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Modified Structure of Protons and Neutrons in Correlated Pairs
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The atomic nucleus is made of protons and neutrons (nucleons), that are themselves composed of quarks and gluons. Understanding how the quark-gluon structure of a nucleon bound in an atomic nucleus is modified by the surrounding nucleons is an outstanding challenge. Although evidence for such modification, known as the EMC effect, was first observed over 35 years ago, there is still no generally accepted explanation of its cause. Recent observations suggest that the EMC effect is related to close-proximity Short Range Correlated (SRC) nucleon pairs in nuclei. Here we report the first simultaneous, high-precision, measurements of the EMC effect and SRC abundances. We show that the EMC data can be explained by a universal modification of the structure of nucleons in neutron-proton (np) SRC pairs and present the first data-driven extraction of this universal modification function. This implies that, in heavier nuclei with many more neutrons than protons, each proton is more likely than each neutron to belong to an SRC pair and hence to have its quark structure distorted.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Isospin dependence of nuclear EMC effect from global QCD analysis
Nucleon parton distributions must include off-shell (binding) corrections to describe A=2,3 DIS data, with evidence for an isovector component that changes the extracted nuclear EMC ratios.
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The influence of nuclear short range correlations on sub-threshold particle production in proton-nucleus collisions
Short range correlated nucleon pairs can explain enhanced sub-threshold production of strange and charmed hadrons in proton-nucleus collisions, with the SRC tail raising yields by up to 10^3 versus a Fermi gas.
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Observing short-range correlations in nuclei through $\rho^0$ photo-production
Photoproduction of rho0 mesons on nuclei can test the probe-independence of Generalized Contact Formalism and confirm proton-neutron pair dominance in short-range correlations.
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Three-dimensional imaging of hadrons with hard exclusive reactions: advances in experiment, theory, phenomenology, and lattice QCD
A community white paper reviewing GPD-based 3D imaging of hadrons — experiment, theory, phenomenology, lattice QCD — and the roadmap toward precision tomography at JLab, COMPASS, J-PARC, and future electron-ion colliders.
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