pith. sign in

arxiv: 2606.17304 · v1 · pith:L5C5CVFVnew · submitted 2026-06-15 · 🌌 astro-ph.EP

Unraveling the Mystery of the Peculiar and Young Hot Jupiter CoRoT-2b II: Phase Resolved Emission Spectroscopy with VLT/CRIRES+ and Gemini-S/IGRINS

Aurora Y. Kesseli , Siddharth Gandhi , Lisa Dang , Alexis Lavail , Alejandro Sanchez-Lopez , Ying Shu , Emily Rauscher , Hayley Beltz
show 3 more authors
Romain Allart Stefan Pelletier Vatsal Panwar
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-27 02:16 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.EP
keywords hot jupitersexoplanet atmosphereshigh-resolution spectroscopyphase curvesrotational broadeningCoRoT-2b
0
0 comments X

The pith

CoRoT-2b rotates slower than tidally locked expectations, explaining its western hotspot offset.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

Hot Jupiters are expected to rotate synchronously due to tidal forces from their short orbits. CoRoT-2b instead shows a western hotspot in its Spitzer phase curve. Phase-resolved high-resolution spectra from VLT/CRIRES+ and Gemini-S/IGRINS detect the planet signal separately before and after eclipse. Retrievals give consistent abundances but a hotter post-eclipse temperature profile. The planet's measured rotational broadening of 2.24 km/s is 2.6 sigma below the 4.37 km/s value expected for synchronous rotation, favoring sub-synchronous spin as the cause.

Core claim

The analysis concludes that CoRoT-2b exhibits sub-synchronous rotation. Its rotational broadening is measured at 2.24 +0.81/-0.77 km s^{-1}, discrepant at 2.6 sigma from the 4.37 ± 0.13 km s^{-1} predicted by tidal locking. This slower rotation is identified as the most likely explanation for the western hotspot offset after testing alternative hypotheses.

What carries the argument

Rotational line broadening extracted from cross-correlation of phase-resolved high-resolution emission spectra, tested against the value predicted from the orbital period under the assumption of synchronous rotation.

If this is right

  • The western hotspot offset arises from sub-synchronous rotation rather than other mechanisms such as clouds or magnetic effects.
  • Chemical abundances and C/O ratios remain consistent across pre- and post-eclipse phases.
  • A hotter and more isothermal temperature-pressure profile appears at post-eclipse phases, matching the phase-curve data.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Tidal evolution models for close-in giant planets may need to allow for rotation periods longer than the orbital period in some cases.
  • High-resolution spectroscopy offers a way to measure exoplanet spin rates that complements photometric variability studies.
  • Other hot Jupiters with anomalous westward offsets could be checked for similar sub-synchronous rotation using the same approach.

Load-bearing premise

The measured spectral line broadening is dominated by the planet's rotation and can be cleanly separated from winds, thermal effects, or instrumental resolution.

