Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T00:56:06.963501Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 44 of 44 outbound references and 7 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2508.04183.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T00:56:06.963501Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T23:55:37.784908Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z
44 of 44 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
0
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z
Observation 03dbcef6-8ba6-4ea8-a1b2-6cc82d8934e8 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition OpenScholar: Synthesizing Scientific Literature with Retrieval-augmented LMs
Reference 1
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cb5ba02a-ce37-453c-b41d-06d2be453c67 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Deerflow: Deep exploration and efficient research flow
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 7873f638-d91f-47cd-88a0-e42195d7d263 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Deep research comparator: A platform for fine-grained human annotations of deep research agents
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation a3e13a14-e5ce-4011-adbb-3f79e81848f2 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Patent claims revisited
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 47392b29-37d1-4e98-92bf-f97b26228752 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Deepresearchgym: A free, transparent, and reproducible evaluation sandbox for deep research, 2025
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 99c6a37d-7d75-4220-bc87-3016c71eba3a · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Curie: Evaluating llms on multitask scientific long-context understanding and reasoning
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 4e0ec3d9-7757-42af-a5de-e943f08a60a0 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Claim Verification in the Age of Large Language Models: A Survey
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 94b9e6c5-084f-4046-ab83-695e851dc49c · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition DeepResearch Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Deep Research Agents
Reference 8
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6575b478-1be1-47c9-a63a-a3d3dfef46e3 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Eli5: Long form question answering
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 9eb6e252-b576-4a9b-83d2-4dc6fe297981 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Deep Research Bench: Evaluating AI Web Research Agents
Reference 10
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a22081e9-1dd1-4e54-bebd-feb46c640066 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Analysis of Plan-based Retrieval for Grounded Text Generation
Reference 11
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Observation f49b4db0-90cb-4cff-a7fd-0ecf5d611baf · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition We’re expanding our gemini 2.5 family of models
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation d288c18b-dd7a-4337-b9cb-fc1ecd9a7fd9 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Deep research is now available on gemini 2.5 pro experimental
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 3e3e4e78-0a2f-435f-bf30-ad03d22bb8e4 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Precise information control in long-form text generation
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation a4ba905c-3371-480d-bb91-b30b043d31c5 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition CUAD: An Expert-Annotated NLP Dataset for Legal Contract Review
Reference 15
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4c1007f5-23ca-41f9-a99e-111c513a6e8d · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Constructing a multi-hop qa dataset for comprehensive evaluation of reasoning steps
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation f1955f78-e90c-4975-b142-e196a5de0a86 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Bright: A realistic and challenging benchmark for reasoning-intensive retrieval
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 54aefd0c-7c46-42f1-ac90-1ae705b8b67d · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Deep Research Agents: A Systematic Examination And Roadmap
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ea2b89f0-64fc-452c-8df6-a23bb7b4239d · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Open-source deepresearch – freeing our search agents
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation ab53b0c9-bfea-4277-bba3-a69948a65897 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition GPT-4o System Card
Reference 20
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1b959b1b-33f0-4bf6-a975-0f8ce39e5abd · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Researcharena: Benchmarking llms' ability to collect and organize information as research agents
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 1c0c6023-6e3a-42d0-8237-85a416344917 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Fact, Fetch, and Reason: A Unified Evaluation of Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Reference 22
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e86d8368-f668-45c0-9d9e-86d5a7ff9b2e · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition WebThinker: Empowering Large Reasoning Models with Deep Research Capability
Reference 23
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 162653f0-454a-4c43-a31d-04e6351292a8 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Lost in the middle: How language models use long contexts
Reference 24
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9756f86a-b74a-4967-94e7-8ad6b900c0b6 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Veritrail: Closed-domain hallucination detection with traceability
