Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 28 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2312.03689.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2312.03689 v1

Coverage vector

measured 0 of 0 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 28 of 28 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00

measured 28 of 28 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:35.552192Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

0 of 0 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved0
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

10
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

No outbound reference observations are available for this paper version.

Pith citing papers

Observation b59438ea-7656-4df5-993d-119d6258803d · inbound

Laissez-Faire Harms: Algorithmic Biases in Generative Language Models cites this paper.

Laissez-Faire Harms: Algorithmic Biases in Generative Language Models Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-24T02:03:44.404577Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation a844176d-3981-4dc9-aebe-bc1d8101f998 · inbound

Show, Don't Tell: Uncovering Implicit Character Portrayal using LLMs cites this paper.

Show, Don't Tell: Uncovering Implicit Character Portrayal using LLMs Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:28:19.147873Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 119d2a98-92e7-4fe8-bd8f-511644f1441f · inbound

Improving LLM Group Fairness on Tabular Data via In-Context Learning cites this paper.

Improving LLM Group Fairness on Tabular Data via In-Context Learning Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 58

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:22:43.773370Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 65d93c4e-d32c-4c21-bd00-211851f46131 · inbound

OpenAI o1 System Card cites this paper.

OpenAI o1 System Card Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 19

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-23T06:42:39.674874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation db04fc76-d7f0-48d6-bde3-6083590bb8b9 · inbound

Small Changes, Large Consequences: Analyzing the Allocational Fairness of LLMs in Hiring Contexts cites this paper.

Small Changes, Large Consequences: Analyzing the Allocational Fairness of LLMs in Hiring Contexts Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:40:01.708882Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aab78833-519c-4606-8f87-c64c2f219b4b · inbound

Utility-inspired Reward Transformations Improve Reinforcement Learning Training of Language Models cites this paper.

Utility-inspired Reward Transformations Improve Reinforcement Learning Training of Language Models Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:45.698903Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2ba12e12-63c1-4a06-ac77-e9e2c2d650ac · inbound

Beyond Reward Hacking: Causal Rewards for Large Language Model Alignment cites this paper.

Beyond Reward Hacking: Causal Rewards for Large Language Model Alignment Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 59

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T19:55:50.762598Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 22c3ab57-50d9-4c62-a258-892ef21ecab6 · inbound

Examining Alignment of Large Language Models through Representative Heuristics: The Case of Political Stereotypes cites this paper.

Examining Alignment of Large Language Models through Representative Heuristics: The Case of Political Stereotypes Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 49

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T15:18:19.184330Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e032ef9c-6204-4a33-8029-9980dda82ab4 · inbound

Fairness through Difference Awareness: Measuring Desired Group Discrimination in LLMs cites this paper.

Fairness through Difference Awareness: Measuring Desired Group Discrimination in LLMs Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 91

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T14:03:44.606552Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dbbccdb7-60f1-4c76-ad3b-8b9b9e8762f8 · inbound

Utility Engineering: Analyzing and Controlling Emergent Value Systems in AIs cites this paper.

Utility Engineering: Analyzing and Controlling Emergent Value Systems in AIs Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 59

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T00:04:57.456687Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ac3c398b-e98e-4ef5-bde8-db90c9d28d8e · inbound

Expressing stigma and inappropriate responses prevents LLMs from safely replacing mental health providers cites this paper.

Expressing stigma and inappropriate responses prevents LLMs from safely replacing mental health providers Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 136

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:35.552192Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c338c469-984a-4290-81c6-3e23026eb973 · inbound

GenderBench: Evaluation Suite for Gender Biases in LLMs cites this paper.

GenderBench: Evaluation Suite for Gender Biases in LLMs Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:46:34.200880Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9164c4d6-5b3e-4543-8ff5-8bdc0ea04355 · inbound

Wisdom from Diversity: Bias Mitigation Through Hybrid Human-LLM Crowds cites this paper.

Wisdom from Diversity: Bias Mitigation Through Hybrid Human-LLM Crowds Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 2005

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:39:13.665110Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2af870c2-7498-413e-8a4c-86494aefbb6f · inbound

Position is Power: System Prompts as a Mechanism of Bias in Large Language Models (LLMs) cites this paper.

