Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 29 of 29 outbound references and 10 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.04403.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.04403 v2

Coverage vector

measured 29 of 29 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:02.042701Z

measured 39 of 39 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 10 of 10 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T23:27:29.801691Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-06-28T22:52:45.615517Z

Reference resolution

29 of 29 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy6
unresolved23
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 3e63acb0-638d-4ef7-bf99-847255bb5ab4 · outbound

This paper cites Olmo 2: The best fully open language model to date, 2024.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Olmo 2: The best fully open language model to date, 2024

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:03.094962Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 813a028c-1fb1-4491-b69d-09aa0c0d22db · outbound

This paper cites Qwen Technical Report.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Qwen Technical Report

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.738227Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4ec3fa94-3592-45d1-b79c-f26b1fd308be · outbound

This paper cites PIQA : Reasoning about physical commonsense in natural language.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders PIQA : Reasoning about physical commonsense in natural language

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.743766Z

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Observation fb6f9fc8-253c-4f41-a846-c726d2f7a924 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling laws for predicting downstream performance in llms.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Scaling laws for predicting downstream performance in llms

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:03.044370Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation f3e2b2e8-8a69-4e14-891c-40c1c1a4cb81 · outbound

This paper cites B ool Q : Exploring the surprising difficulty of natural yes/no questions.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders B ool Q : Exploring the surprising difficulty of natural yes/no questions

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.758801Z

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Observation d9551b80-c7aa-40d5-acb9-9fe23bf1ef32 · outbound

This paper cites Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.779121Z

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Observation 655255f2-0bde-405a-8988-ce163707ec96 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.785740Z

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Observation d16f232d-b54a-40ee-98aa-39589b1dfd6c · outbound

This paper cites Language models scale reliably with over-training and on downstream tasks.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Language models scale reliably with over-training and on downstream tasks

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.797350Z

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Observation 68b98dda-ea51-42f5-9d14-7b5d6a271776 · outbound

This paper cites Olmes: A standard for language model evaluations, 2024.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Olmes: A standard for language model evaluations, 2024

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.814936Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c84e7222-7952-4f0f-af18-f23caa1ddc17 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring massive multitask language understanding.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Measuring massive multitask language understanding

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.823503Z

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Observation b27f4816-4c45-4f0a-89ed-903831513a44 · outbound

This paper cites Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.835814Z

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Observation 4c007da5-80e6-4059-8f4e-fa41b34cdecb · outbound

This paper cites Predicting emergent abilities with infinite resolution evaluation.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Predicting emergent abilities with infinite resolution evaluation

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:02.975949Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 28e1c326-497a-48ce-99da-16f86eeb7f26 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.868880Z

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Observation 5e69c7b5-45a6-46aa-85a2-fc1859f1da4d · outbound

This paper cites DataComp-LM: In search of the next generation of training sets for language models.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders DataComp-LM: In search of the next generation of training sets for language models

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.877000Z

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Observation 876f2d1f-dba1-4639-a0e8-a7fa23960dbc · outbound

This paper cites Can a suit of armor conduct electricity? a new dataset for open book question answering.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Can a suit of armor conduct electricity? a new dataset for open book question answering

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.895171Z

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Observation b7bc0f52-58fa-42f9-80cd-21dd8f5db9f2 · outbound

This paper cites Llm foundry, 2024.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Llm foundry, 2024

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:02.945213Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 8131b418-1f2d-40e0-9743-4ffcdf7ef1d3 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Data-Constrained Language Models.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Scaling Data-Constrained Language Models

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.909295Z

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Observation 048d7588-4cbb-4b7a-8788-fa3b0fe28b2d · outbound

This paper cites Resolving Discrepancies in Compute-Optimal Scaling of Language Models.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Resolving Discrepancies in Compute-Optimal Scaling of Language Models

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.919455Z

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Observation 72446ab2-503e-4c91-b0ee-bd77d809f35b · outbound

This paper cites Shazeer, Adam Roberts, Katherine Lee, Sharan Narang, Michael Matena, Yanqi Zhou, Wei Li, and Peter J.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Shazeer, Adam Roberts, Katherine Lee, Sharan Narang, Michael Matena, Yanqi Zhou, Wei Li, and Peter J

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:02.905373Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation af09e181-04ac-4474-a65e-761a09113bc7 · outbound

This paper cites Wino G rande: An adversarial winograd schema challenge at scale.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Wino G rande: An adversarial winograd schema challenge at scale

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.952847Z

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Observation 97b38224-b638-4c9d-a2df-fa8e43551788 · outbound

This paper cites Social IQ a: Commonsense reasoning about social interactions.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Social IQ a: Commonsense reasoning about social interactions

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.961373Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 72677520-69ca-483a-b8bb-774ea706cc88 · outbound