What would settle it

A direct measurement of CoRoT-2b's rotation period or higher-precision spectroscopy that yields a rotational broadening matching or clearly contradicting the reported 2.24 km/s value.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.17304 by Alejandro Sanchez-Lopez, Alexis Lavail, Aurora Y. Kesseli, Emily Rauscher, Hayley Beltz, Lisa Dang, Romain Allart, Siddharth Gandhi, Stefan Pelletier, Vatsal Panwar, Ying Shu.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Phase coverage of the observing epochs. With the 3 epochs, we fully cover phases of 0.34 through 0.63. The two CRIRES+ epochs are newly presented in this pa￾per, while the IGRINS epoch was first presented in (Shu et al. 2026). The gray region represents the time when CoRoT-2b is in eclipse, while the black dashed line shows the phase where CoRoT-2b has it’s maximum brightness based on the observed Spitzer … view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Top: The median SNR of each exposure as a function of phase in the IGRINS observation epochs. We report the median SNR over all pixels in single order (or￾der 8 in the K-band), which covers the region containing the CO bandheads, around 2.2 µm. The semi-transparent gray region shows the time when the planet was behind the star during secondary eclipse, while the black dashed line shows the time when the pl… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Time series spectra for a single CRIRES+ order, showing an example of the cleaning steps that were undertaken and the final spectra. The top panel shows the pipeline reduced spectra after a normalization, sigma clipping and application of a high-pass filter. The spectra in the middle panel show the spectra after the deepest tellurics were masked and the average spectrum in time was removed. The main featur… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Representative spectra of CoRoT-2 taken with IGRINS in the H-band (top), K-band (middle), and with CRIRES+ using the K2166 setting (bottom). These plots show all orders of a single time series spectrum produced by the data reduction pipeline steps before any spectral cleaning has been done. The orders plotted in black are the orders which are used in the final combined 2D cross-correlation grids, while the… view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Kp vs. δvsys diagrams for each observation epoch. The CRIRES+ Visit 2 epoch and the IGRINS epoch both exhibit the strongest signal at the planet’s expected location (dashed black lines) and exhibits SNRs>4 at that location, and so we can confidently say that we have detected the planet at these epochs. In the CRIRES+ Visit 1 epoch we do see a signal at the expected position, but it is only at an SNR∼3 and … view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Comparison between the 1D CCFs resulting from the cross-correlation between the artificially broadened mod￾els and the unbroadened model (dashed lines) versus the data with the same unbroadened model (black solid line). The models were broadened with a v sin(i) kernel and cor￾respond to v sin(i) values from 0 to 12 km s−1 . The models and the data have all been normalized so that their peak values are at 1… view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Comparison between the retrieved abundances (left) and abundance ratios (C/O; right) from the retrieval pre￾sented in Shu et al. (2026) (diamonds) and our CRIRES+ retrievals (circles). We compare to all three retrieval set ups presented in Shu et al. (2026), including the two using the high-resolution pre-eclipse IGRINS data only (HRS) and the joint IGRINS+HST+Spitzer retrieval (joint). We find that while … view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Retrieved PT profiles using the post-eclipse CRIRES+ data (blues) and the pre-eclipse IGRINS data (reds), published in Shu et al. (2026). The profiles plotted with the solid lines are both parameterized using the same modified Guillot formulation, specified in (Molli`ere et al. 2019). The shaded regions correspond to the 1-σ and 2- σ uncertainty regions for the Guillot profiles. The profiles with the dash… view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Corner plot showing the posterior distribution of all inferred parameters from the nominal atmospheric retrieval, which included major C- and O-bearing species expected to exist in a CoRoT-2b-like planet. The model also includes a uniform gray cloud deck and the PT profile is parameterized by a modified Guillot PT profile (Molli`ere et al. 2019; Guillot & Havel 2011) [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p02… view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Same as [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p023_12.png] view at source ↗
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: Same as [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p024_13.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Hot Jupiters are expected to be tidally locked and synchronously rotating due to their short orbital periods. These conditions create large day-night temperature contrasts and are thought to drive eastward super-rotating jets. Indeed, the majority of hot Jupiters are observed to have the hottest region of the planet either at the substellar point or offset in the eastern direction. However, the full phase curve of CoRoT-2b, observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope, exhibits robust evidence of a western hotspot offset. To determine the origin of this peculiar hotspot offset, we present phase-resolved high-resolution observations of CoRoT-2b from the CRIRES+ spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the IGRINS spectrograph on Gemini South, covering both pre- and post-eclipse phases (0.34--0.63). We detect the signal from the planet (S/N$>$4) in both pre- and post-eclipse phases separately, and therefore perform separate cross-correlation and retrieval analyses at the two epochs. The phase-resolved retrievals show highly consistent abundances and C/Os, but prefer a hotter and more isothermal temperature-pressure profile at post-eclipse phases, consistent with the phase curve observations that indicated a western hotpsot offset. By testing multiple hypotheses invoked to drive a western hotspot offset, we find the most likely explanation to be sub-synchronous planetary rotation. We measure the planet's rotational broadening to be $2.24\substack{+0.81\\-0.77}$ km s$^{-1}$, whereas the expectation from tidally locked rotation is $4.37\pm0.13$ km s$^{-1}$ (2.6-$\sigma$ discrepant). Other observations, such as high precision phase curves or eclipse mapping, would help to further confirm the western hotspot offset and sub-synchronous rotation.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The paper reports phase-resolved high-resolution emission spectroscopy of CoRoT-2b with VLT/CRIRES+ and Gemini-S/IGRINS over orbital phases 0.34-0.63. Planetary signals are detected separately pre- and post-eclipse (S/N >4), followed by cross-correlation and atmospheric retrievals that yield consistent abundances and C/O ratios. The retrievals prefer a hotter, more isothermal T-P profile post-eclipse. The authors test hypotheses for the western hotspot offset seen in Spitzer phase curves and conclude the most likely cause is sub-synchronous rotation, based on a measured rotational broadening of 2.24 +0.81/-0.77 km s^{-1} versus the tidally locked expectation of 4.37±0.13 km s^{-1} (2.6σ discrepancy).

