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arxiv: 2603.03568 · v2 · pith:CXYBCTK3new · submitted 2026-03-03 · 🌌 astro-ph.CO · gr-qc· hep-ex· hep-ph· hep-th

Observational constraints on Luciano-Saridakis entropic cosmology

Mat\'ias Leizerovich , Susana J. Landau , Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano , Andreas Papatriantafyllou , Emmanuel N. Saridakis This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-21 11:08 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.CO gr-qchep-exhep-phhep-th
keywords entropic cosmologygeneralized entropyHubble tensionobservational constraintsdark energymodified Friedmann equationsPantheon+ supernovaeBAO
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The pith

The Luciano-Saridakis entropic cosmology fits combined observational datasets and excludes the LambdaCDM limit at the 2 sigma level.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper tests a generalized entropy construction with two independent exponents against background cosmological data. Applied through the gravity-thermodynamics correspondence, the entropy produces modified Friedmann equations that behave as an effective dark energy sector while recovering LambdaCDM in limiting cases. Using cosmic chronometers, Pantheon+ supernovae with SH0ES calibration, DESI DR2 BAO, and compressed Planck CMB shift parameters, the authors obtain a statistically robust fit for the alpha_delta equals zero case. This fit simultaneously satisfies all three key datasets, in contrast to LambdaCDM, and the standard limit is excluded at 2 sigma within the explored parameter space.

Core claim

The Luciano-Saridakis generalized entropy, when inserted into the gravity-thermodynamics correspondence, yields modified Friedmann equations that can be read as an effective dark energy component. Confronted at background level with Cosmic Chronometers, Pantheon+ Type Ia supernovae, DESI BAO measurements and compressed Planck 2018 CMB information, the model delivers a good fit to the combined data and satisfies the Pantheon+, SH0ES and CMB constraints simultaneously, unlike LambdaCDM. The LambdaCDM limit is excluded at the 2 sigma level in the restricted parameter space examined.

What carries the argument

A microscopically motivated generalized entropy with two independent entropic exponents that, via the gravity-thermodynamics correspondence, generates modified Friedmann equations interpreted as an effective dark energy sector.

If this is right

  • The model simultaneously accommodates Pantheon+ supernovae calibrated with SH0ES, BAO measurements and CMB shift parameters.
  • The LambdaCDM limit is ruled out at 2 sigma in the restricted parameter space.
  • The entropic parameters remain close to their standard values yet still produce a better joint fit than LambdaCDM.
  • The construction offers a background-level route to easing the Hubble tension without introducing new fields.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If the correspondence between entropy and gravitational dynamics holds at cosmological scales, entropic modifications could supply a statistical-mechanical origin for the observed acceleration.
  • Extension of the same entropy to linear perturbations would test whether the background success survives at the level of structure growth.
  • Comparison with other two-parameter entropic or modified-gravity models could reveal whether the present exclusion of LambdaCDM is unique to this construction.
  • Future surveys with tighter Hubble-constant anchors could decide whether the small deviations from standard entropy persist or shrink further.

Load-bearing premise

The gravity-thermodynamics correspondence converts the generalized entropy into modified Friedmann equations that act as an effective dark energy sector, and the analysis is restricted to the alpha_delta equals zero case.

What would settle it

A new data combination that forces the best-fit entropic parameters to coincide with their standard Boltzmann-Gibbs and Bekenstein-Hawking values within 1 sigma, or that prevents the model from fitting the combined Pantheon+, SH0ES and CMB data while LambdaCDM succeeds, would falsify the reported preference.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2603.03568 by Andreas Papatriantafyllou, Emmanuel N. Saridakis, Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano, Mat\'ias Leizerovich, Susana J. Landau.

Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_5.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

A recently proposed generalized entropy by Luciano and Saridakis extends the standard Boltzmann-Gibbs and Bekenstein-Hawking framework through a microscopically motivated construction involving two independent entropic exponents. When applied within the gravity-thermodynamics correspondence, this entropy leads to a modified cosmological dynamics that can be interpreted as an effective dark energy sector of entropic origin, while recovering $\Lambda$CDM in appropriate limits. In this work, we perform the first observational confrontation of the resulting entropic cosmology at the background level. Focusing on the case $\alpha_\delta=0$, we constrain the model using Cosmic Chronometers, Pantheon$^+$ Type Ia supernovae calibrated with SH0ES, BAO measurements from DESI DR2 and compressed Planck 2018 CMB information. We find that the model yields a statistically robust fit to the combined data sets and can simultaneously satisfy Pantheon$^+$, SH0ES and CMB shift-parameter constraints, unlike $\Lambda$CDM. Although the entropic parameters remain close to their standard values, the $\Lambda$CDM limit is excluded at the $2\sigma$ level within the restricted parameter space considered. These results indicate that the Luciano-Saridakis entropic cosmology offers a viable extension of the standard model with the potential to alleviate the Hubble tension at the background level.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

3 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript presents the first observational constraints on Luciano-Saridakis generalized entropic cosmology at the background level. Restricting to the α_δ=0 slice, the authors use Cosmic Chronometers, Pantheon+ supernovae calibrated with SH0ES, DESI DR2 BAO, and compressed Planck 2018 CMB shift parameters to constrain the entropic exponents. They report a statistically robust fit that simultaneously accommodates Pantheon+, SH0ES, and CMB constraints (unlike ΛCDM) and excludes the ΛCDM limit at 2σ within the restricted parameter space.