This paper cites Why has predicting downstream capabilities of frontier AI models with scale remained elusive? In Trustworthy Multi-modal Foundation Models and AI Agents (TiFA), 2024.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Why has predicting downstream capabilities of frontier AI models with scale remained elusive? In Trustworthy Multi-modal Foundation Models and AI Agents (TiFA), 2024

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:02.885884Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation e50f306f-8d11-4829-8d04-af60638dd1d3 · outbound

This paper cites C ommonsense QA : A question answering challenge targeting commonsense knowledge.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders C ommonsense QA : A question answering challenge targeting commonsense knowledge

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.983973Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5a53a98c-0754-40c5-9030-131c689b7a65 · outbound

This paper cites H ella S wag: Can a machine really finish your sentence? pp.\ 4791--4800, Florence, Italy, July 2019.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders H ella S wag: Can a machine really finish your sentence? pp.\ 4791--4800, Florence, Italy, July 2019

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:01.992177Z

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Observation 968d3453-66da-4e4d-9d2c-2c37f1aea8ef · outbound

This paper cites MAP-Neo: Highly Capable and Transparent Bilingual Large Language Model Series.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders MAP-Neo: Highly Capable and Transparent Bilingual Large Language Model Series

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:02.003853Z

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Observation d25a3acb-839e-4efa-8f16-1454ea497bf6 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders write newline

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:02.012206Z

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Observation e6f81f64-9832-48d6-9665-06b440bb1529 · outbound

This paper cites @esa (Ref.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders @esa (Ref

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:02.023540Z

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Observation 340dacc6-d0ca-4143-8a3b-60eec42ba2e4 · outbound

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Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:02.035946Z

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Observation 9d9dbb2c-f2cc-41f9-804b-fa3486993774 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:31:02.042701Z

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Pith citing papers

Observation cb403640-2ce5-4081-9f6f-107852f19626 · inbound

AI Governance to Avoid Extinction: The Strategic Landscape and Actionable Research Questions cites this paper.

AI Governance to Avoid Extinction: The Strategic Landscape and Actionable Research Questions Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders

Reference 25

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Observation 97a117fd-7c64-48dd-ae6a-abf22d818adc · inbound

Language Models Improve When Pretraining Data Matches Target Tasks cites this paper.

Language Models Improve When Pretraining Data Matches Target Tasks Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T16:53:08.432070Z

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Observation a3c03f77-dfbd-46e9-b42f-b5aad8f57ab6 · inbound

Signal and Noise: A Framework for Reducing Uncertainty in Language Model Evaluation cites this paper.

Signal and Noise: A Framework for Reducing Uncertainty in Language Model Evaluation Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders

Reference 3

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Observation 1d11fb19-e8aa-4322-9002-dfbe59ac2e34 · inbound

Fantastic Pretraining Optimizers and Where to Find Them cites this paper.

Fantastic Pretraining Optimizers and Where to Find Them Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T11:59:49.489653Z

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Observation e7c5254a-50c8-433f-b9fa-d8854e7fd5d5 · inbound

A Latent Variable Framework for Scaling Laws in Large Language Models cites this paper.

A Latent Variable Framework for Scaling Laws in Large Language Models Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders

Reference 465

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Observation 7daa418d-d705-46a6-930b-d433f88748dd · inbound

Capacity-Aware Mixture Law Enables Efficient LLM Data Optimization cites this paper.

Capacity-Aware Mixture Law Enables Efficient LLM Data Optimization Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders

Reference 2

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-15T14:25:55.403333Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 2fa7a170-9867-4a97-80e2-d46d4f9129be · inbound

The Recurrent Transformer: Greater Effective Depth and Efficient Decoding cites this paper.

The Recurrent Transformer: Greater Effective Depth and Efficient Decoding Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders

Reference 49

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T14:21:04.595703Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 7828b7e3-8b76-42cf-ab7f-3ca783f1a8c2 · inbound

Scaling Properties of Continuous Diffusion Spoken Language Models cites this paper.

Scaling Properties of Continuous Diffusion Spoken Language Models Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders

Reference 80

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T21:56:27.353396Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 80f229ed-6d8d-408f-9983-2551c1d75d10 · inbound

Item Response Scaling Laws: A Measurement Theory Approach for Efficient and Generalizable Neural Scaling Estimation cites this paper.

Item Response Scaling Laws: A Measurement Theory Approach for Efficient and Generalizable Neural Scaling Estimation Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders

Reference 2

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-28T22:52:45.616723Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation b178965b-c5bf-4417-a2ba-00ad557826a1 · inbound

EdgeBench: Unveiling Scaling Laws of Learning from Real-World Environments cites this paper.

EdgeBench: Unveiling Scaling Laws of Learning from Real-World Environments Establishing Task Scaling Laws via Compute-Efficient Model Ladders

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-11T07:57:43.000834Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.