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Goldstone Bosons in the 3P2 Superfluid Phase of Neutron Matter and Neutrino Emission
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At the high densities present in the interior of neutron stars, the neutrons are condensed into the 3P2 superfluid phase. While this condensation has little impact on the equation of state, it can have an important role in determining the low-temperature energy-momentum transport properties. The spontaneous breaking of baryon number by the condensate gives rise to the familiar Goldstone boson, but in addition, the spontaneous breaking of rotational invariance by the condensate gives rise to three Goldstone bosons, in general, one for each broken generator of rotations. These Goldstone bosons, which couple to the Z0, provide a new mechanism for neutrino emission. Using a low-energy effective field theory to describe the dynamics of these Goldstone bosons we estimate the neutrino emissivity of dense neutron matter and show that their annihilation is the dominant energy-loss mechanism over a range of temperatures.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Microscopic description of axisymmetric vortices in $^{3}P_{2}$ superfluids
Microscopic calculations show the o vortex is the most stable axisymmetric vortex in 3P2 superfluids under strong magnetic fields and hosts two zero-energy Majorana fermions in its core.
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Formation of bound composite vortices of a singly-quantized $^1$S$_0$ vortex and half-quantized $^3$P$_2$ vortices in the $^1$S$_0$-$^3$P$_2$ coexisting phase in neutron stars
Gross-Pitaevskii simulations show Josephson coupling creates a bound composite of one ^1S0 SQV and two ^3P2 HQVs that can depin from pinning sites.
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Continuity from neutron matter to two-flavor quark matter with $^1 S_0$ and $^3 P_2$ superfluidity
The paper proposes that neutron 1S0 and 3P2 superfluidity map continuously to scalar and 3P2 d-quark pairing in a 2SC+⟨dd⟩ quark matter phase, extending quark-hadron continuity to two flavors.
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Critical endpoint and universality class of neutron $^3P_2$ superfluids in neutron stars
The critical endpoint between two nematic phases of neutron 3P2 superfluids shows critical exponents (α≈0.6, β≈0.4, γ≈0.5, δ≈2.3) that the authors interpret as evidence of a new universality class.
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