Reference 25
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4798bd25-a7f3-4e9f-a766-58e4bf4991c8 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Gaia: a benchmark for general ai assistants
Reference 26
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6ec2cfc2-eeac-4ba4-8f86-9ce3e30e4d2b · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Introducing researcher and analyst in microsoft 365 copilot
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 56e45693-eb36-4204-87b0-1c6c3cbe3d5c · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Introducing gpt-4.1 in the api
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 1a1c0847-da88-4ed7-a1ac-210ce821edaf · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Introducing openai o3 and o4-mini
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation f3641c16-58db-46f4-a2e3-c1d4b2e1732a · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Introducing deep research
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 939e8131-e079-4109-9648-ec56bbe920c3 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Perplexity deep research
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 3a430fc2-771c-4c86-be0b-655f4191d9a5 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Sonar pro
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 8a87cb7d-bf03-41b7-8375-c8ada03ce137 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Sonar reasoning
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 1cf3a592-6fcc-481a-943f-6654d7210807 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Humanity's Last Exam
Reference 34
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Observation 7db41a09-ac7a-44bb-85f7-d93f61f26b30 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Assisting in Writing Wikipedia-like Articles From Scratch with Large Language Models
Reference 35
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2c4cd75a-5d68-4eb9-a54d-391f20305271 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Pangu deepdiver: Adaptive search intensity scaling via open-web reinforcement learning
Reference 36
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Observation 03684cc1-1c48-4208-ac52-c0fc5903f379 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Geak: Introducing Triton Kernel AI Agent & Evaluation Benchmarks
Reference 37
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Observation bb0a689d-f746-4cfe-ab35-ab456294fade · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition BrowseComp: A Simple Yet Challenging Benchmark for Browsing Agents
Reference 39
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Observation 8d05bfba-f63d-4428-98c5-7f50e26485d5 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Grok 3 beta — the age of reasoning agents
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 3f2aab72-d23c-48fd-aeab-4d798dc666c5 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition A Comprehensive Survey of Deep Research: Systems, Methodologies, and Applications
Reference 41
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Observation 77053ef7-0ad3-4000-9422-9ef41ea7db02 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition ResearcherBench: Evaluating Deep AI Research Systems on the Frontiers of Scientific Inquiry
Reference 42
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Observation 93682201-ba35-45b8-bab6-622c2e40b46a · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Cohen, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Christopher D
Reference 43
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Observation cd0aac83-49ef-486e-a35b-20aaa2520bca · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition Open deep research
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 1eee2b58-4690-436a-b8aa-539bfd30cc12 · outbound
Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition DeepResearcher: Scaling Deep Research via Reinforcement Learning in Real-world Environments
Reference 45
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4dacb85f-9cdc-4029-913b-85458931071d · inbound
SFR-DeepResearch: Towards Effective Reinforcement Learning for Autonomously Reasoning Single Agents Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition
Reference 13
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Observation 501f1ced-25ef-438c-9d5e-50fc2476867b · inbound
DEER: A Benchmark for Evaluating Deep Research Agents on Expert Report Generation Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition
Reference 2025
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 11b1b2bd-db4d-48d4-b763-f577d1a0f2b7 · inbound
LLM-Oriented Information Retrieval: A Denoising-First Perspective Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition
Reference 76
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 5925a9e2-9178-46d4-944b-42d66103eaff · inbound
LLM-Oriented Information Retrieval: A Denoising-First Perspective Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition
Reference 79
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 3a906274-6149-4fd3-8cf5-f1915fb0cf04 · inbound
LakeQA: An Exploratory QA Benchmark over a Million-Scale Data Lake Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 25802b62-2a13-4874-9fc4-744c6dedfc42 · inbound
Agentic Environment Engineering for Large Language Models: A Survey of Environment Modeling, Synthesis, Evaluation, and Application Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition
Reference 74
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 69a34f5d-1739-45d7-8a99-af30964826e1 · inbound
From Simple QA to Deep Research: A Verifiable Benchmark Constructed through Iterative Task Evolution Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definition
Reference 12
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.