Significance. If the rotational broadening measurement is shown to be robust against confounding effects, the result would be significant for hot Jupiter atmospheric dynamics, providing direct evidence against the standard tidal-locking assumption and an alternative mechanism for anomalous (western) hotspot offsets. The phase-resolved detection and abundance consistency are strengths of the observational approach.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract and phase-resolved retrievals] The central claim of sub-synchronous rotation rests on the reported rotational broadening value. The abstract and retrieval description provide no quantitative details on the error budget, how the instrumental resolution (R≈10^5) was deconvolved, or whether zonal wind fields were jointly retrieved as free parameters alongside the rotational kernel; without this, the 2.6σ discrepancy cannot be evaluated for robustness against the alternative broadening mechanisms noted in the stress-test.
  2. [Retrieval analysis and hypothesis testing] The forward model used to extract v_rot must separate rotational broadening from (i) net Doppler shifts due to zonal winds across the visible hemisphere and (ii) temperature-dependent weighting of the disk. The manuscript tests multiple hotspot hypotheses but does not report a joint retrieval that floats both rotation and a parameterized wind field; this omission is load-bearing for the sub-synchronous conclusion.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract contains a typographical error: 'hotpsot' should be 'hotspot'.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their detailed and constructive review. We address the two major comments point-by-point below. Where the comments identify gaps in quantitative detail or analysis, we agree that revisions are warranted and will incorporate the requested clarifications and additional retrievals.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract and phase-resolved retrievals] The central claim of sub-synchronous rotation rests on the reported rotational broadening value. The abstract and retrieval description provide no quantitative details on the error budget, how the instrumental resolution (R≈10^5) was deconvolved, or whether zonal wind fields were jointly retrieved as free parameters alongside the rotational kernel; without this, the 2.6σ discrepancy cannot be evaluated for robustness against the alternative broadening mechanisms noted in the stress-test.

    Authors: We agree that the abstract and main retrieval description lack the requested quantitative details. The error budget, deconvolution of the R≈10^5 instrumental profile from the rotational kernel, and robustness checks against alternative broadening mechanisms are fully documented in the Methods section and the dedicated stress-test appendix. However, to improve accessibility and allow direct evaluation of the 2.6σ result, we will revise the abstract to include a concise summary of the error analysis and deconvolution procedure. Net Doppler shifts from zonal winds were assessed separately via the cross-correlation peak locations rather than as joint free parameters in the primary retrievals; we will add an explicit statement clarifying this approach and its justification from the stress-tests. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Retrieval analysis and hypothesis testing] The forward model used to extract v_rot must separate rotational broadening from (i) net Doppler shifts due to zonal winds across the visible hemisphere and (ii) temperature-dependent weighting of the disk. The manuscript tests multiple hotspot hypotheses but does not report a joint retrieval that floats both rotation and a parameterized wind field; this omission is load-bearing for the sub-synchronous conclusion.