Position is Power: System Prompts as a Mechanism of Bias in Large Language Models (LLMs) Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 89

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:43:14.257875Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 68ee41b9-5b47-418d-b855-3d6afbe5dc61 · inbound

Aligned but Blind: Alignment Increases Implicit Bias by Reducing Awareness of Race cites this paper.

Aligned but Blind: Alignment Increases Implicit Bias by Reducing Awareness of Race Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 61

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:13:18.979922Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c948ebf1-e9e3-4010-8b3d-54d8935f636b · inbound

Discrimination by LLMs: Cross-lingual Bias Assessment and Mitigation in Decision-Making and Summarisation cites this paper.

Discrimination by LLMs: Cross-lingual Bias Assessment and Mitigation in Decision-Making and Summarisation Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T20:19:50.482010Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 65eb247d-08b8-4d30-8cee-dc279dbd3950 · inbound

Discrimination by LLMs: Cross-lingual Bias Assessment and Mitigation in Decision-Making and Summarisation cites this paper.

Discrimination by LLMs: Cross-lingual Bias Assessment and Mitigation in Decision-Making and Summarisation Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T20:19:50.486783Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 575ca79f-1602-49d5-8d7b-b25fbd2ccd58 · inbound

White-Box Sensitivity Auditing with Steering Vectors cites this paper.

White-Box Sensitivity Auditing with Steering Vectors Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T08:42:13.215306Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 393d7ef4-9ab4-4ef3-9847-8952a33b65ec · inbound

DeFrame: Debiasing Large Language Models Against Framing Effects cites this paper.

DeFrame: Debiasing Large Language Models Against Framing Effects Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 58

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T04:43:48.852569Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 18d36d39-e958-4001-9e70-77ce3a24ab53 · inbound

Ads in AI Chatbots? An Analysis of How Large Language Models Navigate Conflicts of Interest cites this paper.

Ads in AI Chatbots? An Analysis of How Large Language Models Navigate Conflicts of Interest Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 97

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T07:26:02.258997Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 42f572e9-b2d2-44d7-9999-4db6e08293ec · inbound

In-Situ Behavioral Evaluation for LLM Fairness, Not Standardized-Test Scores cites this paper.

In-Situ Behavioral Evaluation for LLM Fairness, Not Standardized-Test Scores Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 9

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-14T21:32:59.306141Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 6c7f27b5-6a99-4859-88ea-54a10a78ec5d · inbound

What Do People Actually Want From AI? Mapping Preference Plurality cites this paper.

What Do People Actually Want From AI? Mapping Preference Plurality Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 82

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-28T01:41:29.754929Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation c95ecd9e-4d87-472a-a730-b8244755cdfe · inbound

AgentFairBench: Do LLM Agents Discriminate When They Act? cites this paper.

AgentFairBench: Do LLM Agents Discriminate When They Act? Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 14

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-03T17:38:44.504124Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 6e7d29ab-0c06-49ab-b170-635a8bb94b01 · inbound

To Compare, or Not to Compare: On Methodological Practices in Evaluating Social Bias cites this paper.

To Compare, or Not to Compare: On Methodological Practices in Evaluating Social Bias Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 4

Resolution: malformed identifier; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T17:09:58.746322Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 00dce7d3-6aee-4b2b-847d-97634f9ce0a2 · inbound

Defeat Devices in AI Systems cites this paper.

Defeat Devices in AI Systems Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 52

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T08:44:27.881810Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 19769dd2-49bd-4c67-b548-bfcc8bcc5615 · inbound

Reference Feature Atlases for Mechanistic Auditing of Language Models cites this paper.

Reference Feature Atlases for Mechanistic Auditing of Language Models Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T12:35:17.513977Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 01317c2e-7b23-416e-b533-47d90f04787a · inbound

Not as Sweet by Another Name: An Empirical Study of Format Robustness in LLM Document Workflows cites this paper.

Not as Sweet by Another Name: An Empirical Study of Format Robustness in LLM Document Workflows Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 58

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T04:07:38.967099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a3b99423-c869-4af8-9364-10978705cfab · inbound

FairFund-Bench: Evaluating Distributive Bias in LLM Resource Allocation cites this paper.

FairFund-Bench: Evaluating Distributive Bias in LLM Resource Allocation Evaluating and Mitigating Discrimination in Language Model Decisions

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T17:02:01.308620Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.