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Evidence of the triaxial structure of $\boldsymbol{^{129}}$Xe at the Large Hadron Collider

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arxiv 2108.09578 v1 pith:HQJJT5S3 submitted 2021-08-21 nucl-th hep-exhep-phnucl-ex

classification nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-ex
keywords nucleistructurecolliderdeformationenergyatomiccollectivedata
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

The interpretation of the emergent collective behaviour of atomic nuclei in terms of deformed intrinsic shapes [1] is at the heart of our understanding of the rich phenomenology of their structure, ranging from nuclear energy to astrophysical applications across a vast spectrum of energy scales. A new window onto the deformation of nuclei has been recently opened with the realization that nuclear collision experiments performed at high-energy colliders, such as the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), enable experimenters to identify the relative orientation of the colliding ions in a way that magnifies the manifestations of their intrinsic deformation [2]. Here we apply this technique to LHC data on collisions of $^{129}$Xe nuclei [3-5] to exhibit the first evidence of non-axiality in the ground state of ions collided at high energy. We predict that the low-energy structure of $^{129}$Xe is triaxial (a spheroid with three unequal axes), and show that such deformation can be determined from high-energy data. This result demonstrates the unique capabilities of precision collider machines such as the LHC as new means to perform imaging of the collective structure of atomic nuclei.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Schr\"{o}dinger Generator for High-Dimensional Integration and Sampling on Quantum Many-Body States

    nucl-th 2026-08 reject novelty 6.0 of 10

    A two-stage sampler (adaptive marginal map plus normalizing flow, then resampling) is proposed and shown on model nuclear densities up to D=624, though a core Jacobian equation appears sign-inconsistent.

  2. Investigating $^{238}$U Deformation via Dilepton Production in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

    nucl-th 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In a transport-model study of U+U collisions at 193 GeV, dilepton yields normalized by charged multiplicity are shown to scale linearly with the square of the nuclear quadrupole deformation beta_2, with stronger sensi...

  3. Correlation between particle spectra and elliptic flow

    nucl-th 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A new three-particle observable, v02(pT), correlates the hadron spectrum with elliptic flow and is predicted to show a mass-ordering inversion at low pT in Pb+Pb collisions.

  4. Scaling approach to rigid and soft nuclear deformation through flow fluctuations in high-energy nuclear collisions

    nucl-th 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Triangular flow four-particle cumulants scale linearly with the fourth moment of octupole deformation, allowing the mean and variance of 238U octupole deformation to be extracted separately.

  5. A comparison study of collisions at relativistic energies involving light nuclei

    nucl-th 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    The elliptic-to-triangular flow ratio near target rapidity in lead-light nucleus collisions is the most sensitive model-level probe of light-nucleus deformation.

  6. Nuclear Physics Confronts Relativistic Collisions Of Isobars

    nucl-ex 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    RHIC isobar data are explained by different shapes of 96Ru and 96Zr, with 96Zr showing a large octupole deformation, so nuclear structure uncertainty, not the magnetic field, dominates the observed ratios.

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