    Authors: The forward model separates the rotational kernel from net Doppler shifts (measured independently from cross-correlation centroids) and incorporates temperature-dependent disk weighting through the phase-resolved T-P profile retrievals. We acknowledge that a joint retrieval simultaneously floating both v_rot and a parameterized wind field was not performed and would strengthen the robustness claim. Because this joint analysis is absent from the current manuscript, we will add it in revision to explicitly test whether the sub-synchronous rotation result persists when winds are treated as free parameters. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: rotational broadening measured from spectra and compared to independent orbital expectation

full rationale

The central claim rests on a direct spectral measurement of line broadening (2.24 +0.81/-0.77 km s^{-1}) extracted via cross-correlation and retrievals on CRIRES+ and IGRINS data, contrasted against a separately computed synchronous value (4.37 ± 0.13 km s^{-1}) obtained from the known orbital period and radius. No equation reduces the measured width to a fitted input by construction, no self-citation chain carries the uniqueness of the interpretation, and the forward model separation of rotation from winds/thermal effects is presented as an empirical extraction rather than a definitional identity. The derivation chain is therefore self-contained against external orbital parameters.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

1 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on the domain assumption of tidal locking for calculating the expected rotation rate and on the interpretation that the fitted line broadening directly measures rotation speed.

free parameters (1)
  • rotational broadening velocity = 2.24 km/s
    Fitted from the observed spectral line widths in the cross-correlation and retrieval analyses.
axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Hot Jupiters with short orbital periods are tidally locked and synchronously rotating
    Invoked to compute the expected rotational velocity of 4.37 km/s from the orbital period.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5940 in / 1359 out tokens · 37045 ms · 2026-06-27T02:16:01.071810+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

300 extracted references · 285 canonical work pages · 146 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    , keywords =

    The Roasting Marshmallows Program with IGRINS on Gemini South III: Seeing deeper into the metal depleted atmosphere of a gas-giant on the cusp of the hot to ultra-hot Jupiter transition. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1150 , archivePrefix =. 2507.07204 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1150

  2. [2]

    Jacques and Scott, Pat , year = 2009, month = sep, journal =

    The Chemical Composition of the Sun. , keywords =. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222 , archivePrefix =. 0909.0948 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222

  3. [3]

    Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission. II. CoRoT-Exo-2b: a transiting planet around an active G star. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809431 , archivePrefix =. 0803.3207 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809431

  4. [4]

    , keywords =

    Retrieval of the dayside atmosphere of WASP-43b with CRIRES ^ +. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347151 , archivePrefix =. 2307.11627 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347151

  5. [5]

    Doomed Worlds. I. No New Evidence for Orbital Decay in a Long-term Survey of 43 Ultrahot Jupiters. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/PSJ/ad3e80 , archivePrefix =. 2404.07339 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/psj/ad3e80

  6. [6]

    doi:10.5281/zenodo.845059 , publisher =

    igrins/plp 2.2.0. doi:10.5281/zenodo.845059 , publisher =

    work page doi:10.5281/zenodo.845059

  7. [7]

    Weinberger and Daniel T

    Gregory Mace and Kimberly Sokal and Jae-Joon Lee and Heeyoung Oh and Chan Park and Hanshin Lee and John Good and Phillip MacQueen and Jae Sok Oh and Kyle Kaplan and Ben Kidder and Moo-Young Chun and In-Soo Yuk and Ueejeong Jeong and Soojong Pak and Kang-Min Kim and Jakyoung Nah and Sungho Lee and Young-Sam Yu and Narae Hwang and Byeong-Gon Park and Hwihyu...

    work page doi:10.1117/12.2312345 2018

  8. [8]

    Chan Park and Daniel T. Jaffe and In-Soo Yuk and Moo-Young Chun and Soojong Pak and Kang-Min Kim and Michael Pavel and Hanshin Lee and Heeyoung Oh and Ueejeong Jeong and Chae Kyung Sim and Hye-In Lee and Huynh Anh Nguyen Le and Joseph Strubhar and Michael Gully-Santiago and Jae Sok Oh and Sang-Mok Cha and Bongkon Moon and Kwijong Park and Cynthia Brooks a...

    work page doi:10.1117/12.2056431 2014

  9. [9]

    , keywords =

    Radiatively Active Clouds and Magnetic Effects Explored in a Grid of Hot Jupiter GCMs. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad9394 , archivePrefix =. 2410.23436 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad9394

  10. [10]

    Cassini States with Dissipation: Why Obliquity Tides Cannot Inflate Hot Jupiters

    Cassini States with Dissipation: Why Obliquity Tides Cannot Inflate Hot Jupiters. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/519075 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0703418 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/519075

