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Evidence of the triaxial structure of $\boldsymbol{^{129}}$Xe at the Large Hadron Collider
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abstract
The interpretation of the emergent collective behaviour of atomic nuclei in terms of deformed intrinsic shapes [1] is at the heart of our understanding of the rich phenomenology of their structure, ranging from nuclear energy to astrophysical applications across a vast spectrum of energy scales. A new window onto the deformation of nuclei has been recently opened with the realization that nuclear collision experiments performed at high-energy colliders, such as the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), enable experimenters to identify the relative orientation of the colliding ions in a way that magnifies the manifestations of their intrinsic deformation [2]. Here we apply this technique to LHC data on collisions of $^{129}$Xe nuclei [3-5] to exhibit the first evidence of non-axiality in the ground state of ions collided at high energy. We predict that the low-energy structure of $^{129}$Xe is triaxial (a spheroid with three unequal axes), and show that such deformation can be determined from high-energy data. This result demonstrates the unique capabilities of precision collider machines such as the LHC as new means to perform imaging of the collective structure of atomic nuclei.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Schr\"{o}dinger Generator for High-Dimensional Integration and Sampling on Quantum Many-Body States
A two-stage sampler (adaptive marginal map plus normalizing flow, then resampling) is proposed and shown on model nuclear densities up to D=624, though a core Jacobian equation appears sign-inconsistent.
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Investigating $^{238}$U Deformation via Dilepton Production in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
In a transport-model study of U+U collisions at 193 GeV, dilepton yields normalized by charged multiplicity are shown to scale linearly with the square of the nuclear quadrupole deformation beta_2, with stronger sensi...
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Correlation between particle spectra and elliptic flow
A new three-particle observable, v02(pT), correlates the hadron spectrum with elliptic flow and is predicted to show a mass-ordering inversion at low pT in Pb+Pb collisions.
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Scaling approach to rigid and soft nuclear deformation through flow fluctuations in high-energy nuclear collisions
Triangular flow four-particle cumulants scale linearly with the fourth moment of octupole deformation, allowing the mean and variance of 238U octupole deformation to be extracted separately.
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A comparison study of collisions at relativistic energies involving light nuclei
The elliptic-to-triangular flow ratio near target rapidity in lead-light nucleus collisions is the most sensitive model-level probe of light-nucleus deformation.
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Nuclear Physics Confronts Relativistic Collisions Of Isobars
RHIC isobar data are explained by different shapes of 96Ru and 96Zr, with 96Zr showing a large octupole deformation, so nuclear structure uncertainty, not the magnetic field, dominates the observed ratios.
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