decision-Making.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents STRIDE: A Tool-Assisted LLM Agent Framework for Strategic and Interactive Decision-Making

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:16.868191Z

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Observation 51e388bf-3621-4467-b3d9-70da87fa89b4 · outbound

This paper cites ZebraLogic: On the Scaling Limits of LLMs for Logical Reasoning.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents ZebraLogic: On the Scaling Limits of LLMs for Logical Reasoning

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:16.962827Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 564b90a6-2952-4def-9ddf-883dc07b490e · outbound

This paper cites VILA: On Pre-training for Visual Language Models.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents VILA: On Pre-training for Visual Language Models

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:17.092139Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 48a9c538-4d60-4b1d-bdbf-5ff31c71898f · outbound

This paper cites Variational information maximisation for intrinsically motivated reinforcement learning.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Variational information maximisation for intrinsically motivated reinforcement learning

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:17.162094Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6a825769-86b5-4e94-adf8-522d6baf05b2 · outbound

This paper cites Learning to Assist Humans without Inferring Rewards.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Learning to Assist Humans without Inferring Rewards

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:17.211444Z

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Observation 19671257-155b-4f78-9654-02311ae94094 · outbound

This paper cites Gpt-3.5 turbo.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Gpt-3.5 turbo

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:17.296801Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 7ef2155e-595f-429a-97bf-a21b5bd08cc5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:17.416866Z

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Observation 65886f1a-573b-418e-856a-3ac73ab602c8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:17.500154Z

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Observation 6af0d99b-d29d-47d0-8075-400087e407b5 · outbound

This paper cites Autonomous Evaluation and Refinement of Digital Agents.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Autonomous Evaluation and Refinement of Digital Agents

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:17.604910Z

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Observation 93071eb1-00da-4785-8cae-d7d45886470a · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Frontier Models for Dangerous Capabilities.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Evaluating Frontier Models for Dangerous Capabilities

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:17.688392Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9c6b891a-6c37-4b63-b07f-1a43208fcb0b · outbound

This paper cites Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:17.892413Z

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Observation 5f8431ac-0514-40fd-8b91-6f1deea83eb0 · outbound

This paper cites InfoNCE: Identifying the Gap Between Theory and Practice.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents InfoNCE: Identifying the Gap Between Theory and Practice

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:18.160662Z

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Observation c83a3c6b-dc19-45bb-994f-e31c1e74d7af · outbound

This paper cites Empowerment—an introduction.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Empowerment—an introduction

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:18.455535Z

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Observation 6113d919-51fc-43e4-9456-add712c61654 · outbound

This paper cites Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:18.554848Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 2c41b15a-eb3e-4234-89f6-a66182e4caad · outbound

This paper cites Stanley and Joel Lehman.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Stanley and Joel Lehman

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:18.629316Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 1e201d91-36b1-417b-b309-734031ca7edf · outbound

This paper cites Parametrically Retargetable Decision-Makers Tend To Seek Power.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Parametrically Retargetable Decision-Makers Tend To Seek Power

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:18.705603Z

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Observation b94a43fc-e047-4243-bf79-cae070782238 · outbound

This paper cites Optimal policies tend to seek power.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Optimal policies tend to seek power

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:18.824768Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f555413c-f106-4763-9fda-d7dad8fb9297 · outbound

This paper cites Multilingual E5 Text Embeddings: A Technical Report.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Multilingual E5 Text Embeddings: A Technical Report

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:19.004746Z

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Observation 1f8ace3e-861a-4217-b282-63f8738fb788 · outbound

This paper cites Osworld: Benchmarking multimodal agents for open-ended tasks in real computer environments, 2024.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Osworld: Benchmarking multimodal agents for open-ended tasks in real computer environments, 2024

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:19.184746Z

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Observation 21a7a1ac-48ea-46a0-a99c-33b7cac9d373 · outbound

This paper cites A-MEM: Agentic Memory for LLM Agents.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents A-MEM: Agentic Memory for LLM Agents

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:19.264970Z

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Observation 94350bbe-4503-457c-997d-4f68bce82fe6 · outbound

This paper cites ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:19.354745Z

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Observation 4c46d99b-d213-4d57-844a-198bd91cbad9 · outbound

This paper cites WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agents.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agents

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:19.475241Z

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Observation e882b30e-6fde-4720-b915-5dcf469b1476 · outbound

This paper cites @esa (Ref.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents @esa (Ref

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:19.620456Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0452fd24-4311-4f30-9f93-901bca94b4ef · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:19.734746Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d0c432f1-be56-4f2d-b459-8818703c5766 · outbound

This paper cites agent is located at x=2,y=1.

Estimating the Empowerment of Language Model Agents agent is located at x=2,y=1

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:53:19.811483Z

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Pith citing papers

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