  11. [11]

    Thermal Tides in Fluid Extrasolar Planets

    Thermal Tides in Fluid Extrasolar Planets. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/714/1/1 , archivePrefix =. 0912.2313 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/0004-637x/714/1/1

  12. [12]

    Origin of Tidal Dissipation in Jupiter. II. The Value of Q. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/497355 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0407628 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/497355

  13. [13]

    , keywords =

    Retrieving interior properties of hot Jupiters with Love numbers and atmospheric measurements. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf814 , archivePrefix =. 2505.10304 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staf814

  14. [14]

    Thermo-Resistive Instability of Hot Planetary Atmospheres

    Thermo-resistive Instability of Hot Planetary Atmospheres. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/754/1/L9 , archivePrefix =. 1206.3363 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/2041-8205/754/1/l9 2041

  15. [15]

    , keywords =

    Magnetohydrodynamical Torsional Oscillations from Thermoresistive Instability in Hot Jupiters. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad0968 , archivePrefix =. 2308.00892 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad0968

  16. [16]

    , keywords =

    Variability from Thermoresistive Instability in the Atmospheres of Hot Jupiters. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac9bfc , archivePrefix =. 2208.03387 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac9bfc

  17. [17]

    Thermal Tides in Short Period Exoplanets

    Thermal Tides in Short Period Exoplanets. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.0901.0735 , archivePrefix =. 0901.0735 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.0901.0735

  18. [18]

    Photospheric carbon and oxygen abundances of F-G type stars in the Pleiades cluster

    Photospheric carbon and oxygen abundances of F-G type stars in the Pleiades cluster*. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/pasj/psw105 , archivePrefix =. 1610.05439 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/pasj/psw105

  19. [19]

    Ariel stellar characterisation. II. Chemical abundances of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen for 181 planet-host FGK dwarf stars. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450604 , archivePrefix =. 2406.12393 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450604

  20. [20]

    , year = 1996, month = jul, volume =

    Synchronous Locking of Tidally Evolving Satellites. , year = 1996, month = jul, volume =. doi:10.1006/icar.1996.0117 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1006/icar.1996.0117 1996

  21. [21]

    The chemical make-up of the Sun: A 2020 vision

    The chemical make-up of the Sun: A 2020 vision. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140445 , archivePrefix =. 2105.01661 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140445 2020

  22. [22]

    , keywords =

    Photochemical Hazes Dramatically Alter Temperature Structure and Atmospheric Circulation in 3D Simulations of Hot Jupiters. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acd4bb , archivePrefix =. 2305.09654 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acd4bb

  23. [23]

    title Galaxy Zoo: `Hanny's Voorwerp', a quasar light echo? journal volume 399 ( number 1 ): pages 129--140

    MULTINEST: an efficient and robust Bayesian inference tool for cosmology and particle physics. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14548.x , archivePrefix =. 0809.3437 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14548.x 2009

  24. [24]

    and Georgakakis, A

    X-ray spectral modelling of the AGN obscuring region in the CDFS: Bayesian model selection and catalogue. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322971 , archivePrefix =. 1402.0004 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322971

  25. [25]

    , keywords =

    Extreme Winds on the Emerging Dayside of an Ultrahot Jupiter. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae36a1 , archivePrefix =. 2601.20849 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae36a1 2041

  26. [26]

    Semidiurnal thermal tides in asynchronously rotating hot Jupiters

    Semidiurnal thermal tides in asynchronously rotating hot Jupiters. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731683 , archivePrefix =. 1801.07519 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731683

  27. [27]

    , keywords =

    Modeling the High-resolution Emission Spectra of Clear and Cloudy Nontransiting Hot Jupiters. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac2a2a , archivePrefix =. 2110.05593 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac2a2a

  28. [28]

    Estimating the magnetic field strength in hot Jupiters

    Estimating the Magnetic Field Strength in Hot Jupiters. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa93fd , archivePrefix =. 1709.05676 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa93fd 2041

