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arxiv: 2606.19977 · v1 · pith:KU6JGIYSnew · submitted 2026-06-18 · ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Interplay of Altermagnetism and Coupled Quasi-Altermagnetic states in Sliding Two-dimensional Square Lattice

Bhautik R Dhori , Deepak Upadhyay , Prafulla K Jha This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-26 16:36 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci
keywords altermagnetismquasi-altermagnetisminterlayer slidingnon-relativistic spin splittingtwo-dimensional materialssquare latticeMn2WS4spin texture
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The pith

Interlayer sliding in two-dimensional square lattices controls a coupled quasi-altermagnetic state with reversible type-IV non-relativistic spin splitting.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper proposes a coupled quasi-altermagnetic state as a distinct subclass of altermagnetism in sliding two-dimensional square lattices, where interlayer sliding reversibly controls type-IV non-relativistic spin splitting. This leads to a classification of sliding-induced phases into altermagnetic and quasi-altermagnetic categories, with a direct link between reciprocal-space spin splitting and real-space switching between the two quasi-altermagnetic states. The states exhibit spin-split bands at the Gamma point even without spin-orbit coupling. First-principles calculations on Mn2WS4 and its Janus derivative Mn2WS2Se2 illustrate the interplay, and the mechanism is presented as applicable to a wide class of two-dimensional square-lattice systems.

Core claim

In sliding two-dimensional square-lattice systems, interlayer sliding induces transitions between altermagnetic and coupled quasi-altermagnetic states. The quasi-altermagnetic states support reversible type-IV non-relativistic spin splitting, with spin-polarized bands remaining split at the Gamma point in the absence of spin-orbit coupling. Spin-Laue symmetry analysis establishes a correspondence between reciprocal-space spin splitting and real-space switching of the quasi-altermagnetic states, as verified through calculations on Mn2WS4 and Mn2WS2Se2.

What carries the argument

The coupled quasi-altermagnetic state, induced and switched by interlayer sliding, which carries the reversible type-IV non-relativistic spin splitting and enables the classification of phases.

Load-bearing premise

The spin-Laue symmetry analysis and first-principles results on Mn2WS4 generalize to a wide class of two-dimensional square-lattice systems without dominant additional effects from defects or other interactions.

What would settle it

A sliding two-dimensional square-lattice system that shows no spin splitting at the Gamma point without spin-orbit coupling, or no reversible switching of the quasi-altermagnetic states upon interlayer sliding.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.19977 by Bhautik R Dhori, Deepak Upadhyay, Prafulla K Jha.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Schematic illustration of the two-dimensional square-lattice model. The [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: (a) Schematic representation of the Lieb lattice in real space. Sublattices carrying [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Crystal structures, spin-polarized band structures, and electronic band dispersions [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Mn d-orbital-projected band structures of the (a) AA, (b) AB, (c) AC1, and (d) AC2 bilayer configurations. The dx2−y 2 , dxz, and dyz orbital contributions are represented by purple, green, and gray circles, respectively, whose sizes are proportional to their corresponding projection weights. Filled and open circles denote ↑ and ↓ states, respectively. For a meaningful comparison of orbital contributions a… view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Structural comparison of tetrahedra formed by Mn atoms in the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Spin-resolved DOS for the (a) AA, (b) AB, (c) AC [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p017_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Spin-resolved Fermi surfaces of the (a) AA, (b) AC [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p018_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Spin-resolved electronic band structures projected onto the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p020_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: (a) AHC of the AC1 and AC2 bilayer configurations, shown in purple and green, respectively. (b,c) Schematic illustrations of anomalous VHE in AC1 and AC2 bilayer un￾der hole doping and in the presence of an in-plane electric field. (d,e) Proposed tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR)-like device architectures based on the coupled quasi-altermagnetic bilayers. (d) Low-resistance (parallel) configuration, consist… view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Diagram summarizing the structural evolution and magnetic phases of Mn [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p023_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Spin-polarized electronic band structures of Type-II [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p024_11.png] view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Spin-polarized electronic band structures of Type-II [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p025_12.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

