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Analytical Solutions for Radiation-Driven Winds in Massive Stars II: The δ-slow Regime

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arxiv 2104.03263 v1 pith:DAMSYUDA submitted 2021-04-07 astro-ph.SR

Analytical Solutions for Radiation-Driven Winds in Massive Stars II: The δ-slow Regime

classification astro-ph.SR
keywords analyticalparametersline-forcemassivenumericalobtainprofileregime
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Accurate mass-loss rates and terminal velocities from massive stars winds are essential to obtain synthetic spectra from radiative transfer calculations and to determine the evolutionary path of massive stars. From a theoretical point of view, analytical expressions for the wind parameters and velocity profile would have many advantages over numerical calculations that solve the complex non-linear set of hydrodynamic equations. In a previous work, we obtained an analytical description for the fast wind regime. Now, we propose an approximate expression for the line-force in terms of new parameters and obtain a velocity profile closed-form solution (in terms of the Lambert $W$ function) for the $\delta$-slow regime. Using this analytical velocity profile, we were able to obtain the mass-loss rates based on the m-CAK theory. Moreover, we established a relation between this new set of line-force parameters with the known stellar and m-CAK line-force parameters. To this purpose, we calculated a grid of numerical hydrodynamical models and performed a multivariate multiple regression. The numerical and our descriptions lead to good agreement between their values.

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    Black hole masses at solar metallicity are set by whether a star becomes a Wolf-Rayet star before collapse, and cool supergiant winds control that split.