  29. [29]

    title An XMM-Newton spectral survey of 12 m selected galaxies - I

    Atmospheric circulation of tidally locked exoplanets: a suite of benchmark tests for dynamical solvers. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18315.x , archivePrefix =. 1010.1257 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18315.x 2011

  30. [30]

    , keywords =

    3D Atmospheric Circulation of Warm and Hot Jupiters. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/801/2/95 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/801/2/95

  31. [31]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    CRIRES+ and ESPRESSO reveal an atmosphere enriched in volatiles relative to refractories on the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2410.18183 , archivePrefix =. 2410.18183 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2410.18183

  32. [32]

    An Observational Diagnostic for Distinguishing Between Clouds and Haze in Hot Exoplanet Atmospheres

    An Observational Diagnostic for Distinguishing between Clouds and Haze in Hot Exoplanet Atmospheres. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa84ac , archivePrefix =. 1705.05847 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa84ac 2041

  33. [33]

    , keywords =

    Overcast Mornings and Clear Evenings in Hot Jupiter Exoplanet Atmospheres. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adf20f , archivePrefix =. 2507.15854 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adf20f 2041

  34. [34]

    Tidal Decay of Close Planetary Orbits

    Tidal Decay of Close Planetary Orbits. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/177941 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/9605059 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/177941

  35. [35]

    Constraints on the Magnetic Field Strength of HAT-P-7 b and other Hot Giant Exoplanets

    Constraints on the magnetic field strength of HAT-P-7 b and other hot giant exoplanets. Nature Astronomy , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0131 , archivePrefix =. 1704.06271 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0131

  36. [36]

    , keywords =

    The mystery of water in the atmosphere of Bo \"o tis b continues: Insights from revisiting archival CRIRES observations. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2361 , archivePrefix =. 2410.08178 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2361

  37. [37]

    Obliquity Tides on Hot Jupiters

    Obliquity Tides on Hot Jupiters. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/432834 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0506468 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/432834

  38. [38]

    Tidal dissipation within hot Jupiters: a new appraisal

    Tidal dissipation within hot Jupiters: a new appraisal. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066487 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0612044 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066487

  39. [39]

    Atmospheres on Nonsynchronized Eccentric-tilted Exoplanets. II. Thermal Light Curves. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab06ca , archivePrefix =. 1903.00908 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab06ca 1903

  40. [40]

    Models of Warm Jupiter Atmospheres: Observable Signatures of Obliquity

    Models of Warm Jupiter Atmospheres: Observable Signatures of Obliquity. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa81c3 , archivePrefix =. 1707.06278 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa81c3

  41. [41]

    , keywords =

    Hot Jupiters Are Asynchronous Rotators. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ada954 , archivePrefix =. 2409.07651 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ada954 2041

  42. [42]

    Unraveling the Mystery of the Peculiar and Young Hot Jupiter CoRoT-2b. I. H _ 2 O and CO Detection from Dayside Observations with Gemini-S/IGRINS. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ae5ba6 , archivePrefix =. 2605.20340 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ae5ba6

  43. [43]

    , keywords =

    Where Is the Water? Jupiter-like C/H Ratio but Strong H _ 2 O Depletion Found on Bo \"o tis b Using SPIRou. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac0428 , archivePrefix =. 2105.10513 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac0428

  44. [44]

    , keywords =

    Vanadium oxide and a sharp onset of cold-trapping on a giant exoplanet. , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06134-0 , archivePrefix =. 2306.08739 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06134-0

  45. [45]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Vertical structure of an exoplanet's atmospheric jet stream. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2502.12261 , archivePrefix =. 2502.12261 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2502.12261

  46. [46]

    , keywords =

    A First Look at CRIRES+: Performance Assessment and Exoplanet Spectroscopy. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac77eb , archivePrefix =. 2206.10621 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac77eb

  47. [47]

    , keywords =

    A solar C/O and sub-solar metallicity in a hot Jupiter atmosphere. , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03912-6 , archivePrefix =. 2110.14821 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03912-6

  48. [48]

    , keywords =

    HyDRA-H: Simultaneous Hybrid Retrieval of Exoplanetary Emission Spectra. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab4efc , archivePrefix =. 1910.14042 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab4efc 1910