The emergence of non-relativistic spin splitting (NRSS) in altermagnetic systems has introduced a new paradigm in antiferromagnets with vanishing net magnetization. Although sliding-induced valley-polarized phases have recently been demonstrated in two-dimensional altermagnets, the observed valley-polarized state represents only a partial manifestation of altermagnetism, and a comprehensive classification based on spinsplitting characteristics remains lacking. Here, using first-principles calculations, general stacking theory, and spin-Laue symmetry analysis, we propose a coupled quasialtermagnetic state representing a distinct subclass of altermagnetism, in which reversible type-IV NRSS is controlled through interlayer sliding. Accordingly, the sliding-induced phases are classified into two categories: altermagnetic and quasi-altermagnetic states. We establish a direct correspondence between reciprocal-space spin splitting and real-space switching between the two quasi-altermagnetic states. Importantly, the spin-polarized bands in these states remain spin split at {\Gamma} point even in the absence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC), distinguishing them within the proposed classification framework. To demonstrate the interplay between altermagnetic and quasi-altermagnetic states, we investigate the two-dimensional Lieb-lattice material Mn2WS4 and its Janus derivative Mn2WS2Se2, analysing how changes in the local environment influence the different magnetic phases. Importantly, the underlying mechanism is broadly applicable to a wide class of twodimensional square-lattice systems. We further investigate the effects of SOC, focusing on spin texture and transport signatures in coupled quasi-altermagnetic states.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript proposes a coupled quasi-altermagnetic state as a distinct subclass of altermagnetism in sliding 2D square lattices. Using first-principles DFT calculations, stacking theory, and spin-Laue symmetry analysis on Mn2WS4 and its Janus derivative Mn2WS2Se2, it classifies sliding-induced phases into altermagnetic versus quasi-altermagnetic categories, establishes a direct correspondence between reciprocal-space spin splitting (including type-IV NRSS) and real-space switching, highlights persistent Γ-point splitting without SOC, examines SOC effects on spin texture and transport, and asserts that the underlying mechanism applies broadly to 2D square-lattice systems.

Significance. If the classification and correspondence hold, the work introduces a sliding-controlled framework for NRSS in altermagnets that distinguishes a new quasi-altermagnetic subclass, with potential relevance for 2D spintronics. The combination of symmetry analysis with explicit DFT on a concrete material provides a concrete foundation, though the breadth of applicability remains to be substantiated.

major comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: The statement that 'the underlying mechanism is broadly applicable to a wide class of two-dimensional square-lattice systems' is central to the impact of the proposed classification, yet the supporting evidence is limited to spin-Laue analysis and DFT on Mn2WS4/Mn2WS2Se2. The manuscript must address whether material-specific perturbations (strain, defects, substrate potentials) can lift the claimed Γ-point splitting, as these routinely appear in real 2D lattices and could undermine the generality of the altermagnetic/quasi-altermagnetic distinction.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: Typographical issues include 'twodimensional' (should be 'two-dimensional') and 'spinsplitting' (should be 'spin splitting').

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the constructive feedback on our manuscript. We address the major comment below and have revised the manuscript to strengthen the discussion of generality.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: The statement that 'the underlying mechanism is broadly applicable to a wide class of two-dimensional square-lattice systems' is central to the impact of the proposed classification, yet the supporting evidence is limited to spin-Laue analysis and DFT on Mn2WS4/Mn2WS2Se2. The manuscript must address whether material-specific perturbations (strain, defects, substrate potentials) can lift the claimed Γ-point splitting, as these routinely appear in real 2D lattices and could undermine the generality of the altermagnetic/quasi-altermagnetic distinction.

    Authors: We agree that the robustness of the Γ-point splitting against realistic perturbations requires explicit discussion to support the claimed generality. The spin-Laue symmetry analysis in the manuscript shows that the type-IV NRSS and persistent Γ-point splitting (without SOC) are protected by the symmetry of the sliding-induced phases. Perturbations such as strain, defects, or substrate potentials that preserve the relevant spin-Laue symmetry will not lift the splitting, while those that break the symmetry would change the phase classification itself. We have added a dedicated paragraph in the Discussion section (new text following the SOC analysis) that explicitly addresses these effects, including estimates for typical strain values in 2D materials and the conditions under which the altermagnetic/quasi-altermagnetic distinction remains intact. This revision clarifies the scope of applicability without overstating it. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: claims derived from symmetry analysis and DFT on specific materials

full rationale

The paper derives its classification of altermagnetic vs. quasi-altermagnetic states, the coupled quasi-altermagnetic proposal, and the reciprocal-to-real-space correspondence directly from spin-Laue symmetry analysis plus first-principles calculations on Mn2WS4/Mn2WS2Se2. These steps do not reduce to self-definitions, fitted inputs renamed as predictions, or self-citation chains; the spin-splitting features at Gamma (even without SOC) are computed outputs used to distinguish the states rather than presupposed. Generalization to other 2D square lattices is stated as an applicability claim supported by the general stacking theory, not forced by construction from the specific results.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 1 invented entities

Abstract-only review limits detail; main additions are the new classification and invented subclass, resting on standard computational assumptions.

axioms (2)
  • domain assumption First-principles DFT calculations accurately capture the electronic and magnetic properties including NRSS in the studied materials.
    Central to all proposed phases and classification.
  • domain assumption Spin-Laue symmetry analysis provides a complete basis for classifying altermagnetic vs quasi-altermagnetic states under sliding.
    Used to establish the direct correspondence and categories.
invented entities (1)
  • coupled quasi-altermagnetic state no independent evidence
    purpose: Distinct subclass of altermagnetism enabling reversible type-IV NRSS control via interlayer sliding.
    Introduced to classify sliding-induced phases beyond standard altermagnetism.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5830 in / 1365 out tokens · 26939 ms · 2026-06-26T16:36:55.243933+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

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