Significance. If the gravity-thermodynamics correspondence produces unambiguous modified Friedmann equations and the statistical pipeline is fully reproducible, the work would show that an entropic effective dark-energy sector can accommodate the Hubble tension at background level while remaining close to standard entropy values. The explicit 2σ exclusion of the ΛCDM limit inside the chosen slice is a concrete, falsifiable result that merits follow-up.

major comments (3)
  1. [§3] §3 (model derivation): The mapping from the Luciano-Saridakis entropy to the modified Friedmann equations is stated to follow from the standard gravity-thermodynamics correspondence, yet no explicit verification is given that the α_δ=0 restriction eliminates all ambiguities in horizon temperature or first-law application. Because the effective dark-energy sector and all subsequent likelihoods rest on this step, a short derivation or reference confirming uniqueness for α_δ=0 is required.
  2. [§4.2–4.3] §4.2–4.3 (data and likelihood): The manuscript provides no information on covariance-matrix treatment for the combined CC+Pantheon++SH0ES+DESI+CMB-shift data, the exact priors on the entropic parameters, or whether the α_δ=0 restriction was fixed before or after inspecting the posterior. These details are load-bearing for the claimed 2σ exclusion and the assertion of a “statistically robust fit.”
  3. [Results (Tables 1–2 and §5)] Results (Tables 1–2 and §5): The simultaneous satisfaction of SH0ES (higher H0), Pantheon+, and CMB shift constraints is obtained by fitting the entropic parameters to precisely the datasets that encode the Hubble tension. The manuscript should clarify whether this is presented as an independent alleviation or as a successful accommodation within a two-parameter extension.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: the phrase “within the restricted parameter space considered” should explicitly name the restriction (α_δ=0) for immediate clarity.
  2. [Figures] Figure captions: several panels would benefit from an overlaid dashed line or shaded band indicating the pure ΛCDM limit for direct visual comparison.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

3 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the constructive and detailed report. We address each major comment point by point below, indicating where revisions will be made to strengthen the manuscript.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [§3] §3 (model derivation): The mapping from the Luciano-Saridakis entropy to the modified Friedmann equations is stated to follow from the standard gravity-thermodynamics correspondence, yet no explicit verification is given that the α_δ=0 restriction eliminates all ambiguities in horizon temperature or first-law application. Because the effective dark-energy sector and all subsequent likelihoods rest on this step, a short derivation or reference confirming uniqueness for α_δ=0 is required.

    Authors: We agree that an explicit verification would improve clarity. In the revised manuscript we will add a short derivation (or appendix) confirming that, for the α_δ=0 slice, the standard gravity-thermodynamics correspondence produces unique modified Friedmann equations with no remaining ambiguities in the horizon temperature or first-law application. This follows directly from the original Luciano-Saridakis construction and will be referenced accordingly. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [§4.2–4.3] §4.2–4.3 (data and likelihood): The manuscript provides no information on covariance-matrix treatment for the combined CC+Pantheon++SH0ES+DESI+CMB-shift data, the exact priors on the entropic parameters, or whether the α_δ=0 restriction was fixed before or after inspecting the posterior. These details are load-bearing for the claimed 2σ exclusion and the assertion of a “statistically robust fit.”

    Authors: We acknowledge that these methodological details were insufficiently explicit. The α_δ=0 restriction was fixed a priori on theoretical grounds before any posterior inspection. In the revision we will add the precise covariance-matrix treatment for the joint dataset, the exact priors adopted for the entropic parameters, and an explicit statement confirming the restriction was chosen prior to the analysis. revision: yes

  3. Referee: [Results (Tables 1–2 and §5)] Results (Tables 1–2 and §5): The simultaneous satisfaction of SH0ES (higher H0), Pantheon+, and CMB shift constraints is obtained by fitting the entropic parameters to precisely the datasets that encode the Hubble tension. The manuscript should clarify whether this is presented as an independent alleviation or as a successful accommodation within a two-parameter extension.

    Authors: We thank the referee for this clarification request. The results are presented as a successful accommodation within the two-parameter entropic extension that permits a joint fit to the datasets exhibiting tension under ΛCDM. We do not claim an independent alleviation outside this fitting procedure. In the revised §5 and conclusions we will state this distinction explicitly while preserving the reported findings. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity in derivation or claims

full rationale

The paper defines the Luciano-Saridakis generalized entropy from prior theoretical work, applies the standard gravity-thermodynamics correspondence to obtain modified Friedmann equations (recovering LambdaCDM in limits), restricts to the alpha_delta=0 slice, and performs a standard parameter fit plus likelihood analysis against external datasets (CC, Pantheon+ with SH0ES, DESI BAO, compressed Planck CMB shift parameters). No claimed result (robust fit, simultaneous satisfaction of constraints, 2-sigma exclusion of LambdaCDM limit) reduces by construction to a fitted input, self-definition, or unverified self-citation chain. The observational conclusions are falsifiable against the cited data and are not equivalent to the model setup. Self-citation for the entropy proposal is normal model definition and does not load-bear the data-driven claims.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

1 free parameters · 1 axioms · 1 invented entities

The central claim rests on the gravity-thermodynamics correspondence applied to a two-exponent entropy, the restriction to alpha_delta=0, and standard cosmological parameter fitting to public datasets.

free parameters (1)
  • entropic exponents
    Two independent exponents in the generalized entropy; analysis restricted to alpha_delta=0 with the remaining exponent fitted to data.
axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Gravity-thermodynamics correspondence converts the generalized entropy into modified cosmological dynamics interpretable as effective dark energy.
    Invoked in the abstract to derive the entropic cosmology from the entropy construction.
invented entities (1)
  • effective dark energy sector of entropic origin no independent evidence
    purpose: To produce late-time accelerated expansion
    Postulated via the entropy modification and gravity-thermodynamics link; no independent falsifiable signature outside the fit is provided.

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Forward citations

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