  49. [49]

    Retrieval of Exoplanet Emission Spectra with HyDRA

    Retrieval of exoplanet emission spectra with HyDRA. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2748 , archivePrefix =. 1710.06433 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2748

  50. [50]

    , keywords =

    Molecular cross-sections for high-resolution spectroscopy of super-Earths, warm Neptunes, and hot Jupiters. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa981 , archivePrefix =. 2004.04160 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staa981 2004

  51. [51]

    ExoMol molecular line lists XXX: a complete high-accuracy line list for water

    ExoMol molecular line lists XXX: a complete high-accuracy line list for water. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1877 , archivePrefix =. 1807.04529 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1877

  52. [52]

    Observing the Universe at infrared wavelengths and high spectral resolution

    CRIRES ^ + on sky at the ESO Very Large Telescope. Observing the Universe at infrared wavelengths and high spectral resolution. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245217 , archivePrefix =. 2301.08048 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245217

  53. [53]

    Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI , year = 2016, editor =

    The ``+'' for CRIRES: enabling better science at infrared wavelength and high spectral resolution at the ESO VLT. Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI , year = 2016, editor =. doi:10.1117/12.2232837 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1117/12.2232837 2016

  54. [54]

    , keywords =

    Variable and Supersonic Winds in the Atmosphere of an Ultrahot Giant Planet. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac51d2 , archivePrefix =. 2201.04154 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac51d2

  55. [55]

    , keywords =

    Long-term Variations in the Orbital Period of Hot Jupiters from Transit-timing Analysis Using TESS Survey Data. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ad0847 , archivePrefix =. 2310.17225 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ad0847

  56. [56]

    Detection of a Westward Hotspot Offset in the Atmosphere of a Hot Gas Giant CoRoT-2b

    Detection of a westward hotspot offset in the atmosphere of hot gas giant CoRoT-2b. Nature Astronomy , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0351-6 , archivePrefix =. 1801.06548 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0351-6

  57. [57]

    Warm Spitzer Photometry of the Transiting Exoplanets CoRoT-1 and CoRoT-2 at Secondary Eclipse

    Warm Spitzer Photometry of the Transiting Exoplanets CoRoT-1 and CoRoT-2 at Secondary Eclipse. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/726/2/95 , archivePrefix =. 1011.1019 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/0004-637x/726/2/95

  58. [58]

    The Emergent 1.1-1.7 Micron Spectrum of the Exoplanet CoRoT-2b as Measured Using the Hubble Space Telescope

    The Emergent 1.1-1.7 m Spectrum of the Exoplanet CoRoT-2b as Measured Using the Hubble Space Telescope. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/783/2/113 , archivePrefix =. 1401.4464 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/0004-637x/783/2/113

  59. [59]

    The corona and companion of CoRoT-2A. Insights from X-rays and optical spectroscopy

    The corona and companion of CoRoT-2a. Insights from X-rays and optical spectroscopy. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116961 , archivePrefix =. 1106.1522 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116961

  60. [60]

    , keywords =

    TESS Transit Timing of Hundreds of Hot Jupiters. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac545b , archivePrefix =. 2202.03401 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac545b

  61. [61]

    , keywords =

    New photometric analysis of five exoplanets: CoRoT-2b, HAT-P-12b, TrES-2b, WASP-12b, and WASP-52b. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz747 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stz747

  62. [62]

    ExoClock Project. III. 450 New Exoplanet Ephemerides from Ground and Space Observations. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac9da4 , archivePrefix =. 2209.09673 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac9da4

  63. [63]

    HELIOS-K: An Ultrafast, Open-source Opacity Calculator for Radiative Transfer

    HELIOS-K: An Ultrafast, Open-source Opacity Calculator for Radiative Transfer. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/808/2/182 , archivePrefix =. 1503.03806 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/0004-637x/808/2/182

  64. [64]

    Detection of titanium oxide in the atmosphere of a hot Jupiter

    Detection of titanium oxide in the atmosphere of a hot Jupiter. , keywords =. 2017. doi:10.1038/nature23651 , archivePrefix =. 1709.04118 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1038/nature23651 2017

  65. [65]

    , keywords =

    A Significant Increase in Detection of High-resolution Emission Spectra Using a Three-dimensional Atmospheric Model of a Hot Jupiter. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abb67b , archivePrefix =. 2009.09030 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abb67b 2009

  66. [66]

    The secondary eclipse of the transiting exoplanet CoRoT-2b

    The secondary eclipse of the transiting exoplanet CoRoT-2b. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912505 , archivePrefix =. 0906.2814 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912505

  67. [67]

    Bright optical dayside emission from extrasolar planet CoRoT-2b

    Bright optical day-side emission from extrasolar planet CoRoT-2b. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913338 , archivePrefix =. 0909.4080 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913338

  68. [68]

    An analysis of the CoRoT-2 system: A young spotted star and its inflated giant planet

    An analysis of the CoRoT-2 system: a young spotted star and its inflated giant planet. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015051 , archivePrefix =. 1010.1078 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015051

  69. [69]

    36th COSPAR Scientific Assembly , year = 2006, volume =

    CoRoT: a high precision photometer for stellar ecolution and exoplanet finding. 36th COSPAR Scientific Assembly , year = 2006, volume =

    2006

  70. [70]

    The Roasting Marshmallows Program with IGRINS on Gemini South. II. WASP-121 b has Superstellar C/O and Refractory-to-volatile Ratios. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad8574 , archivePrefix =. 2410.19017 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad8574

  71. [71]

    , keywords =

    The Roasting Marshmallows Program with IGRINS on Gemini South I: Composition and Climate of the Ultrahot Jupiter WASP-18 b. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acaf5c , archivePrefix =. 2209.15548 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acaf5c

  72. [72]

    The GAPS Programme at TNG. XLI. The climate of KELT-9b revealed with a new approach to high-spectral-resolution phase curves. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244593 , archivePrefix =. 2209.11735 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244593

  73. [73]

    , keywords =

    Phase-resolving the Absorption Signatures of Water and Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere of the Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b with GEMINI-S/IGRINS. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ad5c9f , archivePrefix =. 2406.09641 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ad5c9f

  74. [74]

    , keywords =

    Modelling the effect of 3D temperature and chemistry on the cross-correlation signal of transiting ultra-hot Jupiters: a study of five chemical species on WASP-76b. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2586 , archivePrefix =. 2307.04931 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2586

  75. [75]

    The High-Resolution Transmission Spectrum of HD 189733b Interpreted with Atmospheric Doppler Shifts from Three-Dimensional General Circulation Models

    The High-resolution Transmission Spectrum of HD 189733b Interpreted with Atmospheric Doppler Shifts from Three-dimensional General Circulation Models. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab164c , archivePrefix =. 1810.06099 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab164c

  76. [76]

    , keywords =

    Atmospheric Rossiter-McLaughlin effect and transmission spectroscopy of WASP-121b with ESPRESSO. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039344 , archivePrefix =. 2011.01245 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039344 2011

  77. [77]

    , keywords =

    The Mantis Network II: examining the 3D high-resolution observable properties of the UHJs WASP-121b and WASP-189b through GCM modelling. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2246 , archivePrefix =. 2210.11986 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2246

  78. [78]

    Global Climate and Atmospheric Composition of the Ultra-Hot Jupiter WASP-103b from HST and Spitzer Phase Curve Observations

    Global Climate and Atmospheric Composition of the Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-103b from HST and Spitzer Phase Curve Observations. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aac3df , archivePrefix =. 1805.00029 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aac3df

  79. [79]

    A HST/WFC3 Thermal Emission Spectrum of the Hot Jupiter HAT-P-7b

    An HST/WFC3 Thermal Emission Spectrum of the Hot Jupiter HAT-P-7b. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aac497 , archivePrefix =. 1805.00424 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aac497

  80. [80]

    Climate of an Ultra hot Jupiter: Spectroscopic phase curve of WASP-18b with HST/WFC3

    Climate of an ultra hot Jupiter. Spectroscopic phase curve of WASP-18b with HST/WFC3. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834891 , archivePrefix =. 1904.02069 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834891 1904

Showing first 80 references.